scholarly journals Weather Factors and Their Influence on the Adaptive Properties of Winter Wheat Varieties in the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Maria Zapisotska ◽  
Olexandra Voloshchuk ◽  
Ihor Voloshchuk ◽  
Valentyna Hlyva
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Field Germination ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

The yield potential of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is formed in changing weather conditions and depends on the proposed agro-technological measures, to which the response of a particular variety is different. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of weather factors on the field germination of soft winter wheat seeds, the growth and development of plants in the autumn and wintering in the zone of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, by sowing high-quality basic seed, careful soil preparation and the presence of optimum environmental factors. A sufficient level of productive soil moisture, which protects young shoots from possible deficiency after germination and is a long-term source of moisture at the next stages of organogenesis, has a great influence on obtaining friendly and timely shoots. Often overwintering conditions, when plants suffer from low negative temperatures at the beginning and at the end of the winter period, ground ice crust, resumption of vegetation in winter are the causes of freezing, loss, and ultimately a decrease in yield and seed quality. It has been confirmed that an increase in the temperature regime in 244-247°C in the autumn-winter period and the optimal amount of precipitation contribute to sufficient (31.6-34.6 mm) productive soil moisture (0-20 cm), which positively influences the process of germination of soft winter wheat, provides a high percentage of field germination of seeds of varieties (93.8-94.5%), lengthens the autumn development of plants by 3-12 days, which causes 3.5-5.7% higher accumulation of sugar content in the tillering nodes and a high percentage of overwintering (up to 95.5-96.4%). Varieties of the forest-steppe ecological type of soft winter wheat have insignificant phenotypic variability of adaptive traits, therefore, in the production of grain and seed products, it is recommended to give preference to the plant varieties listed in the Register, suitable for distribution in Ukraine for the Forest-Steppe zone, Polissya. The recommendations set out in this scientific work will help agricultural producers of the studied soil and climatic zone to carry out an effective, more ecologically plastic, highly productive variety replacement

scholarly journals Source material for breeding soft winter wheat in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00189
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Zakharova ◽  
Nikolai Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

The source material is the initial link of the selection process of any crop. A careful study of it in specific environmental conditions largely determines the effectiveness of breeding activities. The paper presents the results of a study of 102 cultivars of soft winter wheat of various ecological and geographical origin in terms of the yield, winter hardiness, the plant height, the duration of the growing season, the resistance to the frit fly. The sources of individual and a complex of economically valuable indicators were identified and recommended as the source material for breeding use in the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region. In the winter wheat selection for high winter hardiness, the varieties Omskaya 6, Bagrationovskaya, Novosibirskaya 32, Novosibirskaya 51, Biyskaya Ozimaya, Filatovka, Kulundinka, Poema (Russia), Banga (Latvia), Emoile (Bulgaria), Myropol, Mykolayvka, Dashenka, Kalyanova, Lytavinka, Vinnychanka, Manzheliya, Khersonska bezostaya (Ukraine), Xiao Yan 107, Zhong Pin 1535 (China) are of great interest. Highly productive varieties are Victoria 95, Poema, Biyskaya Ozimaya (Russia), Zamozhnist, Kalyanova, Yasnogorka (Ukraine). Varieties Vdachna, Shestopalivka, Myropol (Ukraine), Svilena, Emoile (Bulgaria), KS 96 WGRC 37, KS 96 WGRC 40, Pacer (USA), Kitami 46 (Japan) XiaoYan 6, Ji Mai 30, Ji Mai 36 (China) are characterized by early ripeness. Short-stalked wheat varieties are Cameo (Russia), Ninka (Ukraine), Ji Mai 18 (China), Kitami 35 (Japan). Highly resistant varieties to the frit fly are Donskaya 50, Dominanta, Poema (Russia), Yasnogorka (Ukraine), Orienta, KS 96 WGRC34, KS 96 WGRC40 (USA), Xiao Yan 7, Zhong Pin 1507, Zhong Pin 1535 (China), Kitami 35 (Japan). Reliable correlations between winter hardiness and productivity, winter hardiness and plant height, plant height and productivity of soft winter wheat were established, which is of practical importance both for crop breeding and for its production use.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF PRECURSES AND SOWING DATE ON OVER-WINTERING AND WINTER WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY UNDER CHANGING REGIONAL CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Rezeda Sharipova ◽  
Robert Hakimov ◽  
Natal'ya Hakimova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Phase Form ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Ulyanovsk Region ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Viable Seeds

