Mortality and longevity in the whelk Dicathais orbita (Gmelin)

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
BF Phillips ◽  
NA Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Annual Mortality ◽  
Fish Hook

A population of the whelk Dicathais orbita (Gmelin) at Fish-Hook Bay, Rottnest Island, in Western Australia, was found to have a high annual mortality and hence a low average life expectancy. A longevity of 19 years has been estimated but the average life expectancy is not more than 5 years. The mortality rate of the animals on the reef platforms (1-S = 0.46; M = 0.62) was found to be independent of age. A life table for D. orbita is presented and discussed, and these data compared with data on some other predatory gastropods.

scholarly journals The lower COVID-19 related mortality and incidence rates in Eastern European countries are associated with delayed start of community circulation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243411
Author(s):  
Alban Ylli ◽  
Yan Yan Wu ◽  
Genc Burazeri ◽  
Catherine Pirkle ◽  
Tetine Sentell
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Related Mortality

Background The purpose of this analysis was to assess the variations in COVID-19 related mortality in relation to the time differences in the commencement of virus circulation and containment measures in the European Region. Methods The data for the current analysis (N = 50 countries) were retrieved from the John Hopkins University dataset on the 7th of May 2020, with countries as study units. A piecewise regression analysis was conducted with mortality and cumulative incidence rates introduced as dependent variables and time interval (days from the 22nd of January to the date when 100 first cases were reported) as the main predictor. The country average life expectancy at birth and outpatient contacts per person per year were statistically adjusted for in the regression model. Results Mortality and incidence were strongly and inversely intercorrelated with days from January 22, respectively -0.83 (p<0.001) and -0.73 (p<0.001). Adjusting for average life expectancy and outpatients contacts per person per year, between days 33 to 50 from the 22nd of the January, the average mortality rate decreased by 30.1/million per day (95% CI: 22.7, 37.6, p<0.001). During interval 51 to 73 days, the change in mortality was no longer statistically significant but still showed a decreasing trend. A similar relationship with time interval was found for incidence. Life expectancy and outpatients contacts per person per year were not associated with mortality rate. Conclusion Countries in Europe that had the earliest COVID-19 circulation suffered the worst consequences in terms of health outcomes, specifically mortality. The drastic social isolation measures, quickly undertaken in response to those initial outbreaks appear effective, especially in Eastern European countries, where community circulation started after March 11th. The study demonstrates that efforts to delay the early spread of the virus may have saved an average 30 deaths daily per one million inhabitants.

The Myth of Increasing Life Expectancy and Its Social Policy Implications

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Robert E. Parker ◽  
Vianett G. Achaval
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Extended Lifespan

This paper concerns official “average life expectancy” data, and their use by demographers in a way that appears common-sensical and valid, but are neither. The notion that Americans have, and continue to experience ever-increasing life expectancy is a widely held myth in U.S. society. The Census Bureau states Americans’ life expectancy advanced 30 years between 1900 and 2013. Accompanying this myth is the idea that Americans are generally working longer while experiencing an extended lifespan. But these commonly shared assumptions about American life are dubious. The increase in average life expectancy among Americans has been achieved by reducing the infant mortality rate, not by increasing additional years at the end of the life cycle. An examination of age-specific death rates combined with an understanding of the importance of the infant mortality rate makes the “life expectancy myth” transparent. Upon considering these aspects of official life expectancy, the implications of this misunderstanding, specifically as it pertains to Social Security, will be examined.

scholarly journals The lower COVID-19 related mortality and incidence rates in Eastern European countries are associated with delayed start of community circulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alban Ylli ◽  
Yan Yan Wu ◽  
Genc Burazeri ◽  
Catherine Pirkle ◽  
Tetine Sentell
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Related Mortality

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this analysis was to assess the variations in COVID-19 related mortality and incidence rates in relation to the time differences in the commencement of virus circulation and containment measures in different countries of the European Region.MethodsThe data for the current analysis (N=50 countries) were retrieved from the John Hopkins University dataset on the 7th of May 2020, with countries as study units. A piecewise regression analysis was conducted with mortality and cumulative incidence rates introduced as dependent variables and time interval (days from the 22nd of January to the date when 100 first cases were reported) as the main predictor. The country average life expectancy at birth was statistically adjusted for in the regression model.ResultsMortality and incidence were strongly and inversely intercorrelated with days from January 22, respectively −0.83 (p<.0001) and −0.73 (p<.0001). Adjusting for average life expectancy, between days 33 to 50 from the 22th of the January, the average mortality rate decreased by 30.4/million per day (95% CI: 23.2, 37.1, p<0.0001). During interval 51 to 73 days, the change in mortality was no longer statistically significant but still showed a decreasing trend. A similar relationship with time interval was found in incidence. Life expectancy was not associated with mortality rate.ConclusionCountries in Europe which observed the earliest COVID-19 circulation, suffered the worst consequences in terms of health outcomes, specifically mortality. The drastic social isolation measures, undertaken especially in Eastern European countries, where community circulation started after March 11th, may have been timely. This may explain their significantly lower COVID-related mortality compared with the Western European countries.

scholarly journals ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПАЛЕОДЕМОГРАФИИ ГОРОДА ТВЕРЬ XVIII–XIX ВВ. ПО ДАННЫМ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ СМОЛЕНСКОГО КЛАДБИЩА ИЗ БЫВШЕГО ЗАГОРОДНОГО ПОСАДА

