scholarly journals Focus of mineralization-synthesis processes of the organic matter in the leached chernozem while cultivating potatoes on different fertilization backgrounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
V. Volkogon ◽  
O. Pyrig ◽  
S. Dimova ◽  
K. Volkogon
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Mineralization Processes ◽  
Fertilization System

Aim. To investigate the focus of the mineralization–synthesis processes in leached chernozem while cultivating potatoes in different fertilization systems, ensuring different supplies of raw organic matter into the soil. Methods. Field experiment, gas chromatography. Results. The study of emissions of nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide from the soil followed by the calculations of the specifi c losses of N-N2O (g/kg C-CO2), depending on fertilization system and in comparison with the indicators of the “reference” soil, provide an opportunity for rapid determination of the focus of the mineralization-synthesis processes in the organic matter in agrocenoses. The use of exclusively mineral fertilization systems results in the highest specifi c losses of N2O as the increase of the applied fertilizer doses initiates the mineralization processes in the soil. The combination of mineral fertilizers with raw organic products (5 t/ha straw and 13 t/ha of lupine cover crop) signifi cantly improves the situation. At the same time, in experiment with the lowest (N40P40K40 kg/ha) and medium (N80Р80К80 kg/ha) doses of mineral fertilizers the balance of mineralization-synthesis processes of organic matter was observed. The highest rate of mineral fertilizer dose in the experiment (N120P120K120 kg/ha), even in combination with the raw organic material, activates mineralization processes. With the use of manure, as well as upon its combination with the lupine cover crop and low doses of mineral fertilizers, the optimization of nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions is observed. Conclusions. The use of solely mineral fertilizers in the technology of potato cultivation is inappropriate in terms of environmental reasons. The combination of mineral fertilizers (not exceeding N80Р80К80 kg/ha dose) with straw and lupine cover crop ensures optimization of the processes of mineralization-synthesis of organic matter. Moreover, the optimization of biological processes in the soil was observed in experiments with the use of manure, its combination with lupine cover crop and low doses of mineral fertilizers. The calculations of the indices of mineralization-synthesis of organic matter, considering the emission factors of N2O and CO2, obtained with the use of modern high-sensitivity gas chromatographic methods, allow to determine the focus of biological processes in the soil, depending on fertilization system, and to estimate ecologic sustainability of types and doses of fertilizers.

scholarly journals Effects of dissolved organic matter in soil on the emission of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
李彬彬 LI Binbin ◽  
马军花 MA Junhua ◽  
武兰芳 WU Lanfang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter

scholarly journals Methodological aspects of determining the processes of organic matter mineralization↔synthesis in croplands

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Volkohon ◽  
O. Pyrig ◽  
K. Volkohon ◽  
S. Dimova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Positive Ratio ◽  
Fertilization System

Aim. To determine the peculiarities of N[2]O and CO[2] soil emissions under different systems of crop fertilization. Methods. Field experiment, gas chromatography. Results. The data obtained during the permanent fi eld experiment on leached chernozem with crop rotation including potatoes, spring barley, peas and winter wheat have shown that both absolute (N[2]O) and specifi c (relative to carbon losses in the form of СО[2] ) losses of nitrogen depend on crop fertilization system. The introduction of raw organic material to the soil in the form of cattle manure or lupine (green manure) has led to the increased CO[2] emission levels. However, specifi c nitrogen losses in the form of N[2]O (g N-N[2]O/kg C-CO[2] ) have remained at the control level. The application of mineral fertilizers (under the absence of raw organic material) have triggered N[2]O emissions and more intense production of CO[2] (up to 67 % in the variant with the highest dose of mineral fertilizers (N[120]P[120]K[120] kg/ha of active ingredient), which can be caused by the mineralization of humus compounds. In organo-mineral fertilization system the specifi c losses of nitrous oxide have not exceeded the control and fallow. Based on the obtained results the authors propose the method of determining the “mineralization-synthesis” indices of organic matter in agricultural soils for estimation of the orientation of biological processes under different crop growing conditions. Conclusions. Systemic application of mineral fertilizers without introduction of raw organic material leads to the misbalance of mineralization and synthesis processes in soils. Under such conditions the mineralization of organic matter is prevailing. The use of organic and organo-mineral fertilizers has balanced these processes in the soil. The proposed methodological approach for determination of mineralization-synthesis indices is based on the emission ratio of g N-N[2]O/kg C-СО[2] compared to the reference values and can provide an objective view of the tendency of mineralization (negative ratio values) and synthesis (positive ratio values) processes in the soils. It provides grounds to the decision-making principles of agricultural crops fertilization or introduction of certain agronomic techniques.