The research was carried out in order to determine the optimal time for sowing winter wheat according to various predecessors in the changing climate of Volga forest-steppe. The work was carried out in 2013–2019 in Ulyanovsk region on heavy loamy leached chernozem using conventional techniques. The experimental scheme provided for the study of two predecessors (peas and pure fallow) of winter soft wheat of Marafon variety, sown at 6 sowing dates with an interval of 10 days (from August 20 to October 10). The seeding rate for pure fallow is 5.0 million viable seeds per hectare, for peas - 5.5 million viable seeds per hectare. Average annual air temperature for 1961–2018 increased by 1.8°С. Its most significant increase was noted in the last twenty-five year period of time in the winter months. The increase in the frequency of extremely warm winters and temperature variability in the winter period significantly changed the conditions for overwintering winter crops. The danger of the development of wintering weeds, damping diseases, and soaking of winter crops has increased, and the conditions for overwintering pests have improved. It is possible to mitigate the danger of the natural and climatic vulnerability of crops during the wintering period by observing the optimal sowing dates, which should be postponed to a later period (7 ... 12 days), compared with the previously recommended ones. The optimal sowing period for winter wheat in Ulyanovsk region is from August 30 to September 10. Earlier crops are more intensively affected by diseases (powdery mildew and brown rust), and later crops, which have left in the winter in the germination phase, form a low density, form a small ear and provide low productivity or completely die

scholarly journals Variability of elements of yield structure and yield of winter wheat varieties depending from pre-sowing calibration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kyluk ◽  
◽  
O. Onoprienko ◽  
N. Syplyva ◽  
A. Gaidai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Climatic Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Seed Material ◽  
Middle Fraction ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The article substantiates the need to improve the elements of technology for growing varieties of soft winter wheat, taking into account the size of the seed material and weather conditions of the growing season. It is determined that along with varietal properties, the use of pre-prepared seeds for sowing has an impact on its sowing properties, field germination, growth and development of plants, their formation of elements of productivity and grain yield. The study was conducted on five registered varieties of soft winter wheat 'Tsarychanka', 'Karmelyuk', 'Sidir Kovpak', 'Dykanka' and 'Sanzhara' in the agro-climatic zone of the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The results of research showed that the highest field germination of seeds have the variety 'Karmelyuk' for sowing shallow and medium fraction of seeds (94 and 90%, respectively), and the variety 'Dykanka' - sowing medium and large fraction (95 and 86%, respectively). The percentage of germination of seeds of varieties 'Tsarychanka', 'Sanzhara' is almost at the same level 82 and 89, respectively. The highest indicators of elements of structure of an ear are found at the varieties 'Karmelyuk' - 30,5 pieces of grains in an ear, for its weight in an ear of 0,86 g, 'Dykanka' - 30,6 pieces of grains in an ear, for its weight in an ear 0, 87. The use of seeds of the middle fraction for sowing provided the highest yield of varieties 'Karmelyuk', 'Dykanka' which amounted to 4.7 t / ha. When sowing seeds of a large fraction, the highest yields were obtained by 'Dykanka' and 'Sanzhara' varieties - 4.8 and 4.9 t / ha, respectively. The aim of the study. To determine the influence of seed fraction on sowing qualities, variability of yield elements of soft winter wheat varieties. The experiment was conducted in the central forest-steppe of Ukraine, using general research methods studied in agronomy The material for the study were winter wheat varieties of Poltava State Agrarian Academy: "Tsarchanka", "Karmelyuk", "Sidir Kovpak", "Dykanka" and "Sanzhara". Sowing of the studied varieties was carried out with seeds selected on sieves and divided into fractions: shallow (1), medium (2), large (3), and mixture (4). Agrotechnics in the study are generally accepted for the soil-climatic zone of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The increase in the weight of 1000 grains was significantly influenced by sowing with the middle fraction of seeds, which is characteristic of the variety 'Sidir Kovpak' (50.4 g), large - 'Tsarychanka' (52.5 g), 'Dykanka' (49.2 g) and 'Sanzhara' (48.4 g), for the variety 'Karmelyuk' the weight of the grain increases when sown with a mixture of seeds (52.0 g). It was determined that the size of the seed material had an impact on the elements of the structure of the ear of corn and grain size. Thus, the variety 'Tsarichanka' formed 26.8 pieces. grains in the ear, for its weight of 0.65 g when sown by the average fraction of seeds, variety 'Karmelyuk' on the same variants of the experiment, respectively - 30.5 pcs. and 0.86 g, grade 'Sidir Kovpak' - 27.4 pcs. and 0.85 g, 'Dykanka' - 30.6 pcs. and 0.86 g. For these varieties, the dependence is established: sowing in shallow and large fractions, as well as a mixture of seeds reduces the number and weight of grains from the ear. In the variety 'Sanzhara' revealed a maximum increase in the number of grains from the ear to 26.8 pieces. and the mass of grain from the ear of 0.88 g in the options for sowing a large fraction of seeds Yields of the studied varieties of winter wheat depending on the size of the seed material varied in the range from 3.08 to 4.86 t / ha, with the highest value in option 3 (large seeds) in the varieties 'Sanzhara' (4.9 t / ha) and 'Dykanka' (4.8 t / ha), on option 2 (average seed) 'Karmelyuk' (4.67 t / ha), 'Sidir Kovpak' (4.29 t / ha) and 'Tsarychanka' - 4 .0 t / ha. It was found that the yield of all studied varieties of winter wheat has a strong correlation with seed size and number of grains in the ear (r> 0.70), the average correlation between the weight of 1000 grains and grain yield was found in varieties' Tsarychanka ',' Karmelyuk 'and' Dykanka '(r = 0.31… 0.69). In the variety 'Sanzhara', the weight of the grain from the ear and the yield have a rectilinear correlation of medium strength.

