scholarly journals An experience of obtaining mature eggs of the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii (Brandt, 1869)) in non-traditional period

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
S. Pashko ◽  
◽  
M. Pashko ◽  
O. Tretiak ◽  
O. Kolos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Siberian Sturgeon ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Gonad Maturation ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Egg Maturation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Brood Fish

Purpose. To investigate the peculiarities of obtaining ovulated eggs of the Siberian sturgeon in hatchery conditions in non-traditional (winter) period and determine major features of brood fish used for the experiments. Methodology. The material for the study were age-10+ Siberian sturgeon females with body weights of 6.20-8.24 kg grown in conditions of floating cages in a water body with natural temperature regime of the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. The experiments were conducted with a regulated water temperature regime in the third decade of January with the use of natural gonadotropic drugs for the stimulation of egg maturation in fish. Brood fish were prepared for the experiment in the recirculating aquaculture system. Measurement of fisheries parameters and study of physicochemical factors of the aquatic medium were performed according to generally accepted methods. Experiment results were assessed statistically using standard software. Findings. With water temperature of 14-15оС, depending on the dosage of the gonadotropic drug, different efficiencies of gonad maturation in experimental groups of fish were detected. More than 85% of females matured after dosing of gonadotropic drugs 3.5 and 4.5 mg / kg. In the version with a minimum dose of gonadotropic substance 2.5 mg / kg responded positively to hormonal stimulation 57% of females. The average weight of eggs obtained in some groups of brood fish was 819.5-1079.0 g. Average working fecundity and relative working fecundity in experimental groups of the Siberian sturgeon females varied within 47.95-52.64 thousand eggs and 6.93-7.17 thousand eggs/kg of fish body weight, respectively. The duration of maturation after the second (resolving) administration of the gonadotropic drug until the moment of the occurrence of the ovulation process varied mainly within 15-20 hours. Originality. The peculiarities of obtaining mature eggs of the Siberian sturgeon with the use of methods of industrial reproduction of sturgeons, which are new for the aquaculture of Ukraine, were studied. Practical value. The study results are of interest for the development of modern methods of sturgeon aquaculture in conditions of fish farms of industrial type. Key words: brood Siberian sturgeon, industrial aquaculture, non-traditional technologies, eggs, ovulation, fisheries parameters.

scholarly journals Some results of winter keeping of paddlefish young-of-the-year (Polyodon spathula (Walbaum, 1792)) in ponds of the Forest-Steppe and Polesye of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
B. Hankevych ◽  
◽  
O. Tretiak ◽  
O. Kolos ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Young Of The Year

Purpose. Assessing the results of winter keeping of paddlefish young-of-the-year in ponds of the Forest-steppe and Polesye of Ukraine. Methodology. The study was carried out using 0.05-1.0 ha ponds intended for winter keeping of carps. The stocking density of paddlefish young-of-the-year with an average weight of 94.2-147.2 g in wintering ponds was 4.10-16.63 thousand fish/ha. The study of the physicochemical parameters of the aquatic environment was carried out according to the methods generally accepted in hydrochemistry and fish farming. The main piscicultural-biological parameters during the wintering period of fish were assessed using methods commonly used in ichthyology and fish farming according to the level of survival and body weight loss of paddlefish. Findings. The environmental conditions in the ponds during most of the wintering period of fish met the biological requirements of the studied object of cultivation. The water temperature varied within 0.9-6.50C. The dissolved oxygen content in water did not fall below 3.6-3.8 mgO2/dm3 and was mainly at the level of 3.9-7.9 3.9-7.2 mgO2/dm3. Other hydrochemical parameters were within acceptable values ​​for wintering fish in pond conditions. As a result, the survival rate of paddlefish young-of-the-year during the wintering period was 81.5-89.7%. The body weight loss of fish during the winter keeping was on average in the range of 6.41-8.17%. A conclusion was made on the need to conduct additional studies of physiological and biochemical parameters of paddlefish during the wintering period. Originality. New data were obtained on the peculiarities of wintering of paddlefish seeds in ponds of the Forest-steppe and Polesye of Ukraine. Practical value. The study results are part of the database for the development of improved technologies for sturgeon breeding in Ukraine. Key words: paddlefish, fish seeds, pond aquaculture, fish wintering, environmental conditions, piscicultural parameters.

