A citizen of Byzantium in the «valley of the shadow of death» (Psalm 22:4).

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2b) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
S.B. Sorochan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
High Birth Rate ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Psalm 22

The article attempts to generalize the ideas of specialists in Byzantine Studies about the causes and levels of mortality in Byzantium. Studies show that the average life expectancy was quite typical of ancient and medieval society and did not differ from the Neolithic era. Usually death occurred within 20-40 years, in the most productive period of life. Thus, Byzantine society remained quite young. With a high birth rate, the number of children who reached adulthood usually did not exceed two per family. Premature deaths were caused by epidemics of infectious diseases, environmental, natural disasters, accidents, murders, and wars. In the last case, 90% of the deaths were due to disease, starvation and cold, and not to the battle. In general, the Byzantine rulers, representatives of secular and ecclesiastical authorities behaved very wisely, trying to avoid excessive violence and human loss.

ASSESSMENT OF THE DEPENDENCE OF THE AVERAGE LIFE EXPECTANCY OF THE POPULATION RESIDING IN THE TULA REGION IN THE AREAS WITH A HIGH CONTENT OF HEA VYMETALS IN THE SOIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
KHROMUSHIN V.A. ◽  
◽  
VOLKOV A.V. ◽  
KHADARTSEV A.A. ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Algebraic Model ◽  
Constructive Logic ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Regional Mortality

The article presents the relevance of the problem, defines the research purpose: to compare the average life expectancy of the population in the areas of the Tula region with different contents of heavy metals in the class of causes of death “Respiratory diseases ”. The authors used the data of the regional mortality register, the results of analyzes of the content of heavy metals (copper, lead, zinc, nickel) in the soil by atomic absorption spectroscopy, and the calculation of the average life expectancy by the algebraic model of constructive logic. The results indicate a decrease in average life expectancy due to the presence of heavy metals in the soil, but the average life expectancy in both contaminated and non-contaminated areas is gradually increasing.

FEATURES OF THE BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BIRD CHERRY-OAT APHID (RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI) IN THE LABORATORY

2021 ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
YA.YU. GOLIVANOV ◽  
◽  
V.V. ZELENENKO ◽  
V.V. GRITSENKO
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Biological Development

The article presents data on the assessment of some issues of the ontogenesis of the bird cherryoat aphid: the average life expectancy, the number of offspring over a lifetime, the beginning of the reproductive period, the end of the reproductive period, the duration of the reproductive period, the life span of aphids and the number of offspring. The author found that the average life expectancy of animals was 21.55 days. The beginning of the reproductive period, on average, was on days 7–8, the end – on day 19. The average duration of the reproductive period was 12.5 days. The average number of offspring over the entire life for individuals in the sample was 34 nymphs, in a separate litter – 2–3 nymphs.

scholarly journals Movember in a pandemic - it matters, more than ever

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-83
Author(s):  
João Vasco Barreira ◽  
Gil Falcão ◽  
Mariana Amaral ◽  
Pedro Barreira
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Screening Programs

Dear Editor, in recent years there has been an increase in the number of new cases of cancer. This increase, in part, is closely related to the increase in average life expectancy, as well as more accurate diagnostic techniques and well-defined screening programs. [...]

scholarly journals The fiscal value of human lives lost from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joses M. Kirigia ◽  
Rosenabi Deborah Karimi Muthuri
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Discount Rates ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
National Life

Abstract Objective: According to the WHO coronavirus disease (COVID-19) situation report 35, as of 24 th February 2020, there was a total of 77,262 confirmed COVID-19 cases in China. That included 2,595 deaths. The specific objective of this study was to estimate the fiscal value of human lives lost due to COVID-19 in China as of 24 th February 2020. Results: The deaths from COVID-19 had a discounted (at 3%) total fiscal value of Int$ 924,346,795 in China. Out of which, 63.2% was borne by people aged 25-49 years, 27.8% by people aged 50-64 years, and 9.0% by people aged 65 years and above. The average fiscal value per death was Int$ 356,203. Re-estimation of the economic model alternately with 5% and 10 discount rates led to a reduction in the expected total fiscal value by 21.3% and 50.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the re-estimation of the economic model using the world’s highest average life expectancy of 87.1 years (which is that of Japanese females), instead of the national life expectancy of 76.4 years, increased the total fiscal value by Int$ 229,456,430 (24.8%).

Prognostic analysis of mortality in the cohort of the Chernobyl cleanup workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
A. Gorski ◽  
M. Maksyutov ◽  
K. Tumanov ◽  
E. Kochergina ◽  
N. Zelenskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Cleanup Workers ◽  
Circulatory Diseases

Purpose: Analysis and prognosis of mortality rate, specific causes of death and mortality structure in the male cohort of the Chernobyl cleanup workers monitored from 1992 over 2017. Materials and methods: Analysis and prognosis of mortality among the Chernobyl cleanup workers for the follow up period 1992-2017 were based on personal death records stored at the National Radiation Epidemiological Registry (NRER). The workers entered the exclusion zone in 1986 and in 1987, who had documented dose records were included in the monitoring cohort. In 1992 the cohort size was 72432 persons , average radiation dose was 130.8 mGy. For the period of the cohort monitoring 27051 cleanup workers died with the following causes of death: malignant neoplasms – 4621 cases, circulatory diseases – 11410 cases, traumas and poisoning – 5110 cases, other –5910. To prognose mortality and mortality structure data on age-specific intensity of partial mortality and total mortality during the monitoring period were used. Results: The predicted size of the cohort will be 22,000 persons in 2030. Mortality structure in 2017: malignant neoplasms – 17%; circulatory diseases – 42%; traumas and poisoning – 19%, other – 22%. The mortality structure in 2030 will be: malignant neoplasms – 24%; circulatory diseases – 49%; traumas and poisoning – 11%, other – 16%. Cleanup workers’ the average time left to live estimated in 2017 was 11.1 years (their average age in 2017 was 62.4 years), it means that their average life expectancy will be 73.5 years. Average life expectancy of Russian males is 70.4 years. Increased life span of the cleanup workers can be due to their good health, social support including regular special medical examination, the effect of the natural selection cannot be excluded as well. Conclusion: Results of the study can serve as example of organization of high effective specialized medical examination of the Chernobyl cleanup workers. The research outcomes will be useful for analysis of mortality among members of a closed population following exposure to hazardous technogeneous factors.

Mortality and longevity in the whelk Dicathais orbita (Gmelin)

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
BF Phillips ◽  
NA Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Annual Mortality ◽  
Fish Hook

A population of the whelk Dicathais orbita (Gmelin) at Fish-Hook Bay, Rottnest Island, in Western Australia, was found to have a high annual mortality and hence a low average life expectancy. A longevity of 19 years has been estimated but the average life expectancy is not more than 5 years. The mortality rate of the animals on the reef platforms (1-S = 0.46; M = 0.62) was found to be independent of age. A life table for D. orbita is presented and discussed, and these data compared with data on some other predatory gastropods.

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