scholarly journals Obesity self-management: knowledge, attitude, practice, and pharmaceutical use among healthy obese individuals in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-121
Author(s):  
Sharaf E Sharaf
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Linear Correlations ◽  
Poor Practice

Introduction: Obesity is a chronic disease that is increasing in Saudi Arabia (SA) and globally. Obesity self-management among individuals is essential for managing obesity and its complications. This study aimed to conduct an obesity knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) assessment and prevalence of used pharmaceutical anti-obesity medications among individuals with obesity in SA. Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and April 2021. The participants completed a validated online administered questionnaire using the Survey Monkey website. Potential participants were approached in governmental hospitals, leisure centers, and shopping malls. The chi-square test was used to assess associations between categorical variables. In addition, correlations between the participants' KAP and outcome variables were measured using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Results: In all, 410 obese individuals (mean age 40±14 years, range 18–80 years) were surveyed. Overall, 68% of participants reported good obesity knowledge, and 63% reported a good attitude, while 72% reported poor practice. In addition, there were significant positive linear correlations between knowledge and attitude (r=0.44, P<0.001), knowledge and practice (r=0.14, P<0.01), attitude and practice (r=0.11, P<0.05), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) (r=0.25, P<0.01), while there were significant negative linear correlations between knowledge and BMI (r=−0.20, P<0.001), attitude and BMI (r=−0.19, P<0.001), practice and BMI (r=−0.67, P<0.001), knowledge and WC (r=−0.10, P<0.05), attitude and WC (r=−0.10, P<0.05), and practice and WC (r=−0.45, P<0.001). Interestingly, 67% of participants did not use any approved pharmaceutical anti-obesity medications due to a lack of anti-obesity treatment knowledge and safety. Conclusion: The participants reported good knowledge and attitudes toward obesity, although these were not reflected in their practice levels. The lack of pharmaceutical knowledge, safety, and use of anti-obesity medications contributed directly to poor practice levels. Health authorities should establish clinical and pharmaceutical health education programs incorporating the latest pharmaceutical anti-obesity medications, including their applications and safety, for enhancing self-management and awareness among obese individuals.

scholarly journals Hypertension self-management and antihypertensive prevalence amid patients in Saudi Arabia via knowledge, attitude, and practice assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Sharaf E Sharaf
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Linear Correlations

Background: Diagnosed cases with hypertension (HT) are elevating worldwide and in Saudi Arabia (SA). HT self-management amid patients is important for controlling the disease and its complications. The aim of this study is to perform an HT KAP evaluation amid patients with HT in SA. Subjects and methods: This Cross-sectional study was performed between January and April 2021. An administered validated online survey was presented to the patients via the Survey Monkey website-link. Data collectors contacted possible patients in several sites comprising; hospitals, shopping malls, and leisure-centers. The associations amid categorical variables were assessed via the chi-square test application. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) measured potential correlations between the patients’ KAP and outcome variables. Results: This study surveyed 410 patients with HT with mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 144.1 mmHg ± 15.4 and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 90.2 mmHg ± 10.2, mean age 56 ± 11 years, range 18–80 years. Generally, 73% of patients showed good HT knowledge and 78% showed good HT attitude, whereas 77% revealed poor HT practice. Significant positive linear correlations were found amid attitude versus (with) knowledge (r= 0.40, P <0.001), practice with knowledge (r= 0.26, P <0.001), practice with attitude (r= 0.26, P <0.001), SBP with DBP (r= 0.57, P <0.001), whereas significant negative linear correlations were found amid SBP with knowledge (r= −0.13, P <0.05), SBP with attitude (r= −0.11, P <0.05), SBP with practice (r= −0.10, P <0.05), DBP with knowledge (r= −0.10, P <0.05), DBP with attitude (r= −0.14, P <0.05), and DBP with practice (r= −0.10, P <0.05). Surprisingly, 59% of patients didn’t administer any prescribed anti-hypertensives. Conclusion: The patients showed a very good attitude and knowledge regarding HT; however, these were not mirrored in their practice towards HT. Unproper administration of prescribed anti-hypertensive medicines without a proper healthy diet and exercise caused a direct contribution resulted in poor HT practice despite increased HT knowledge and awareness. Consequently, patients are advised to participate in the free HT health education programs provided by the ministry of health (MOH) to increase their knowledge of the importance of drug compliance and applications for improving HT self-management to better manage HT and its complications.

scholarly journals Attitudes and Preparedness of Non-Front-Line Physicians in Saudi Arabia Toward the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Haifaa Malaekah ◽  
Muna Aljahany ◽  
Wajdan Alassaf ◽  
Malak Alotaibi ◽  
Mashael Alsaffar
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Airway Management ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge Levels