Development of industrial scale reproduction in male sturgeons using Volga sterlet population as an example

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Vera Aleksandrovna Iliasova ◽  
Evgeny Alekseevich Melchenkov ◽  
Vera Veniaminovna Kalmykova ◽  
Elena Anatolyevna Danilova ◽  
Artur Alekseevich Archibasov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Industrial Enterprise ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Gonad Maturation ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Study Results

The article describes special aspects of reproduction system development in male sturgeons using Volga sterlet population as an example (Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus, 1758) within industrial enterprise of the Konakovskiy coarse fishery branch of the FSBSI Russian Federation Research Institute Of Fishery and Oceanography (VNIRO). The study results showed that gonad maturation stage I–II is completed at the age of 2 years if the total thermal constant is at least 11 thousand degree-days. Cytological sex differentiation occurs in the formed gland and begins at the age of three years if the thermal constant is more than 15 thousand degree-days. The onset of cytological differentiation can be determined by spermatogenesis waves characterised by intensive development of the male gonad III–VI maturity stages. Semelparity is typical for sturgeons, thus, the wave of spermatogenesis is seasonal, which indicates their limited participation in the spawning season at fish farms with natural water temperature. The knowledge of reproductive system development aspects in male sturgeons as illustrated by Volga sterlet population in the setting of industrial enterprise allows improving the practice of spermatogenesis process management at industrial farms ensuring the production of reproductive products of high fish-breeding quality at the time required for the enterprise. Considering the thermal constants made up by sterlet (males) spawners, it is possible to synchronise fish breeding processes (cycles) when receiving reproductive products from female sterlet and ensure repeated production of reproductive products from the same males in the settings of farms with controlled water temperature (throughout a calendar year). English version of the article is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/process-of-development-of-the-reproductive-system-in-male-sturgeon-in-industrial-conditions-on-the-example-of-the-sterlet-of-the-volga-population/68305.html

scholarly journals Influence of beech forests fragmentation of Stilsky Hillside on their microclimatic parameters

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Oleg Оrlov ◽  
Maryna Ragulina
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Edge Effect ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Regime Changes ◽  
Interior Forest ◽  
Floristic Structure ◽  
Sensitive Marker

Estimation of changes in the microclimatic parameters of beech forests of the Stilsky Hillside, by measuring the water-temperature indicators of the soil regime and bryoindication, were performed. Fragmentation of forest causes significant changes in microclimatic parameters in bondary habitats areas, which leads to both biodiversity loss and a decrease of the unchanged forest areas. In fragmented beech forests, the influence of the edge effect on the water-temperature regime of soils is observed within a distance of 20-40 meters, but the eco-floristic structure of nemoral moss vegetation is stabilized only at a distance from 160 m. Thus, bryobiontes are a shown to be a sensitive marker of the microclimatic regime changes in a fragmented ecosystem. In the studied beeches Metzgeria furcata, Radula complanata, Anomodon attenuatus, A. viticulosus, Cirriphyllum crassinervium are indicators of the "interior forest". The determined amplitude of the edge effect indicates the fragmentation as a crucial factor on the small areas of forest and its role in the loss of climate-sensitive groups of biota, primarily mosses.

scholarly journals Weather Factors and Their Influence on the Adaptive Properties of Winter Wheat Varieties in the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Maria Zapisotska ◽  
Olexandra Voloshchuk ◽  
Ihor Voloshchuk ◽  
Valentyna Hlyva
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Field Germination ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

