scholarly journals Refinement of the rail–wheel contact pair to improve rail–wheel interaction conditions for railway vehicles with an increased axle load

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
T.F. Mokrii ◽  
◽  
I.Yu. Malysheva ◽  
N.V. Bezrukavyi ◽  
I.M. Ladyhin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Contact Pair ◽  
Utilization Factor ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Railway Vehicles ◽  
Axle Loads ◽  
Railway Operation ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Curve Negotiation

At present, one of the global trends in railway transport development, which becomes clearer and clearer, is increasing the axle load of freight cars, which gives a considerable economic benefit. In this connection, of importance is not only the car design, but also the car capacity utilization factor: the higher this factor, the more economically efficient the car use. Because of this, one of the priority global lines in increasing the volume of fright traffic and the railway operation efficiency is increasing the carrying capacity of freight cars. Preparing the railways for cars with increased axle loads calls for the development of measures to decrease the track deformability, in particular by choosing appropriate wheel and rail profiles. The aim of this work was to develop recommendations on refining the wheel?rail contact pair to improve curve negotiation by railway vehicles with an increased axle loads on the Ukrainian railways. This paper presents the proprietary R-ITM wear-resistant railhead profile. The effect of the new profile on wheel?rail interaction in negotiating a curve of radius 300 m at a constant speed was studied for different cars. In doing so, emphasis was on wheel?rail interaction for a new-generation freight car on 18-9817 trucks with an axle load increased to 36 tf. The studies conducted made it possible to formulate the following recommendations: to improve curve negotiation by railway vehicles with increased axle loads, reduce the adverse effect on the track and improve traffic safety, new proprietary contact pair profiles are recommended: the ITM-73-03 wheel profile for cars, and the R-ITM railhead profile for outer rails together with the standard R65 railhead profile for inner rails.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of 100kWp Roof-top Grid-connected PV System installed in Northern India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 8441-8444 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Utilization Factor ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Efficiency Performance

The performance of 100 kWp roof-top grid-connected PV system was evaluated. The plant was installed at PGDM building in Sharda University, Greater Noida in northern India. The plant was monitored from March 2018 to February 2019. Performance parameters such as system efficiency, performance ratio, capacity utilization factor, and degradation rate were obtained. The plant performance result was compared with the estimated results obtained from SAM and PVsyst software. The total annual energy output was found to be 16426 kWh. The annual average system efficiency and capacity utilization factor of the plant was found to be 15.62 % and 14.72 % respectively. The annual performance ratio and annual degradation rate were found to be 76% and 1.28%/year respectively. The annual performance ratio obtained from SAM and PVsyst was found to be 78% and 82% respectively. It was noticed that the measured performance ratio was highly relative with the one obtained from SAM software.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Transmission's Impact on the Operational Properties of Land Vehicles

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
V. I. Nekrasov ◽  
R. A. Ziganshin ◽  
A. V. Ziganshina ◽  
N. S. Zakharov ◽  
G. N. Shpitko
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Specific Productivity ◽  
Utilization Factor ◽  
The Road ◽  
Land Vehicles ◽  
Transmission Parameters ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean

The article considers the issue of the transmission's effect on the operational properties of the land vehicles. The main transmission parameters are given in the work. The analysis of the possibilities of using different types of transmission is shown. The technique for selecting the number of gears and the mean value of the capacity utilization factor is considered. The technical and economic assessment is given on the basis of complex factors of the specific productivity of the road train and the prime cost of its use.  

scholarly journals A Survey of Vehicle to Everything (V2X) Testing

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Yameng Shao ◽  
Yuming Ge ◽  
Rundong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Traffic Efficiency ◽  
Exploratory Stage ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Full Protocol ◽  
Application Requirements ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Architectural Perspective

Vehicle to everything (V2X) is a new generation of information and communication technologies that connect vehicles to everything. It not only creates a more comfortable and safer transportation environment, but also has much significance for improving traffic efficiency, and reducing pollution and accident rates. At present, the technology is still in the exploratory stage, and the problems of traffic safety and information security brought about by V2X applications have not yet been fully evaluated. Prior to marketization, we must ensure the reliability and maturity of the technology, which must be rigorously tested and verified. Therefore, testing is an important part of V2X technology. This article focuses on the V2X application requirements and its challenges, the need of testing. Then we also investigate and summarize the testing methods for V2X in the communication process and describe them in detail from the architectural perspective. In addition, we have proposed an end-to-end testing system combining virtual and real environments which can undertake the test task of the full protocol stack.

