scholarly journals The relationship between structural lipids of sheep wool with its individual macrostructural components, chemical composition and physical indicators

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
P. V. Stapai ◽  
◽  
N. P. Stakhiv ◽  
V. M. Tkachuk ◽  
O. O. Smolianinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Lipids ◽  
Bound Lipids ◽  
Carpathian Mountain ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sheep Wool

The data on the peculiarities of the structural organization, chemical composition and physical parameters of sheep wool of different breeds depending on the type of their hair are presented. It has been found that the down fibers of ewes of the Ukrainian Carpathian Mountain breed possess the lowest content of β-keratosis (10.2%) and the highest content of α-keratosis (64.4%). In the fine wool of Ascanian ewes and Prekos ewes, the content of β-keratosis is 12.9 and 11.5%, respectively, and the highest content of it (15.1%) is contained in the guard fibers of the Carpathian Mountain ewes. However, in the down fibers of these ewes and the Prekos breed ewes, there is the highest content of γ-keratosis ― 28.4 and 28.7%, the total sulfur and cystine (2.9 and 2.9 and 11.2 and 11.5%), respectively. Besides that, the guard fibers contain the lowest content of both γ-keratosis (58.2%) and sulfur and cystine (2.7 and 9.0%), respectively. It has been established that different categories of fibers contain different amounts of total lipids. The smallest amounts of free lipids are found in the thin down of the Carpathian Mountain ewes (0.75%), the thin wool of the Prekos ewes (0.71%) and Ascanian ewes (0.83%), and the largest number of them is found in the semi-coarse guard fibers of the Carpathian Mountain sheep (1.39%). For bound lipids, a diametrically opposite difference was established: the largest amount of lipids was found in the thin down (1.85%), and the smallest amount — in the semi-coarse guard fibers (1.47%). In the guard fibers, the biggest amount of free lipids is accounted for the fraction of non-esterified cholesterol (64.9% versus 56.5% in the down, 57.7 in the wool of Ascanian ewes and 63.3% in the Prekos ewes), and the least of all they contain the fraction of non-esterified fatty acids (9.6%), and another sterol fraction (9.2%). The fibers of the Prekos breed sheep are noted with the lowest content of esterified cholesterol (8.9%) and the highest content of non-esterified fatty acids. But the fraction of polar lipids consists of almost 50% of ceramides and sulfolipids (more than 20%). At the same time, ceramides account for no more than 40% in the fraction of bound lipids. Physical indicators of wool to some extent reflect the peculiarities of its structure and chemical composition. Thus, the guard fibers have the highest strength (9.1 cN/tex) and fineness (48.8 μm), which is natural, because the guard has the highest content of β-keratose, i.e. cuticle, and the highest amount of lipids. Instead, the thinnest fibers are down fibers (16.9 μm) and they are the weakest (7.0 cN/tex) and these fibers contain the least β-keratose. Thus, there is a direct relationship between the content of the free lipid fraction and the fiber diameter (r = 0.996; 0.887; 0746 for down, fine and semi-coarse, respectively), and between the content of bound lipids — inverse (r = –0.993;–0.995; –0.694).

scholarly journals The relationship between changes in lipid fuel availability and tissue fructose 2,6-bisphosphate concentrations and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activities in the fed state

1988 ◽  
Vol 256 (3) ◽  
pp. 935-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
T J French ◽  
A W Goode ◽  
M J Holness ◽  
P A MacLennan ◽  
M C Sugden
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Surgical Stress ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Complex Activities ◽  
Dehydrogenase Complex

An elevated concentration of non-esterified fatty acids in the fed state elicited inhibition of cardiac, but not hepatic, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). There was a modest decline in fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P2) concentration in heart, and, to a lesser extent, in liver. Surgical stress decreased PDH activities and Fru-2,6-P2 concentrations in both heart and liver. Only the former response was abolished if postoperative lipolysis was inhibited. Surgery also decreased the [Fru-2,6-P2] in gastrocnemius: this response was abolished if lipolysis was inhibited.

scholarly journals Selected Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Eggs Laid by Hens Fed Diets with Different Levels of Hybrid Rye

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1009-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Węsierska ◽  
Katarzyna Niemczyńska ◽  
Małgorzata Pasternak ◽  
Anna Arczewska-Włosek
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Hybrid Rye ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of dietary hybrid rye on eggs laid by Isa Brown laying hens and their quality, such as physical parameters, nutritional value (basic chemical composition, cholesterol content, fatty acid profile) as well as safety (microbiological purity). A total of 72 Isa Brown hens aged 26 weeks were allocated to 3 groups fed with 0%, 15% and 25% levels of hybrid rye in their diet up to week 50. At week 50, 72 eggs per group were collected for analysis. The 25% rye level had no significant effect on most of the examined physical parameters; however, a tendency to heavier eggs in this group was noted. An increased rye level resulted in lighter yolks with a lowered share of redness and yellowness compared to those obtained from hens fed a control diet. The administration of 25% of rye in the diet influenced the basic chemical composition of the yolks by increasing the water content and reducing the fat content, but with no significant effect on the contents of ash, chlorides and cholesterol. The sum of saturated fatty acids in yolks decreased along with the increase in dietary rye level while the sum of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids increased. Moreover, a lowered ratio of ω-6: ω-3 fatty acids was found with dietary rye level increases.