scholarly journals Genetic dissection of heat-responsive physiological traits to improve adaptation and increase yield potential in soft winter wheat

BMC Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Pradhan ◽  
Md Ali Babar ◽  
Guihua Bai ◽  
Jahangir Khan ◽  
Dipendra Shahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

scholarly journals Динаміка продуктивної вологи в ґрунті за вирощування пшениці озимої в сівозмінах Лівобережного Лісостепу України

2018 ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
В. Ф. Камінський ◽  
В. В. Гангур
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Spring Precipitation ◽  
The Difference

За результатами досліджень, проведених на типовому малогумусному важкосуглинковому чорноземі Лівобережного Лісостепу України протягом 1999–2015 рр., показано, що посіви пшениці озимої найбільш інтенсивно використовують вологу ґрунту та опадів на формування вегетативних і генеративних органів у період від відновлення весняної вегетації до колосіння. Цей період росту і розвитку рослин пшениці озимої є найбільш чутливим до дефіциту вологи в ґрунті, а її запаси визначають верхню межу продуктивності посівів культури. The results of the researches were obtained during 1999–2015, on the typical low-humus heavy-loamy black soil of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine show that during the spring-summer period of vegetation there is a predominance of moisture losses over its accumulation in the soil. However, in this period prevailing productive costs, that is, soil moisture is more spent on the formation of crop and partly on the physical evaporation from the surface of the soil. The largest reserves of productive moisture in the ground under winter wheat were observed in spring at the time of the restoration of its vegetation. Through the winter and early spring precipitation of moisture in 100 cm soil layer was 181.8 mm, 43.8 mm or 37.1 % more than the average long-term rate. It was determined the fact that in most winter wheat is consumed from the soil moisture autumn-winter inventories during the period of vegetation culture to exit the tube – 43.4 mm. In this case, the total expenditures of moisture from the soil and precipitation are 70.7 mm or 27.8 % of the total expenditures of moisture by culture during the growing season. In the future, from the outlet to the tube to beginning to ear the general flow of moisture decreases, and from the ear to the onset of the waxy maturity of the grain, on the contrary, increase. So in the field of winter wheat they were, respectively, 66.8 and 116.6 mm, that is, the difference, compared with the period from the restoration of vegetation to the output of the tube was 3.9 and 46.1 mm. However, studies show that plants of winter wheat  the most intensively used wet during the growing season from the restoration of it in spring to the ear eruption. This period of growth and development of winter wheat plants is most sensitive to the deficit of moisture in the soil, and its reserves determine the upper limit of productivity of crops.

scholarly journals Variety peculiarities of winter wheat productivity and yield loss under the influence of weather factors in the western forest steppe

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-330
Author(s):  
A.P. Voloshchuk ◽  
◽  
M.M. Gavrilyuk ◽  
I.S. Voloshchuk ◽  
V.V. Hlyva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Weather Factors

scholarly journals The donor properties of resources resistance against the exciter of wheat rust wheat

10.5219/1427 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 821-827
Author(s):  
Hanna Kovalyshyna ◽  
Yuliia Dmytrenko ◽  
Oleksandr Makarchuk ◽  
Natalia Slobodyanyuk ◽  
Mikhailo Mushtruk
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Genetics Of Resistance ◽  
Pathogen Population ◽  
Rust Pathogen ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Rust

A collection of soft winter wheat specimens investigated on the artificial infectious background of the leaf rust pathogen and selected resistance among them. The genetics of resistance sign in varieties and specimens were determined by hybridological analysis of F2: Lovrin 32, KM 1485-6-8, VR 89 Bo 22, Beres, Tobarzo, 0-74-8-2, MIKM 1851-80, 4347-4, NS 326-99, 5517 A-5-5 Yr, Florida 302, VR 87 Bo 15, Matyo, NS 1308, 200-830, Polka, NS 2630/1, NS 18-30, HBE 0140-119, HBE 208-120, HBE 0303 156, HBE 0425-156, Tx91v4511, Tx92v4511, Plyska, Zernogradskaya 31, Volshebnitsa, Myronivska 40, Myronivska ostysta, Myronivska 28, Estet, Volynska napivintensivna, Kyivska 8, Expromt, Mironivska 29, Remeslivna, Garant, Selyanka, Erythrospermum 15761, Erythrospermum 12557, Erythrospermum 12735, Vympel odeskyiy during 1990–2018. The gene non-identity of the investigated donors was determined. In a variety of VR 89 Bo 22, 2 resistance genes, one of them Lr19, was investigated. The results of investigations of the composition of the leaf rust pathogen population by a series of isogenic lines and varieties of carriers of known effective resistance genes are presented. The high resistance against the leaf rust pathogen in the forest-steppe of Ukraine provide the genes Lr9, Lr19, Lr37, Lr42 + Lr24, Lr43 (Lr21 + Lr39) + Lr24, Lr9 + Lr26, Lr10 + Lr24.

