COPPER ION INDUCED PRODUCTION OF ROSMARINIC ACID IN LEMON BALM (Melissa officinalis L.) SEEDLINGS

Lemon balm (Melissa officinalisL.) has many biological effects but especially important is its neuroprotective activity. The aim of the study is to produce different extracts ofMelissa officinalisand analyse their chemical composition and biological properties on rat glioblastoma C6 cells. Results revealed that rosmarinic acid (RA) is the predominant compound of lemon balm extracts. RA has cytotoxic effect on glioblastoma cells (LC50290.5 μM after the incubation of 24 h and LC50171.3 μM after 48 h). RA at concentration 80–130 μM suppresses the cell proliferation and has an antioxidant effect. 200 μM and higher concentrations of RA have a prooxidant effect and initiate cell death through necrosis. The aqueous extract of lemon balm is also enriched in phenolic compounds: protocatechuic, caftaric, caffeic, ferulic, and cichoric acids and flavonoid luteolin-7-glucoside. This extract at concentrations 50 μM–200 μM RA has cytotoxic activity and initiates cell death through apoptosis. Extracts prepared with 70% ethanol contain the biggest amount of active compounds. These extracts have the highest cytotoxic activity on glioblastoma cells. They initiate generation of intracellular ROS and cell death through apoptosis and necrosis. Our data suggest that differently prepared lemon balm extracts differently affect glioblastoma cells and can be used as neuroprotective agents in several therapeutic strategies.

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Quantitative Analysis of Phenolic Acids and Antiplatelet Activity of Melissa officinalis Leaf Extracts

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1701200126 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Željan Maleš ◽

Andrea Antolić ◽

Ivana Babić ◽

Sandra Jurić ◽

Mirza Bojić

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Rosmarinic Acid ◽

Final Concentration ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antiplatelet Activity ◽

Melissa Officinalis ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Lemon Balm

The contents of total phenolic acids and rosmarinic acid were determined and the antiplatelet potential assessed of extracts of lemon balm ( Melissa officinalis L., Lamiaceae) leaf samples collected during 2014 and 2015. The quantity of total phenolic acids ranged from 4.8 to 8.5%, while the rosmarinic acid content ranged from 1.78 to 4.35%. Results of statistical analysis showed that the undiluted extracts have antiplatelet activity in the ADP test (final concentration 31.25 mg/L). While there are reports on antiplatelet activity of lemon balm essential oil, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on antiplatelet activity of lemon balm leaf extracts.

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Solid-Phase Extraction for Photometric Determination of Rosmarinic Acid in Lemon Balm (Melissa Officinalis) Extracts

Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica ◽

10.2478/v10296-012-0007-y ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 62-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Miroslav Ondrejovič ◽

Tibor Maliar ◽

Hana Benkovičová ◽

Jana Kubincová

Keyword(s):

Solid Phase Extraction ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Rosmarinic Acid ◽

Mobile Phase ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Photometric Determination ◽

Phase Extraction ◽

Melissa Officinalis ◽

Lemon Balm

Solid-Phase Extraction for Photometric Determination of Rosmarinic Acid in Lemon Balm (Melissa Officinalis) Extracts The aim of this study was evaluation of the solid-phase extraction for elimination of interference compounds from lemon balm extracts aimed for photometric determination of rosmarinic acid. In experiments, evaluated conditions were as follows: composition and volume of mobile phase, ratio between volume of sample and mass of stationary phase and flow rate of mobile phase during separation. The results indicated that interfered compounds were eliminated. The lemon balm extracts should be pretreated by adsorption on normal stationary phase (silica gel) in ratio sample volume to silica gel weight 1:1 (v/w) elution by mobile phase - diethyl ether: acetic acid (9:1; v/v) - volume - 40 times of crude extract volume - with flow rate 5 ml/min. After selection of SPE conditions, the method was validated with comparison to HPLC analysis. The results suggest that this method may be useable for determination of rosmarinic acid by photometric measurement based on the complexation of Fe2+ ions with rosmarinic acid.

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Release of rosmarinic acid from semisolid formulations and its penetration through human skin ex vivo

Acta Pharmaceutica ◽

10.1515/acph-2015-0012 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 199-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ada Stelmakienė ◽

Kristina Ramanauskienė ◽

Vitalis Briedis

Keyword(s):

Human Skin ◽

Rosmarinic Acid ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

In Vitro Release ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Melissa Officinalis ◽

Lemon Balm ◽

Release Study ◽

Vitro Release

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the release of rosmarinic acid (RA) from the experimental topical formulations with the Melissa officinalis L. extract and to evaluate its penetration through undamaged human skin ex vivo. The results of the in vitro release study showed that higher amounts of RA were released from the emulsion vehicle when lemon balm extract was added in its dry form. An inverse correlation was detected between the released amount of RA and the consistency index of the formulation. Different penetration of RA into the skin may be influenced by the characteristics of the vehicle as well as by the form of the extract. The results of penetration assessment showed that the intensity of RA penetration was influenced by its lipophilic properties: RA was accumulating in the epidermis, while the dermis served as a barrier, impeding its deeper penetration.