The yield potential of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is formed in changing weather conditions and depends on the proposed agro-technological measures, to which the response of a particular variety is different. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of weather factors on the field germination of soft winter wheat seeds, the growth and development of plants in the autumn and wintering in the zone of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, by sowing high-quality basic seed, careful soil preparation and the presence of optimum environmental factors. A sufficient level of productive soil moisture, which protects young shoots from possible deficiency after germination and is a long-term source of moisture at the next stages of organogenesis, has a great influence on obtaining friendly and timely shoots. Often overwintering conditions, when plants suffer from low negative temperatures at the beginning and at the end of the winter period, ground ice crust, resumption of vegetation in winter are the causes of freezing, loss, and ultimately a decrease in yield and seed quality. It has been confirmed that an increase in the temperature regime in 244-247°C in the autumn-winter period and the optimal amount of precipitation contribute to sufficient (31.6-34.6 mm) productive soil moisture (0-20 cm), which positively influences the process of germination of soft winter wheat, provides a high percentage of field germination of seeds of varieties (93.8-94.5%), lengthens the autumn development of plants by 3-12 days, which causes 3.5-5.7% higher accumulation of sugar content in the tillering nodes and a high percentage of overwintering (up to 95.5-96.4%). Varieties of the forest-steppe ecological type of soft winter wheat have insignificant phenotypic variability of adaptive traits, therefore, in the production of grain and seed products, it is recommended to give preference to the plant varieties listed in the Register, suitable for distribution in Ukraine for the Forest-Steppe zone, Polissya. The recommendations set out in this scientific work will help agricultural producers of the studied soil and climatic zone to carry out an effective, more ecologically plastic, highly productive variety replacement

scholarly journals ONTOGENESIS AND AGE STRUCTURE OF ADONIS VERNALIS L. POPULATIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (387) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
G.J. Sultangazina ◽  
◽  
А.N. Kuprijanov ◽  
О.А. Kuprijanov ◽  
R.S. Beyshov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Recovery Index ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Current Article

The current article presents study results made on the coenoflora of Adonis vernalis L. in Northern Kazakhstan. The materials have been gathered in the course of field research taking into account the literary data. Ontogenesis and age structure of the coenopopulations are provided on the basis of detailed-route studies. The study of age-related stages was carried out on the territory of Northern Kazakhstan (Akmola and North Kazakhstan regions) in 2018-2019. A. vernalis is a short-stem grassy polycarpic plant, it is represented in Northern Kazakhstan by the populations of dry meadows (Kokshetau Upland) and real meadows (the forest-steppe of North Kazakhstan region). Ontogenesis of A. vernalis has three periods and 7 age stages. Plants have low seed productivity. Seeds have a long endogenous peace related to the underdevelopment of a seed germ. A characteristic feature is the presence of a long pregenerative period in plants of the "steppe" type coenopopulations and its reduction in the "meadow" type coenopopulations. There have been studied thirteen coenopopulations of A. vernalis located in Akmola and North Kazakhstan regions. Coenopopulations of A. vernalis are bound to four main habitats: forest edges, meadow steppes, meadows, artificial plantations. By age, young populations are formed on forest edges, and according to the "delta - omega" classification, there are mature coenopopulations. Mature coenopopulations are mostly formed in meadow steppes, but according to the "delta - omega" classification, all coenopopulations are aging. On meadows, there are many young coenopopulations, but according to the "delta - omega" classification, they are all mature. In artificial plantings, the majority of coenopopulations are aging, but according to the "delta - omega" classification, they are all mature. Thus, changes in habitual living conditions lead to the aging of A. vernalis coenopopulations. By density (pcs/100 m2) all populations are divided into three groups: high, medium, low. All forest edge coenopopulations have a high density, in meadow steppes, the density is average, on meadows and in artificial plantings it is low. The recovery index in most coenopopulations is less than one which indicates a low recovery in A. vernalis populations. The range of age stages shows that in most coenopopulations they are normal, the exception is CP-5 (among artificial plantings) which indicates an old stage of the population and possibly its soon elimination.