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the attitudes (willingness) and preparedness of non-front-line physicians across different specialties in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) toward the management of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted between April 15, 2020 and May 5, 2020 included 6,209 physicians working in KSA. An electronic questionnaire was designed and validated for the assessment of three categorical outcome variables, namely, attitudes, confidence, and knowledge levels. Pearson’s chi-square test was used for comparing the distribution of the proportions of these three categorical variables. Results: The majority of participants (63.2%) were willing and prepared to treat COVID-19 patients. A significantly large proportion of participants specializing in anesthesiology (78.2%) had higher knowledge levels, followed by those from plastic surgery (71.1%), pediatrics (69.7%), and obstetrics and gynecology (69.1%) (p<0.0001). Lower confidence levels were found for airway management skills (38.1%); particularly among dermatologists and radiologists. Conclusion: Higher knowledge levels about personal protective equipment (PPE) use and confidence in airway management skills were proportionally related to the level of willingness to participate in COVID-19 patient management. There is an urgent need to train doctors from certain specialties on PPE use and airway management to enable their front-line support of severely ill COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among endodontists of Nepal in patient management during COVID-19 arena

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Deepa Kunwar ◽  
Snigdha Subham ◽  
Manisha Nepal ◽  
Jwolan Khadka
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Basis Risk ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background: Coronavirus disease, 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratorysyndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).COVID-19 is a global pandemic affecting all aspects of life in all countries. Endodontist are at inherent risk because of aerosol generating procedures. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) among Endodontists of Nepal to combat the COVID 19 pandemic. Method:A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among Endodontist of Nepal from March to June 2021.Convenient sampling method was adopted. The data were analysed using SPSS version 20.Descriptive statistics was performed, percentage and frequency distribution were assessed. Chi-square tests wereused to see the association between the categorical variables. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:  Out of the total 81 Endodontists who responded to our study, 55.6% of them were females and 44.4% males. Around 65%were from Bagmati province.Majority (87.7%) of responders reported that they categorize the cases on the basis risk assessment, 56.8% do not perform routine procedures during the pandemic. Maximum (97.5%) of the responders discuss about COVID-19 with the patients.About 55% of the responders use rubber dam during the endodontic procedures, while 17.3% of the responders do not use them at all. Conclusion:Endodontists of Nepal werefound to have good knowledge, attitude and practice score, which is important to overcome the present pandemic scenario of COVID19.Certain pitfalls in attitude and practice level can be decreased by efficient training programs, precise guidelines, and treatment protocols.

scholarly journals The characteristics and risk factors of human papillomavirus infection: an outpatient population-based study in Changsha, Hunan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingsi Gao ◽  
Yu-Ligh Liou ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Lingxiao Zou ◽  
Waixing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Test Kit

AbstractThis cross-sectional study investigated the characteristics of cervical HPV infection in Changsha area and explored the influence of Candida vaginitis on this infection. From 11 August 2017 to 11 September 2018, 12,628 outpatient participants ranged from 19 to 84 years old were enrolled and analyzed. HPV DNA was amplified and tested by HPV GenoArray Test Kit. The vaginal ecology was detected by microscopic and biochemistry examinations. The diagnosis of Candida vaginitis was based on microscopic examination (spores, and/or hypha) and biochemical testing (galactosidase) for vaginal discharge by experts. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS 9.4. Continuous and categorical variables were analyzed by t-tests and by Chi-square tests, respectively. HPV infection risk factors were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Of the total number of participants, 1753 were infected with HPV (13.88%). Females aged ≥ 40 to < 50 years constituted the largest population of HPV-infected females (31.26%). The top 5 HPV subtypes affecting this population of 1753 infected females were the following: HPV-52 (28.01%), HPV-58 (14.83%), CP8304 (11.47%), HPV-53 (10.84%), and HPV-39 (9.64%). Age (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1–1.01; P < 0.05) and alcohol consumption (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.09–1.56; P < 0.01) were found to be risk factors for HPV infection. However, the presence of Candida in the vaginal flora was found to be a protective factor against HPV infection (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.48–0.8; P < 0.001). Comparing with our previous study of 2016, we conclude that the subtype distribution of HPV infection is relatively constant in Changsha. Our data suggest a negative correlation between vaginal Candida and HPV, however, more radical HPV management is required in this area for perimenopausal women and those who regularly consume alcohol.