scholarly journals TRENDS IN BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN LEACHED CHERNOZEM UNDER CULTIVATION OF SPRING BARLEY WITH VARIOUS SPECIES AND RATES OF FERTILIZERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
V. V. Volkohon ◽  
O. V. Pyrih O. V. Pyrih ◽  
T. Yu. Brytan
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Carbon Cycles ◽  
Leached Chernozem

The influence of the aftereffects of organic fertilizers and direct action of minerals on thedevelopment of microorganisms of nitrogen and carbon cycles, as well as the course of individualbiological processes has been investigated in the process of growing spring Ii the field stationaryexperiment on the leached chernozem. In the first year of aftereffect of organic fertilizers in the form ofmanure, straw, lupine green manure, and their combination, the activation of soil biota occurs and thecorrelation between the number of different groups of microorganisms changes. Application ofmineral fertilizers in high rate (N90P90K90) leads to the active development of denitrifiers, stimulationof biological denitrification, restriction of functional activity of diazotrophs, growth of the coefficientof mineralization of organic substance. However, the use of this dose in the background after theorganic fertilizer (straw + green manure) helps to optimize the flow of biological processes in the soil.At the same time, the specified rate of mineral fertilizers becomes environmentally acceptable. Theconclusion is made about the inadmissibility of the use of solid fertilizers under deficiency of organicsubstance in the soil.

scholarly journals The Agrochemical Evolution of Districambosoil Through Differentiated Fertilizations on Potato Crop in the Apuseni Mts. Area

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilena MARGHITAS ◽  
Mihai RUSU ◽  
Constantin TOADER ◽  
Mihaela MIHAI ◽  
Lavinia MOLDOVAN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Fertilization System

The paper presents the agrochemical evolution of the districambosoil, through differentiated organo-mineral fertilization on potato crop, in the Avram Iancu commune, under the slope of the Găina Mountain, where the Apuseni seem a huge fort and a gate open towards the world and the sky. The districambosoil (the brown acidic soil) is representative for the mountain area, exhibiting an acidic and strong-acidic trait (pHH2O 4.8 -5.6), the presence of exchangeable aluminium in all of its subtypes, a moderate humus content, a low supply in basic nutritive elements for plants. Thus, it requires enhanced attention granted to fertilization, with an emphasis on mineral fertilizers. Through organo-mineral fertilization, the organic matter in the soil formed from natural organic fertilizers exerts a positive influence on the soils physical and agrochemical traits, making a contribution to the decrease of soil acidity and erosion (characteristic to the mountain area), diminishing nutrition imbalances and enhancing the effect of mineral fertilizers applied to plant species, to achieve superior qualitative and quantitative productions. Alongside being the basic food product of population in the area, the importance of potato increases once the altitude of the area also increases, being used as fodder for animal husbandry, due to the fact that the assortment of cultivated plants is limited to potato, rye, oat, some fruit trees, certain vegetables, while the rest of the surfaces is covered with natural pastureland and forests. Nutritionally, the potato is considered to be a highly-demanding plant in terms of nutritive elements. Once harvesting occurs, the export of nutritive elements in the soil is high, which determined the quick depletion of the soil. Thus, it is necessary to apply suitable fertilization to potato crop, which is adequate to the household system specific to the mountain area, where the basic occupation of locals is animal husbandry. This yields an amount of natural fertilizers that can be rationally employed as the main fertilization source of plants cultivated on lo-fertility soils. The numerous research in the area led to the conclusion that there are good and even very good pedoclimatic conditions for the potato crop, but it has been proven that the time variation of agrochemical indices is the result of the dynamics determined by present clmate change, microorganisms, the plants’ productive consumption and soil nutrient chemism, as well as the influence of fertilizer application and systems of agriculture applied. The increasing possibility and severity of climate events will lead to the increase of the risk of calamity for cultivated agricultural and horticultural plants. Climate change will also affect the soil, decreasing the organic matter content – a major contributor to soil fertility. The importance, originality and novelty of these agrochemical experiemnts are due to yet unsolved issued regarding fertilization combinations through the implementing of an ecologically-protective soil fertilization system to maintain and enhance the organic matter content according to the climatic specificity of the mountain area and the specific and overall consumption requirements of potato varieties in the area. This soil fertilization system for potato crop in the mountain area accompanied by a rigorous agrochemical control, provide for a diversity of practical solutions in achieving the agrochemical optimum of the soil-plant system and protection of mountain ecosystems.