The relationship between plasma non-esterified fatty acids concentration and conditions of storage

1976 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Trichopoulou ◽  
C. Kalaidzidou ◽  
A. Kalandidi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Corn germ meal as substitute for corn in the diet of confined Santa Inês sheep: chemical and lipid meat composition

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 581-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stela Antas Urbano ◽  
Marcelo de Andrade Ferreira ◽  
Marta Suely Madruga ◽  
Paulo Sérgio de Azevedo ◽  
Safira Valença Bispo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Corn Germ ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Sheep Meat ◽  
Santa Inês

The per capita consumption of sheep meat in Brazil is still small compared to meat originating from other animal species, the lipid profile of meat named as responsible for reduced consumption. Despite the influence of sex, breed, weight at slaughter and environment, diet is seen as a major factor influencing the lipid composition of sheep meat. This study evaluated the effect of replacing corn by corn germ meal (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) in the diet of Santa Inês sheep on the meat's chemical and lipid composition. Forty non-emasculated animals were distributed in a randomized block experimental design, with five treatments and eight replications, and slaughtered after 70 days of confinement. There was no influence of the substitution on the meat's chemical composition. No effects on the total saturated fatty acids (SFA) were observed, but there was a decreasing linear effect on the total monounsaturated fatty acids (MFA) and an increasing linear effect on the total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PFA). The PFA:SFA and ω-6:ω-3 ratios increased with the substitution level. Corn germ meal had no effect on the meat's chemical composition, but improved the nutritional quality of the lipid fraction, enriching it with compounds beneficial for human health.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Iran'sPistacia atlanticaCold-Pressed Oil

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saber-Tehrani ◽  
M. H. Givianrad ◽  
P. Aberoomand-Azar ◽  
S. Waqif-Husain ◽  
S. A. Jafari Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Phenolic Fraction ◽  
Pheophytin A ◽  
Pistacia Atlantica

The lipid fraction ofPistacia atlanticaseeds was extracted for the first time by means of cold-press technique and analyzed for its chemical composition. The fatty acids, sterols, triacylglycerols (TAG), tocopherols, polyphenols, and pigments were identified and their concentrations were determined by means of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC). Because of its high content of unsaturated fatty acids, it might prove to be of value in diets and it may be used as edible cooking or salad oils or for margarine manufacture.Pistacia atlanticaseed oil has the unique sterols and tocopherols content providing source of natural antioxidants. The main triacylglycerols were SLL + PLO, SOL + POO, OOLn + PLL, OOO, and SOO. This paper examined the phenolic fraction ofPistacia atlanticaseed oil. Moreover, caffeic acid followed by cinnamic acid, pinoresinol, vanillin,p-Coumaric acid, ferulic acid, ando-Coumaric acid was also determined. This paper presents the first investigation of chlorophyll's and carotene's composition inPistacia atlanticaseed oil. Furthermore, pheophytin a was the major component, followed by luteoxanthin, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, lutein, lutein isomers, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a′, and pheophytin a′ were also determined.

The relationship between post-parturient fatty liver and blood composition in dairy cows

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Reid ◽  
G. J. Rowlands ◽  
A. M. Dew ◽  
R. A. Collins ◽  
C. J. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Blood Composition ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Aspartate Amino Transferase ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYThe blood composition of 45 cows with more than 20% fat in the liver (moderate fatty liver) was compared with that of 83 cows with less than 20% fat in the liver (mild fatty liver). The cows were sampled at 1 week after calving and were from three Friesian and one Guernsey herds. Blood concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids, bilirubin and aspartate amino-transferase were significantly elevated in cows with more than 20% in the liver whereas concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, albumin and magnesium were all significantly reduced. Blood samples from cows in two of the herds were analysed for ammonia, insulin and D(-)3-hydroxybutyrate. Cows with moderate fatty liver in these two herds had significantly lower insulin concentrations and higher D(-)3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations than those with mild fatty liver. Using an equation based on blood concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids, glucose and aspartate aminotransferase it was possible to assign correctly three out of four cows to either the mild or moderate fatty liver groups.

Application Of Electron Probe Analyses Of Minerals In Discussing The Relationship Between Ductile Deformation And Metamorphism

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
Fan Guochuan ◽  
Sun Zhongshi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Shear Deformation ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Granulite Facies ◽  
Ductile Deformation ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Ductile Shear ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ductile Shear Deformation

Under influence of ductile shear deformation, granulite facies mineral paragenesis underwent metamorphism and changes in chemical composition. The present paper discusses some changes in chemical composition of garnet in hypers thene_absent felsic gnesiss and of hypersthene in rock in early and late granulite facies undergone increasing ductile shear deformation .In garnet fetsic geniss, band structures were formed because of partial melting and resulted in zoning from massive⟶transitional⟶melanocrate zones in increasing deformed sequence. The electron-probe analyses for garnet in these zones are listed in table 1 . The Table shows that Mno, Cao contents in garnet decrease swiftly from slightly to intensely deformed zones.In slightly and moderately deformed zones, Mgo contents keep unchanged and Feo is slightly lower. In intensely deformed zone, Mgo contents increase, indicating a higher temperature. This is in accord with the general rule that Mgo contents in garnet increase with rising temperature.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document