2021 ◽  
pp. 311-329
Author(s):  
Светлана Борисовна Боруцкая ◽  
Наталья Владимировна Харламова ◽  
Сергей Александрович Рудников ◽  
Игорь Николаевич Черных
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
The City

Скелетный материал из Твери был получен при раскопках Смоленского кладбища на юго-восточной окраине города, из бывшего Загородного посада. Формирование этого некрополя началось в XVIII веке и продолжалось на протяжении двух веков. Наша работа посвящена палеодемографическому исследованию населения города Тверь XVIII–XIX вв. по данным половозрастного определения скелетного материала. В результате исследования можно сделать следующее заключение. Демографическую ситуацию в городе Тверь XVIII–XIX вв. можно считать довольно благополучной, о чем свидетельствует высокий показатель средней продолжительности жизни, относительно невысокий показатель детской смертности, значительная представительность финальной возрастной когорты, низкая смертность в молодом возрасте. На нестандартное соотношение взрослых индивидов по полу в пользу мужчин могли повлиять миграционные процессы, связанные с ростом, строительством и развитие города в XVIII–XIX вв. Skeletal materials from Tver were obtained in the course of excavations at the Smolensk cemetery on the south-eastern outskirts of the city, the former Zagorodny posad (settlement). The necropolis originated in the XVIII century and was used for two centuries. The authors study the paleodemography of the population of Tver in the XVIII–XIX centuries according to the data of the sex and age estimations of the skeletal material. The study showed that the demographic situation in Tver in the XVIII–XIX centuries was relatively sound, as evidenced by the high average life expectancy, a relatively low infant mortality rate, a strong presence of the oldest age group, and low mortality at a young age. The distorted sex ratio of adult individuals in favor of males can be explained by the migration processes associated with the growth and development of the city in the XVIII–XIX centuries.

ASSESSMENT OF THE DEPENDENCE OF THE AVERAGE LIFE EXPECTANCY OF THE POPULATION RESIDING IN THE TULA REGION IN THE AREAS WITH A HIGH CONTENT OF HEA VYMETALS IN THE SOIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
KHROMUSHIN V.A. ◽  
◽  
VOLKOV A.V. ◽  
KHADARTSEV A.A. ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Algebraic Model ◽  
Constructive Logic ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Regional Mortality

The article presents the relevance of the problem, defines the research purpose: to compare the average life expectancy of the population in the areas of the Tula region with different contents of heavy metals in the class of causes of death “Respiratory diseases ”. The authors used the data of the regional mortality register, the results of analyzes of the content of heavy metals (copper, lead, zinc, nickel) in the soil by atomic absorption spectroscopy, and the calculation of the average life expectancy by the algebraic model of constructive logic. The results indicate a decrease in average life expectancy due to the presence of heavy metals in the soil, but the average life expectancy in both contaminated and non-contaminated areas is gradually increasing.

FEATURES OF THE BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BIRD CHERRY-OAT APHID (RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI) IN THE LABORATORY

2021 ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
YA.YU. GOLIVANOV ◽  
◽  
V.V. ZELENENKO ◽  
V.V. GRITSENKO
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Biological Development

The article presents data on the assessment of some issues of the ontogenesis of the bird cherryoat aphid: the average life expectancy, the number of offspring over a lifetime, the beginning of the reproductive period, the end of the reproductive period, the duration of the reproductive period, the life span of aphids and the number of offspring. The author found that the average life expectancy of animals was 21.55 days. The beginning of the reproductive period, on average, was on days 7–8, the end – on day 19. The average duration of the reproductive period was 12.5 days. The average number of offspring over the entire life for individuals in the sample was 34 nymphs, in a separate litter – 2–3 nymphs.

scholarly journals Movember in a pandemic - it matters, more than ever

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-83
Author(s):  
João Vasco Barreira ◽  
Gil Falcão ◽  
Mariana Amaral ◽  
Pedro Barreira
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Screening Programs

Dear Editor, in recent years there has been an increase in the number of new cases of cancer. This increase, in part, is closely related to the increase in average life expectancy, as well as more accurate diagnostic techniques and well-defined screening programs. [...]

scholarly journals The fiscal value of human lives lost from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joses M. Kirigia ◽  
Rosenabi Deborah Karimi Muthuri
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Discount Rates ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
National Life

Abstract Objective: According to the WHO coronavirus disease (COVID-19) situation report 35, as of 24 th February 2020, there was a total of 77,262 confirmed COVID-19 cases in China. That included 2,595 deaths. The specific objective of this study was to estimate the fiscal value of human lives lost due to COVID-19 in China as of 24 th February 2020. Results: The deaths from COVID-19 had a discounted (at 3%) total fiscal value of Int$ 924,346,795 in China. Out of which, 63.2% was borne by people aged 25-49 years, 27.8% by people aged 50-64 years, and 9.0% by people aged 65 years and above. The average fiscal value per death was Int$ 356,203. Re-estimation of the economic model alternately with 5% and 10 discount rates led to a reduction in the expected total fiscal value by 21.3% and 50.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the re-estimation of the economic model using the world’s highest average life expectancy of 87.1 years (which is that of Japanese females), instead of the national life expectancy of 76.4 years, increased the total fiscal value by Int$ 229,456,430 (24.8%).

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