Impact of the estimated doses of mineral fertilizers on the infestation mildew, pyrenophora and yield of winter wheat varieties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Y. Ozheredova ◽  
◽  
A. N. Esaulko ◽  
L.A. Mikhno ◽  
A.P. Shutko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The article presents materials on the influence of calculated doses of mineral fertilizers on the incidence of powdery mildew, pyrenophorosis and yield of winter wheat varieties cultivated on leached Chernozem for 2016-2018.

TRANSFORMATION FEATURES OF THE DRAINED PEAT-PODZOL GLEY SOILS UNDER LONG-TERM AGRICULTURAL USE

1970 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
V. А. Shevchenko ◽  
A. V. Nefedov ◽  
A. V. Ilinskiy ◽  
А. Е. Morozov
Keyword(s):  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Peat Layer ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mineralization Processes ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Plough Layer

Long-term observations of the drained soil of peat-podzolic-gley light loam on ancient alluvial sands state on the example of the meliorative object "Tinky-2" showed that under the influence of agricultural use in the soil, the organic matter mineralization processes are accelerated. During the drainage process, the soil evolutionarily suffered the following changes: the peat layer was compacted, humified and mineralized, which was a reason of the transformation them into the humus horizon. Based on the monitoring studies results it was established that during 21 intensive use years the peat layer thickness was decreased by 74.5% and amounted to 5.51 inch, which in the following 20 years was decreased to a layer of 1.18 inch, and for another 14 years it became a homogeneous humus horizon containing difficulty identifiable plant remains. For half a century, the bulk density increased by 6 times and the total moisture capacity of the soil decreased by 3.6 times. Other indicators were changed significantly. So, the ash content by 2016 increased from 11.2% to 52.7%. It was a reason of the plough-layer decreasing and it mixes with the mineral sand horizon during plowing. It should also be noted that the total nitrogen content in the soil decreased by 1.13%, and total carbon by 15.3% from 1982 to 2016. The dynamics of changes in the soil acidity, phosphorus and potassium content is associated with the introduction of calcareous, organic and mineral fertilizers in the 1980s. The unsystematic exploitation of such soils leads to decrease in the agricultural products productivity and increase in energy costs. When planning these soils usage in agricultural production, it is necessary to develop and implement modern melioration technologies and techniques aimed to increase soil fertility.

Optimization of biological processes of transformation of organic substance into leached chernozem

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Volkogon ◽  
A. Moskalenko ◽  
S. Dimova ◽  
O. Pyrig ◽  
Ju. Halep ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Substance ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Leached Chernozem

Characterization of a Polymeric Membrane for the Separation of Hydrogen in a Mixture with CO2

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionisio H. Malagón-Romero ◽  
Alexander Ladino ◽  
Nataly Ortiz ◽  
Liliana P. Green
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Hydrogen is expected to play an important role as a clean, reliable and renewable energy source. A key challenge is the production of hydrogen in an economically and environmentally sustainable way on an industrial scale. One promising method of hydrogen production is via biological processes using agricultural resources, where the hydrogen is found to be mixed with other gases, such as carbon dioxide. Thus, to separate hydrogen from the mixture, it is challenging to implement and evaluate a simple, low cost, reliable and efficient separation process. So, the aim of this work was to develop a polymeric membrane for hydrogen separation. The developed membranes were made of polysulfone via phase inversion by a controlled evaporation method with 5 wt % and 10 wt % of polysulfone resulting in thicknesses of 132 and 239 micrometers, respectively. Membrane characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and ASTM D882 tensile test. Performance was characterized using a 23 factorial experiment using the time lag method, comparing the results with those from gas chromatography (GC). As a result, developed membranes exhibited dense microstructures, low values of RMS roughness, and glass transition temperatures of approximately 191.75 °C and 190.43 °C for the 5 wt % and 10 wt % membranes, respectively. Performance results for the given membranes showed a hydrogen selectivity of 8.20 for an evaluated gas mixture 54% hydrogen and 46% carbon dioxide. According to selectivity achieved, H2 separation from carbon dioxide is feasible with possibilities of scalability. These results are important for consolidating hydrogen production from biological processes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document