Evaluation of the disintegrant property of co-processed sorghum starch-silicon dioxide excipient in chlorpheniramine orodispersible tablets

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
S.T. Noma ◽  
◽  
B.A. Tytler ◽  
A.K. Olowosulu ◽  
Z.S. Yahaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Chlorpheniramine Maleate ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry Study ◽  
Sodium Starch Glycolate ◽  
Orodispersible Tablets ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Croscarmellose Sodium

Background: Fast dissolving or orodispersible tablets are highly desirablein groups such as children, uncooperative, nauseated, or those on reduced water intake to ease the difficulties associated with swallowing the conventional solid dosage forms. Objectives: The work aimed to evaluate the disintegrant property of sorghum starch-silicon dioxide co-processed mixture in the formulation of chlorpheniramine orodispersible tablets. Method: Different batches of orodispersible tablets of chlorpheniramine maleate (4 mg) were prepared by direct compression method using Avicel® as a bulking agent and four different types of disintegrants (sorghum starch, co-processed sorghum starch-colloidal silicon dioxide, sodium starch glycolate and croscarmellose sodium) at varying concentrations (5, 10 and 20 %). The formulated tablets were subjected to weight variation test, thickness, crushing strength, friability test, wetting time, water absorption ratio, disintegration test and in-vitro dissolution study. Results: For tablets above 250 mg, it is expected that not more than two tablets should deviate from the average weight by 5% and none should deviate by more than 10%, all the formulations yielded tablets within this specification. The disintegration time of tablets containing 10% of disintegrants was all less than 60 s except those containing sorghum starch (SS) which took a long time. Similarly, the time taken to release 50 % of the drug (t50%) for tablets containing 10% sorghum starch was 25 s, 5 s for tablets containing 10% sorghum starch-colloidal silicon dioxide excipient and 8 s for tablets containing 10% of either croscarmellose sodium or sodium starch glycolate. The differential scanning calorimetry study results suggested that the drug and the excipient are compatible. Conclusion: The results show that sorghum starch-silicon dioxide co-processed mixture can be used as an alternative to croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycolate in orodispersible tablet formulations.

INTAKE, EXCRETION, AND RETENTION OF STABLE STRONTIUM

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-705
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Strontium Content ◽  
Calcium Retention ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Discrimination Factors