Attitude towards online classes among school and college going students during lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 3446
Author(s):  
Saurav Kumar ◽  
Shiv Prakash ◽  
Mona Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
College Going ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the attitude of the school and college-going students towards online classes. Methods: An online cross-sectional study was conducted on 228 school and college-going students fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria selected through purposive sampling methods. A semi-structured online questionnaire consisting of a socio-demographic questionnaire and Attitude towards online classes (ATOC) questionnaire was prepared by the researcher using Google form. The link of the questionnaire was sent to all the selected respondents through WhatsApp messages and emails. The data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 20 software. The reliability of the attitude questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha test. The association between categorical variables was assessed using Chi-square tests. The comparison between variables was assessed using the students independent t-test.Results: More than half of the respondents (51.32%) were found with a positive attitude towards online classes. There was a significant association found between attitude towards online classes and socio-demographic variables such as age (p<0.05), academic level (p<0.05), and family income (p<0.01). The respondents who attended online classes (p<0.05), have technical knowledge (p<0.01), and got supported by their parents in the study (p<0.05) were found significantly high positive attitudes towards online classes. There was a significant difference found in the attitude of the respondents who faced psychological disturbances such as a decline in attention-concentration (p<0.05), irritation-anger (p<0.01), and tension (p<0.05) due to online classes.Conclusions: Although, online classes are more beneficial for the students and teachers in their academic activities during the lockdown period due to the COVID-19 pandemic but it can’t take place of traditional face-to-face classes. 

scholarly journals The Study of Prescribing Errors Among General Dentists

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solmaz Araghi ◽  
Rohollah Sharifi ◽  
Goran Ahmadi ◽  
Mahsa Esfehani ◽  
Fatemeh Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Entrance Examination ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypothetical Patient ◽  
General Dentists

<p><strong>INTRODUCTION</strong><strong>:</strong> In dentistry, medicine often prescribed to relieve pain and remove infections .Therefore, wrong prescription can lead to a range of problems including lack of pain, antimicrobial treatment failure and the development of resistance to antibiotics.</p> <p><strong>MATERIALS &amp; METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> In this cross-sectional study, the aim was to evaluate the common errors in written prescriptions by general dentists in Kermanshah in 2014. Dentists received a questionnaire describing five hypothetical patient and the appropriate prescription for the patient in question was asked. Information about age, gender, work experience and the admission in university was collected. The frequency of errors in prescriptions was determined. Data by SPSS 20statistical software and using statistical t-test, chi-square and Pearson correlation were analyzed (0.05&gt; P).</p> <p><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>: </strong>A total of 180 dentists (62.6% male and 37.4% female) with a mean age of 8.23 ± 39.199 participated in this study. Prescription errors include the wrong in pharmaceutical form (11%), not having to write therapeutic dose (13%), writing wrong dose (14%), typos (15%), error prescription (23%) and writing wrong number of drugs (24%).The most frequent errors in the administration of antiviral drugs (31%) and later stages of antifungal drugs (30%), analgesics (23%) and antibiotics (16%) was observed. Males dentists compared with females dentists showed more frequent errors (P=0.046). Error frequency among dentists with a long work history (P&gt;0.001) and the acceptance in the university except for the entrance examination (P=0.041) had a statistically significant relationship.</p> <p><strong>CONCLUSION</strong><strong>:</strong> This study showed that the written prescription by general dentists examined contained significant errors and improve prescribing through continuing education of dentists is essential.</p>

scholarly journals Relationship Between Undernutrition and Periodontal Diseases Among Yemen Population: a Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Al-kalisi ◽  
Manal Al-Hajri ◽  
Sarah Al-Rai
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Background: Undernutrition is an inadequate supply of energy and nutrients. Periodontal diseases (PDs) defined as a broad form of chronic inflammatory diseases of the gingiva, bone and ligaments supporting the teeth. This study aimed to reveal the effect of undernutrition, using body mass index (BMI) and serum albumin level (Alb) on PDs and other risk factors as age, smoking and khat chewing. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the faculty of dentistry, Sana’a University. Of 1920 patients attended to clinics, only 229 matched the study criteria. Oral examination was performed to assess the periodontal clinical parameters measurements. BMI and Alb was measured. Statistical analysis was used to present the association between categorical variables was assessed using Chi square test and Fisher-Exact test. ANOVA was used to assess the differences in the mean values of the quantitative outcomes. Chi square test was used to evaluate the association between BMI and age, gender, occupation, education level, smoking, khat chewing as well as BMI with PDs. Results: Most of participants (58.5%) were males and most of the study sample (91.3%) was at the age group of (18-35). Among all subjects, (81.2%) of cases were diagnosed with gingivitis. (60.7%) of study participants were mildly undernourished according to BMI. (93%) of participants showed normal Alb level. Regarding to habits, only (18.2%) of patients were smokers and more than half of participants (59.4%) were khat chewers. Conclusion: There was a relationship between PDs and undernutrition which was obviously seen between gingivitis and mild undernutrition.