scholarly journals ВПЛИВ МОЗАЇЧНОГО РОЗМІЩЕННЯ СОРТІВ ОЗИМОЇ ПШЕНИЦІ НА АГРОРІЗНОМАНІТТЯ

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
T. Z. Moskalets
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystems ◽  
Long Term Ecological Research ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Features

<p>We studied the introductions of cultivars and lines of wheat soft winter wheat that are adaptive to specific physical and climatic conditions ecotopes regards forest-steppe and Polissia ecotypes by ecological and biological characteristics. We also determined their influence on formation of the diversity and productivity of agricultural ecosystems. It was established that mosaic planting pattern of winter wheat allows to get a high yield (up to 9 t/ha) and of strong and superstrong wheat (Ariivka, L 4696/96, KC-5, KC-7, KC-14, KC-22, Yuvivata 60, etc.) in comparison to monocultivar technology. Some genotypes, namely Yuvivata 60, Ariiivka KC-22, KC-7 have moderate and high resistance towards complex diseases. The mosaic planting pattern of cultivars is the important factor of increasing the diversity and strengthening the links in agricultural ecosystems.</p> <p>Based on the long-term ecological research of genetic forms of winter soft wheat in different ecotopes and comparing them by major agronomic features with cultivar-standards we selected some promising cultivars and lines. We suggested the semi dwarf, medium-grown productive, and high adaptive genotypes of wheat soft winter, like Prydesnianska, Ariiivka, Nosshpa 100, КС-5, КС-7, КС-14, КС-21, КС-22, Yuvivata 60, Zoriana Nosivska, КС-16, КС-17, Л9646/96.</p> <p><em>Key words:</em><strong><em> </em></strong><em>agrodiversity, genotype, wheat soft winter, address introduction<strong> </strong></em></p>

MONITORING OF SOFT WINTER WHEAT ENTOMOCOMPLEXES IN FOREST-STEPPE OF SAMARA AREA

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Каплин ◽  
Vladimir Kaplin
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Wheat Seedling ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Delia Platura

The purpose of researches is to study the effect of non-pesticidal pest against the background of soft winter wheat cultivation for seasonal dynamics of composition and abundance of pests and their entomophages in the conditions of Samara Region forest-steppe. Insects was collected with an entomological net for 10-50 flaps in triple repeated in autumn and spring-summer periods of wheat vegetation. In the conditions of the non-use of insecticides of entomocomplexes included insects-phytophagous which are potential vectors of viruses, phytoplasmas; suctorial and gnawing phytofagous; insects are developing inwardly wheat stems; entomophagous. Entomophagous regulating the density of phytophagous were represented by predators and parasites. In 2012-2013 main vector of phytoplasmas (Psammotettix striatus) and insects are developing inwardly wheat stems (Oscinella pusilla, O. frit, Delia platura) had a high density in the autumn period in the stage of wheat seedling growth and in spring in the stage of stem elongation. In 2013-2014 the density of any pests were not reached economic threshold values.

Influence of autumn soil moisture on erosion-accumulation processes in the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe

2021 ◽  
pp. 130-142
Author(s):  
I.A. Golubev ◽  
◽  
A.V. Kozhukhovsky ◽  
O.I. Ivanova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Runoff Formation ◽  
Northern Zone ◽  
Hydrometeorological Conditions

The results of field observations of erosion-accumulation processes caused by meltwater in the northern zone of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe in 2009-2017 are discussed. Hydrometeorological conditions of melt runoff formation during the study period and their influence on the values of washout and accumulation are analyzed. Data on snow cover, soil moisture in the pre-winter period, meltwater flow to the soil surface, and spring and autumn runoff are compared. Attention is focused on the autumn soil moisture. The correlation between the values of washout and preceding autumn moisture is revealed. Other things being equal, among all hydrometeorological factors on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe, pre-winter soil moisture has a significant impact on the intensity of erosion-accumulation processes. Keywords: soil washout, erosion, autumn moisture, hydrometeorological factors, runoff, snow cover, humidity, freezing, water permeability

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