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Extraction and Liquid Membrane Preconcentration of Rosmarinic Acid from Lemon Balm (Melissa Officinalis L.)

Separation Science and Technology ◽

10.1080/01496390600588697 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 877-886 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Lubomir Boyadzhiev ◽

Valentina Dimitrova

Keyword(s):

Rosmarinic Acid ◽

Liquid Membrane ◽

Melissa Officinalis ◽

Lemon Balm

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Comparison of rosmarinic acid content in commercial tinctures produced from fresh and dried lemon balm (Melissa officinalis)

Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.18433/j3h59r ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 455 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Alberto Sanchez-Medina ◽

Christopher J. Etheridge ◽

Geoffrey E. Hawkes ◽

Peter J. Hylands ◽

Barbara A. Pendry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acid Content ◽

Rosmarinic Acid ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Initial Conditions ◽

Internal Standard ◽

Gradient Elution ◽

Melissa Officinalis ◽

Linear Gradient ◽

Lemon Balm ◽

Ambient Room Temperature

Purpose. To measure the rosmarinic acid content of eight commercial tinctures derived from fresh (n= 5) and dried (n=3) Melissa officinalis herb. Methods. Rosmarinic acid and the internal standard (esculin) were purchased from Aldrich Chemical Co. The column used was a Luna C18, 5 um (150 x 4.6 mm I.D., Phenomenex) maintained at ambient room temperature. The HPLC system consisted of a Shimadzu SCL-6B controller, Shimadzu LC-6A pumps, Shimadzu SPD-6A UV single wavelength spectrophotometric detector set to 320 nm and Shimadzu SIL-6B autosampler. Gradient elution of the samples and standard were performed using ammonium formate (0.02 M; pH 6.25 at 27 oC; eluent A) and methanol (eluent B). The gradient elution initial conditions were 2% of eluent B with linear gradient to 60% at 30 min, followed by linear gradient to 90% of eluent B at 31 min, this proportion being maintained for 4 min. The column was then returned to the initial condition at 36 min and maintained until the end of the run at 43 min. The flow rate was 1 mL/min. The assay was validated for sensitivity, accuracy and reproducibility. Results. The content of rosmarinic acid in commercial tinctures was significantly higher in the tinctures made from dried plant material (2.96 – 22.18 mg/mL) compared to fresh plant tinctures (

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Evaluation of 28 balm and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) accessions for content and composition of essential oil and content of rosmarinic acid

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution ◽

10.1007/s10722-017-0568-3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 745-757 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Kittler ◽

H. Krüger ◽

U. Lohwasser ◽

D. Ulrich ◽

B. Zeiger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Rosmarinic Acid ◽

Melissa Officinalis ◽

Lemon Balm

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Content and composition of essential oil and content of rosmarinic acid in lemon balm and balm genotypes (Melissa officinalis)

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution ◽

10.1007/s10722-018-0635-4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

pp. 1517-1527

Author(s):

J. Kittler ◽

H. Krüger ◽

D. Ulrich ◽

B. Zeiger ◽

W. Schütze ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Rosmarinic Acid ◽

Melissa Officinalis ◽

Lemon Balm

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Chitosan enhances rosmarinic acid production in shoot cultures of Melissa officinalis L. through the induction of methyl jasmonate

Botanical Studies ◽

10.1186/s40529-019-0274-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ghazaleh Fooladi vanda ◽

Leila Shabani ◽

Roya Razavizadeh

Keyword(s):

Rosmarinic Acid ◽

Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽

Essential Gene ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽

Shoot Cultures ◽

Melissa Officinalis ◽

Lemon Balm ◽

Regulated Expression ◽

Abiotic Elicitor

Abstract Background Chitosan is a polycationic polysaccharide derived from chitin that has been recognized as an effective elicitor in the production of secondary metabolites of many medicinal plants. In this study, the effect of abiotic elicitor (chitosan) at various concentrations on rosmarinic acid (RA) and total phenolic accumulation in shoot cultures of lemon balm was investigated. Results Treatment of shoots by chitosan led to a noticeable induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) activities. Besides, the expression of PAL1, TAT and RAS genes and accumulation of RA and phenolic compound increased in chitosan-treated lemon balm shoots. Chitosan treatment also increased H2O2 accumulation and the expression of RBOH, an essential gene implicated in ROS production. Also, the up-regulation of the OPR gene by exogenous chitosan was associated with the induction of endogenous JA determined by GC-MASS. Conclusion The present study showed that the induced production of rosmarinic acid by chitosan involves the trigger of defense-related enzymes, up-regulated expression of TAT and RAS genes, and stimulation of JA biosynthesis.

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