scholarly journals A toolkit for assessing the directions of budget financing of education in post-crisis conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-130
Author(s):  
Nataliia Nazukova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
State Financing ◽  
Crisis Conditions

Public financing of education is one of the most important fiscal instruments for responding to the challenges of post-pandemic economic recovery. Investments in higher and vocational education form the basis for the growth of total factor productivity, and therefore economic growth. At the same time, in the context of austerity, which will determine the directions of the budgetary policy of developing countries in the medium term, the key directions of fiscal intensification of the factors of economic growth require identification. It is proposed to include indicators of return on investments in various levels of education to the toolkit for assessing the directions of state financing of education as one of the most important factors of post-pandemic economic recovery in conditions of austerity. Differences in estimated returns from different educational levels can be taken into account in the development of public policy for financing education. The article offers an approbation for Ukraine of the approach of the Center for European Economic Research for calculating the return on investment in higher and vocational education. A feature of the proposed approach is the ability to simulate a sufficient amount of data on revenues of individuals in conditions of limited information. The calculations in the article are based, in addition to data on the level of wages of persons with higher and vocational education, on the amount of budgetary expenditures on education throughout the course of study per student, personal income tax rates, unemployment benefits and state social assistance per person. The proposed approach makes it possible to carry out scenario estimates of the return on investment in education based on macroeconomic forecasts and taking into account changes in tax legislation. It is found that in Ukraine the return on investment in higher and vocational education corresponds to the average values of the corresponding indicators for the OECD countries. The author outlines the guidelines of the proposed methodological approach and prospective areas for its application.

scholarly journals Priorities for Greening and the Sustainable Development of OECD Member Countries and Ukraine: a Comparative Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-63
Author(s):  
Olena Dovgal ◽  
Nataliia Goncharenko ◽  
Olena Reshetnyak ◽  
Georgiy Dovgal ◽  
Natalia Danko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods

The article focuses on identifying priority areas for greening and sustainable development for OECD countries and Ukraine. They aim to achieve overall progress in the interaction between the economy and the environment. Additionally, the aim is to create prerequisites for encouraging innovation and investment to find new sources of economic growth that are compatible with ecosystems that are capable of recovering from damage. It has been demonstrated that although the global goals of greening economies are relevant for all countries, they must be tailored to the regional and national specificities, as well as each country’s level of economic development. The study used general qualitative and quantitative methods of economic research, including systematic, comparative analysis, methods of logical and statistical analysis, and index method, among others. The applied theoretical and methodological approach allowed us to identify general trends in the development of environmental factors in the OECD countries and Ukraine and their impact on economic growth. Specifically, the study analyzes the current state of affairs and perspectives for greening and sustainable development based on a comprehensive assessment of the level of greening in these economies and the relationship between the internal ecological environment – assessed using the indicators of “green growth” – and their economic development. The article also justifies priorities for greening and sustainable development and suggests practical measures for their implementation. They can serve as a basis for developing a policy of effective environmental management and elaborating a national system of environmentally friendly management and administration.

Confronting Africa's Economic Downturn Through Broadband Investment

2017 ◽  
pp. 237-256
Author(s):  
Suraj Olunifesi Adekunle
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Investment Policy ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Oil Reserves

This paper examines the prospect of broadband infrastructural investment by African countries in the light of the current economic recession. It observed that oil reserves unlike before can no longer sustain economies as it is evident in some oil producing African countries presently undergoing economic recession. The paper further observed that Broadband Infrastructural investment has been employed as a counter-cyclical tool to create jobs and provide the foundation for economic recovery and long-term sustained growth by most countries that once experience recession. Hence, having observed that, there are compelling statistics which show that there is a correlation between broadband and economic growth, the study is of the opinion that broadband infrastructural deployment in developing countries especially in Africa can help guaranty speedy recovery from economic recession and help ensure sustainable development. However, to ensure maximum return on investment, there is need for a robust Broadband Investment Policy Framework.

Non-standard functions and structures of ministries of finance under economic challenges: A case study of Western governments

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 2448-2471
Author(s):  
S.V. Anureev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Budget Process

Subject. This article examines the functions and management structures of central financial bodies and related parliamentary and governmental structures in Australia, Canada, Great Britain, Japan, Germany, France and Italy. Objectives. The article aims to identify non-standard functions and structures that go beyond the classical responsibility of finance ministries as a central part of the budget process arising from current economic challenges. Methods. For the study, I used a comparative analysis. Results. The article describes the important new functions of financial authorities and treasuries of Western governments aimed at economic growth and economic recovery. Conclusions. The organizational and management structures and functions of the ministries of finance go far beyond the budget process, overlap with and dominate the functions of central banks and ministries of economic development.

Foreign Trade Regimes and Economic Development: TURKEY. By Anne O. Kneger. New York : Columbia University Press 1975. (Published by the National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc., New York) xxiii + 339 pp. Price $ 17.50 for hard cover ; $ 5.00 for paperback.