scholarly journals Hypertension and its Relation with Waist to Hip Ratio in Women Referred to Bojnurd Urban Health Centers in 2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hossein Lashkardoost ◽  
Fateme Hoseyni ◽  
Elham Rabbani ◽  
Farzane Q Moqadam ◽  
Leila Hosseini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study

Introduction: North Khorasan province has one of the highest rates of hypertension. One of the main causes of hypertension is obesity. Obesity is one of the most important public health problems around the world as a risk factor for non-communicable diseases. Since a similar study was not conducted in Bojnurd, we examined the relationship between waist to hip ratio with hypertension. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on women referring to Bojnurd health centers. To analyze the data, we used t-test, chi-square, multiple logistic regression and Pearson correlation in Stata 12 software. Results: In this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of systolic blood pressure was 14.78% and diastolic blood pressure was 15.65%. So waist to the hips showed the highest correlation with the changes in hypertension. Conclusion: There are significant relationships between the age and the number of pregnancies with the risk of hypertension. Since a significant percentage of people are unaware of the existence of hypertension, changing diet and having regular physical activity along with social support is an important strategy.

scholarly journals Parental knowledge, attitude and practice on malaria in Mandailing Natal district

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Syafruddin Haris ◽  
Sri Sofyani ◽  
Bidasari Lubis ◽  
Munar Lubis ◽  
Syahril Pasaribu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Centre ◽  
Parental Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background Malaria is still considered to be an important healthproblem in Indonesia. Malaria has been found in islands withdifferent degree of endemicity. Behavior of the community isone of the factors affecting the incidence of malaria in MandailingNatal district.Objective To know the parental knowledge, attitude, and practiceamong parents whose children suffered from malaria or not.Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in six primaryschools and one health centre in October 2004. Subjects wereparents whose children were malaria positive and malaria negativebased on laboratory examination. Sample size was 85 parents foreach group. Selected respondents were interviewed usingstructured questionnaire. Degree of knowledge, attitude, andpractice on malaria were established using scoring system withinthree categories: good, less, and poor. Data were collected andpresented using chi-square and P<0.05 was considered as a levelof significant.Results The mean age of 85 parents whose children were positivemalaria, was 38.47 years (SD 6.67) and the mean age of thosewhose children were negative malaria was 40.41 years (SD 8.05).Parent’s education level was 62.9% primary school and 90% oftheir children were school-aged. There were significant differenceson parental knowledge, attitude and practice in each group(P<0.05). There was also a significant correlation betweenoccupation and knowledge, but not between parental educationlevel and parental age. Parental knowledge and attitude on theincidence of malaria in Mandailing Natal district were good,though their practice were poor.Conclusion There are significant differences on parentalknowledge, attitude and practice, between parents whose childrenwere positive and negative for malaria.

scholarly journals Predictive power of indicators to the perception of food and nutritional insecurity in the Bolsa Família Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Roncato Cardozo ◽  
Sinara Laurini Rossato ◽  
Maria Rita Marques de Oliveira ◽  
Vera Mariza Henriques de Miranda Costa ◽  
Luiz Manoel de Moraes Camargo Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bolsa Familia

Abstract: The objective was to analyze the predictive power of indicators of the perception of food and nutritional insecurity comparing beneficiary and non - beneficiary families of the Bolsa Família Program, through a cross - sectional study with 150 families. Demographic, socioeconomic, food insecurity (Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale), nutritional status (Body Mass Index) and household consumption patterns were collected. The correlation between the demographic, socioeconomic, nutritional status and level of food insecurity were tested using the Pearson correlation coefficient; the association with Chi-square and ANOVA tests; and the prevalence ratio and 95% confidence intervals with Poisson Regression model. The predictive power of indicators of food insecurity was evaluated with the ROC curve. Patterns of food consumption, demographic and health characteristics were not significantly correlated with food insecurity. In the analyzes with the ROC curve, among the beneficiary families, the income derived only from the Bolsa Família and the Renda Cidadã Program with the Bolsa Família presented a better predictive power of food insecurity, covering the curve by 70%, followed by the difference between the income from wages and rent and gas (70%). The proportions of the total income of families spent on rent and gas had low predictive power (67%). Income components, mainly rent and gas spending, showed a better performance in the prediction of food insecurity among beneficiaries of Bolsa Família, and could be a complementary quantitative indicator to the Brazilian Scale of Food Insecurity.

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