Hungary may end up in sustained rate-hiking cycle

Headline HUNGARY: Sustained rate-hiking cycle is likely

Injectable in situ gelling delivery system for the treatment of jawbone infections

Aim: A polymeric in situ gelling delivery system for localized and sustained delivery to jawbone infections was developed. Materials & methods: In situ gelling delivery systems were prepared using either poly-dl-lactic acid or chitosan and Pluronic F127/Pluronic F68. Metronidazole nanoparticles were prepared using poly (dl-lactide-co-glycolide) or chitosan. Poly (dl-lactide-co-glycolide) was used for microparticles. Particles were characterized for size, charge and morphology. Results: Viscosity and yield stress of the gels were 0.4 Pa.s and 2 Pa, respectively, with 70% cell viability over 72 h. Around 90% of loaded metronidazole was released at a sustained rate over 1 week. Conclusion: Use of appropriate amount of nano/microparticles in the gel resulted in a sustained release over a period of 1 week – needed for jawbone infection.

Morphodynamic equilibrium of lowland river systems during autoretreat

Lowland river systems (with channel slopes of 10−5 to 10−4) inevitably shift away (retreat upstream) from the receiving basin under a sustained rate of base-level rise, even if the system can maintain a period of advance at the onset of rise. This autogenic pattern of transition from progradation to retrogradation through steady base-level rise and sediment supply is termed “autoretreat.” Using a morphodynamic model of autoretreat, this study explored the varying channel hydrodynamics of lowland fluvial systems and associated stratigraphic record under sustained base-level rise and constant sediment supply. Results from the numerical simulations show that a fluvial system will reach a state of dynamic equilibrium during autoretreat where both the backwater length and the morphodynamic adjustment of the downdip channel profile become steady. Moreover, when this dynamic equilibrium state is realized, simulated systems display a persistent twofold downstream deepening of flow depth across the backwater zone, a pattern that is also present in many natural systems. In general, backwater effects play a key role in the morphodynamics of a lowland fluvial-deltaic system during autoretreat, and this hydrodynamic condition is therefore critical for predicting river responses to sea-level change.

Importance of Nanocarriers and Probiotics in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory chronic disease primarily affecting the colonic mucosa; the extent and severity of colon involvement are variable. In its most limited form, it may be restricted to the distal rectum, while in its most extended form the entire colon is involved. Ulcerative colitis is identified by mucus diarrhea, tenesmus, bowel distension, and anemia. 5-aminosalicylic acid drugs, steroids, and immunosuppressant are used for therapy of ulcerative colitis. The annual occurrence of disease in Asia, America, and Europe was estimated to be 6.3, 19.2 and 24.3 per 100,000 people-years. The main challenges in the management of the diseaseare drug-related side-effects and local targeting. To overcome these challenges probiotics and micro and Nano particulate system auspicious approaches to overcome drug-related adverse side effect and local targeting. Upon ingestion, the probiotics can result in health beneficial effects. Probiotics are mainly used as gut modulators but are also now days explored for their use in ulcerative colitis. Micro and Nano particulate drug delivery system have been achieving huge importance for targeting of the drug to colon locally at a controlled and sustained rate. The main objective of this article is to explore probiotics and micro and nano particulate approaches for the suitable targeting and overcome the drug-associated side effect. Keywords: Inflammatory chronic disease, probiotics, micro and Nano particulate.

Long term effects of bioactive glass particulates on dental pulp stem cells in vitro

Bioactive glasses (BG) are known for their ability to induce bone formation by the action of their dissolution products. Glasses can deliver active ions at a sustained rate, determined by their composition and surface area. Nanoporous sol-gel derived BGs can biodegrade rapidly, which can lead to a detrimental burst release of ions and a pHrise. The addition of phosphate into the glass can buffer the pH during dissolution. Here, dissolution of BG with composition 60 mol% SiO

Use of a fever fast track tool to reduce time to antibiotic dose in febrile pediatric oncology patients.

222 Background: Given the risk of serious bacterial infection in immunocompromised cancer patients, fever should be promptly treated with empiric antibiotics. Our institutional standard is to administer antibiotics in ≤ 60 minutes from on-site fever or from arrival time with known fever. Review of our febrile outpatient pediatric oncology clinic patients from October-December 2013 revealed that 53% met this metric. Our aim: To achieve a sustained rate of 80% of febrile patients receiving antibiotics in ≤ 60 minutes within 8 weeks. Methods: We developed and implemented a fever fast track tool in our pediatric oncology clinic. Providers time stamped each step in the process from fever to antibiotic administration; additional time points were collected from the medical record. Interviews with staff were conducted to identify barriers. Five revisions of the fever fast track tool were made. We also streamlined same-day encounters for febrile patients in order to flag their acute visits and facilitate pre-arrival order entry. Results: 21 patients were treated for fever between 2/26/14 and 4/17/14. 4 fevers were documented in clinic. Time to antibiotics ranged from 23 minutes to 165 minutes. The median time to antibiotic administration was reduced from 58 minutes during the first four weeks to 40 minutes after the second 4-week block. Over the same period, patients receiving antibiotics in ≤ 60 minutes increased from 62% to 88%. Conclusions: Use of a fever fast track tool improved the proportion of febrile patients receiving antibiotics in ≤ 60 minutes. Modifications facilitating antibiotic order entry and pre-arrival awareness of febrile patients should prove helpful in sustaining this success.

Nanoparticles and their Therapeutic Applications in Pharmacy

Nanotechnology is providing solutions several pharma-ceutical drug delivery issues. With the emergence of nanotechnology, researchers become more interested in studying the unique properties of nanoscale materials. Nanoparticles are attractive tool in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. These particulate systems have been used as a physical approach to alter and improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of various types of drug/proteins. Nanoparticles have been used in-vivo to protect the drug/proteins molecules in the systemic circulation, targeting of the drug to the chosen sites and to deliver the drug at a controlled and sustained rate to the site of action. Various types polymers have been used in the formulation of nanoparticles for drugs, proteins, and hormone delivery are discussed in this article. It also describes various methods of preparation, advantages, disadvantages and their applications in biomedical fields. It provides an overview of characterization of nanoparticles, storage, and commercially available nanoformulations.