The average daily strontium intake by 25 infants observed for consecutive periods of approximately 7 months each was 0.60 mg, at a strontium/calcium ratio of 1.24 mg per gram. The amount of strontium and the strontium/calcium ratio in the diet varied widely, which suggests that extensive sampling is needed to obtain representative values for a large population. Milk and formula supplied most of the dietary strontium, but other components of the diet–especially water–contained appreciable amounts of strontium. Average strontium concentrations and strontium/calcium ratios are given for individual infant foods. Strontium balances were obtained for 10 infants in 56 28-day periods. Average corrected intake, fecal excretion, urinary excretion, and retention were 0.66, 0.50, 0.068, and 0.086 mg per day, respectively. Strontium/calcium ratios were 1.46, 2.08, 3.16, and 0.50 mg per gram, respectively. The ratios show strontium to be less readily absorbed and retained than calcium and more effectively excreted in urine. Strontium intake and fecal excretion increased gradually with age, but urinary excretion and retention remained constant. Strontium fecal excretion varied linearly with strontium intake, and strontium urinary excretion was proportional to the square root of the product of calcium intake and urinary excretion. There was a small but significant correlation between strontium and calcium retention. The strontium/calcium ratio in retained material, however, showed no correlation with the strontium/calcium ratio in the diet, so that the ORbody/diet was not constant. In a supporting study, strontium/calcium ratios were measured in bones of Cincinnati infants. Average values for a total of 44 samples were 0.29 ± 0.018 mg per gram at average age 1 day, 0.30 ± 0.013 mg per gram at 34 days, and 0.38 ± 0.029 mg per gram at 190 days. A simple compartment strontium model was constructed by combining information from the calcium and strontium balances in this study, results of several published tracer calcium studies, and average strontium/calcium ratios measured in the bones of Cincinnati infants. The compartments consisted of an exchangeable pool and of non-exchangeable bone, as proposed in several models for adults. For the 10 infants whose strontium balances were obtained, the model coefficients yielded strontium half lives of approximately 2 and 300 days, an ORbody/diet of 0.34 and an ORbone/diet of 0.27 for an average age of 148 days and an average weight of 7.5 kg. Coefficients estimated for a model pertaining to all 30 infants differed only slightly in detail from those for the 10-infant subgroup. Coefficients estimated at 30-day age increments between ages 30 and 300 days indicated that the two characteristic strontium half lives increased gradually with age, and provided an extrapolated strontium body burden at age 1 year of 36 mg or 0.43 mg per gram calcium. The average strontium/calcium ratio in the diet of the infants under study was higher than values reported for surveys of infants' diets in other areas. The ratio in bones collected at Cincinnati was also higher than that reported for other locations. The ORbody/diet in this study was consistent with values obtained in Argentine, British, and other United States' surveys. The discrimination factors and observed ratios that were measured directly or inferred from the model were generally similar to values accepted for adults. Discrimination against strontium relative to calcium occurred during both absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and renal clearance. In summary, this study describes the strontium content of an average infant diet that was freely selected by 30 parents and their pediatricians, and strontium balances for 10 of these infants. Because of ad libitum dietary intake, strontium and calcium consumption varied from period to period, and the effect of strontium and calcium intakes and intake ratios on strontium retention could be evaluated. Variations in the retention of strontium among infants were related to variations in calcium retention. The ORbody/diet, although convenient for predicting average strontium/calcium ratios in retention from average intake ratios, was not useful in predicting variations in retention among the infants. Coefficients for a simple compartment model were derived to compare the infant to the adult and to compute radiostrontium turnover. Balance studies with constant diets at several calcium and strontium levels to test the constancy of the ORbody/diet were suggested, as well as double-tracer experiments with short-lived radiocalcium and radiostrontium at low doses to evaluate the models.

scholarly journals Recharge Impulse Spreading in Western Carpathian’s Mountainous Fissure–Karst Aquifer

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malík ◽  
Coplák ◽  
Kuvik ◽  
Švasta
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Time Shift ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Spring Discharge ◽  
Groundwater Flux

: Foreseen construction of a highway tunnel in the northern part of the Veľká Fatra Mts. (Slovakia) triggered the need for extensive hydrogeological investigations. The projected tunnel axis would cut through a large body buildup of Middle Triassic carbonate rocks. Dolomites and limestones with fissure–karstic permeability are surrounded by less-permeable marls, so that all springs dewatering this uplifted plate of carbonates are found above the erosion base on its edges. Detailed, hourly-based discharge monitoring of all four major springs was performed during the spring and summer period of 2014. In the meantime, groundwater table observations in two boreholes, located in the center of the fissure–karst aquifer, were run in the same time interval. Based on air temperature and precipitation records, the 2013–2014 winter period was practically without snow cover. In the middle of March 2014, an intense rainfall event caused a sudden rise of the groundwater table in the TK-04 borehole located in the southern part of the carbonate plate. Spreading of this singular hydraulic impulse throughout the structure was differently registered at individual springs within the time shift span of 1.38 to 65.25 days. Groundwater level rise of 0.40 m in the TK-04 borehole was postponed in 5.33 days. The response time of spring discharge to sudden groundwater table rise within the structure occurred later at springs with a higher water temperature. Water temperature differences between individual springs were still within the 2.46 °C narrow interval (5.57–8.03 °C). The vertical component of groundwater flux should play an important role even in a relatively simple, plate-shaped mountainous karstic aquifer fully uplifted above the erosional base, as was the case of the investigated Kopa Mt. hydrogeological structure.

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