1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-380
Author(s):  
Javed Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
New York ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Exchange Control

The book is the first of a series of studies on Exchange Control, Liberalization and Economic Development sponsored by the National Bureau of Economic Research, New York. The ten-country study, of which the book under review is a part, provides an in-depth analysis of three major areas : The anatomy of exchange control along with its implications, the episode of the liberalization of the payments regime, and the relationship of growth with the exchange control regime. The findings of the individual country-studies have been consolidated in an overall synthesis. However, each study is complete in itself in accordance with the needs of scholars having an interest in only some of the studies. The book under review seeks to analyse Turkey's trade and payments regime and the effect that the latter has had on the country's economic growth. Whereas quite a few other factors are instrumental in development (e.g. agricultural productivity, levels of education, political and social stability, etc.), the focus on foreign trade alone is justified by the author on the grounds of the tremendous amount of government influence in foreign trade. Moreover, the author believes that an intensive study of the trade-growth relationship is more rewarding than: a general survey of all factors related to economic growth.

Some Factors in Growth Reconsidered by Robert Eisner, (Lecture Series No. 21). Athens: Center of Planning and Economic Research, 1966. pp.63.

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-547
Author(s):  
Gunnar Floystad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Employment Level ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Lecture Series ◽  
Sustained Rate

Eisner's book contains two lectures which were read at the Center of Planning and Economic Research in Athens. In his first lecture the author raises the question: does a higher level of employment contribute to a more rapid, sustained rate of economic growth? A number of economists, including P.A. Samuelson, A.W. Philips and Harry Johnson, have argued that the positive relation between employment and growth is a transitory phenomenon which occurs only when the employment level changes. By using a simple model of the Harrod-Domar type he shows that the higher the level of employment or, more exactly, the higher the proportion of the labour force employed the greater will be the percentage rate of growth of output.

Higher Vocational Education in China in Response to the Changing Needs of the Labour Market beyond 2000

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Open Door ◽  
Higher Vocational Education ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Top Executives ◽  
Management Personnel ◽  
Education In China

The People's Republic of China (PRC) announced its ‘Open Door’ in 1980. Foreign investors have started up their enterprises in China largely with the help of imported expertise — top executives, management personnel, and even technicians in these companies are, with the exception of a few senior managers assigned by Chinese partners, very predominantly expatriates. In addition, educational institutions in the PRC have long been criticized for their failure to provide expertise for economic growth. Reforms in higher vocational education are needed in order for China to cope with her economic growth beyond 2000.

Skills shortage may hit Australia's post-COVID growth

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
General Election ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
General Increase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Skills Shortage ◽  
Key Industries ◽  
Skills Shortages

Significance The closing of internal and external borders in response to COVID-19 has heightened a longstanding skills deficit in key industries, with implications for wage levels, prices and broader economic growth. However, a general increase in immigrant numbers may not provide the skills that are needed. Impacts Labour shortfalls may delay government infrastructure projects that were designed to lead the post-pandemic economic recovery. Foreign investment may be affected by skills shortages in key areas such as mining and metallurgy. Debate on immigration levels could influence voting in the general election that is now likely to be held in April.

scholarly journals The evaluation of project-based learning in Malaysia: propose a new framework for polytechnics system

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadrina Sadrina ◽  
Ramlee Mustapha ◽  
Muhammad Ichsan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Traditional Lecture ◽  
Significant Aspect ◽  
Lecture Method ◽  
New Framework

Technical and Vocational Education is one of the various disciplines that believed could encourage the country’s economic growth. Project-Based Learning or PBL was introduced in the Malaysian polytechnics curriculum in terms to produce creative and innovative graduates Thus, Project-Based Learning was introduced because of the ineffectiveness of the traditional lecture method. This study was a kind of descriptive study intended to examine the perception of students and supervisors regarding the Project-Based Learning at one Polytechnic in Malaysia. A population of 170 would be represented by a sample size of 118 respondents and 43 supervisors to participate in the study. The result found that the significant aspect to be included in Project-Based Learning is effective supervising skills. However, from the data, some supervisors have no proficiency skills of Project-Based Learning. Based on the empirical data which derived from the present study, a new framework for Project-Based Learning is suggested for the polytechnics system.

scholarly journals Grand investment of tourism sector effort to make many villas and hotels for expanding work opportunities on budgeting

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Ni Nyoman Sunariani ◽  
A. A. Istri A. Maheswari ◽  
A. A. Gde Putra Pemayun
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Social Unrest ◽  
The People ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economic Standpoint

This research discussed grand investment tourism sector efforts to increase the number of villas and hotels to expand employment opportunities in the   Sub-district of Ubud Bali." affect the economic growth of a region. The main problem is how is the tourism sector's grand investment effort to increase the number of villas and hotels to expand employment opportunities in the Sub-district of Ubud Bali? High levels of unemployment can increase the amount of crime and increase social unrest. If examined further, from an economic standpoint, if many foreign and local investments are realized then job opportunities are wide open for the people in the area and other regions so that people's income rises by itself. The government is trying to create vocational education that aims to produce a quality and superior workforce in all sectors. Investment activities are the use of a sum of money in the hope of obtaining benefits and can plan their financing and implementation as a unit of activity within a certain period of time. Expenditure on investment costs is done once and only produces benefits a few years later.

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