Simulation-Based Method of Capacity Utilization Evaluation to Account for Uncertainty in Recovery Time

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (10) ◽  
pp. 202-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Cheng (Rex) Lai ◽  
Kuan-Ting Chen ◽  
Tzu-Hao Yan ◽  
Ming-Hua Li
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Time ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Time Dispersion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Service Plan ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Railway Operation

A typical objective of a railway agency is to design an efficient and reliable service plan. Although enhancing the level of capacity utilization may increase efficiency, the stability of the service plan may also decrease due to stochastic railway disruptions. Past studies used recovery time to evaluate the stability of a service plan; however, the variation of recovery time was not fully examined. Therefore, we developed a Monte Carlo simulation framework to address this issue and proposed four capacity-based indices for the evaluation of service efficiency and stability. These indices are capacity utilization efficiency, mean recovery time, dispersion of recovery time, and probability of unacceptable recovery time. The latter two new indices explored the variation of recovery time and probability of unacceptable long recovery time, which is undesired for railway operation. We conducted a real-world case study on the Taiwan Railways Administration before and after the service plan revision. Consequently, the northbound service plan needed a deliberate review and revision before implementation, whereas the southbound plan successfully increased capacity usage while not necessarily worsening stability. This result demonstrated that our study introduced uncertainty analysis into the evaluation framework and provided flexible information on the service plan. These developments can provide improved support in the decision-making of railway agencies to strike a balance between service level and asset usage.

scholarly journals TINGKAT KAPASITAS PENANGKAPAN ARMADA PUKAT CINCIN PEKALONGAN BERDASARKAN PADA MUSIM PENANGKAPAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Hufiadi Hufiadi ◽  
Eko Sri Wiyono
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Purse Seine ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Utilization Factor ◽  
The North ◽  
Fishing Capacity ◽  
Java Sea ◽  
Using Data

Pengelolaan kapasitas penangkapan berikut metode pengukurannya sudah menjadi isu penting dalam pengeloiaan sumber daya pelagis kecil di Laut Jawa. Alternaiif pendekatan melalur pengendalian faktor faklo nputyang tidak efisien yang digunakan dalam usaha penangkapan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengukur tingkat efisiensi teknis dan pemanfaatan kapasitas alat tangkap pukat cincin di Pekaiongan. Efisjensi penangkapan dan pemanfaatan kapasitas dari alat tangkap pukai cincin yang dikaji dianalisis berdasarkan pada musim penangkapan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaaian kapasitas jauh melebihr dari nilar optimumnya aiau telah terjadi kelebihan kapasitas pemanfaatannya berlangsung terulama pada musim barat. Pemanfaatan kapasitas penangkapan berada pada tingkat yang optimum hanya terjadi pada musinr peralihan I (musim barat ke musim timur). The management of fishing capacity along with measurement methods becomes an inlporlant issue in the small pelagic fisheies management in Java Sea, through altemative approach to contrcl inefficient input factors used in fishing activities. The objectives of tltis study are Io measure lhe level of technical efficiency and utilization capacity of purse seine in Pekalongan. The technical efficiency and utilization capacity were analyzed based on seasons. The fishing efficiency tneasurement was pertormed by using data envelopment analysis. The results show that purse seine ln Pekalongan on r/i/est season mean that fishing capacity utilization factor of the Pekalongan purse serne during the north wesf monsocn peiod exceed the optimum value or excess fishing capacity has been occureed during thai season. Frshing caDacity utilizaton for optmum levet only on n the rnter monsoon period was between March to May.

scholarly journals Mathematical Methodology to Predict Energy Generation of Grid Connected PV Power Plants in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-166
Author(s):  
Suprava Chakraborty ◽  
Pradip Sadhu
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Method ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Utilization Factor ◽  
Photovoltaic Plant

This paper presents a reliable mathematical methodology to predict the energy generation from grid connected Photovoltaic plant of different technologies in India. Energy generation of different commercially used PV technologies in different locations of India is predicted using proposed mathematical method. This results show a decisive study to choose the best PV technology for particular location of India. Predicted energy generation is validated with the monthly generation for the whole year of 2014 from operational PV power plants of different technologies. Predicted generation is in good co-relation with the actual real time generation and Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF) of the PV plants.

scholarly journals URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT: MARGINAL VALUE OF THE CAPACITY FACTOR

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-301
Author(s):  
A. I. Fadeev ◽  
Ye. V. Fomin ◽  
S. Alhusseini
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Utilization Factor ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
Urban Public Transport ◽  
Speed Fluctuation ◽  
Average Operating ◽  
Average Operating Time

Introduction. One of the most important indicators determining the public transport service quality is the capacity utilization factor of transport fleet. This parameter directly effects on the economic efficiency of the transport organization. For the carrier it is desirable from an economic point of view that the value of the capacity utilization factor takes on the greatest value. Passengers, on the contrary, prefer to transfer without overfull capacity of transport vehicles. Moreover, this factor is used in determining travel fares, analyzing the executed movement regarding the availability of reserves in carrying capacity and planning transportation process. The paper discusses the method of marginal value calculation of the transport fleet’s capacity utilization factor of urban public transport based on ensuring standard vehicle's cabin filling limits.Materials and methods. The authors solved the task of determining the filling marginal value for transport fleet while working on regular urban routes by analyzing the dependence of the capacity utilization factor on the passenger traffic parameters, the average operating time of the transport fleet on the route and the speed fluctuation during public transport operation. The authors also proposed the indicator of the transportation speed fluctuation during the operation of urban public transport.Results. The authors found out that the capacity utilization factor of transport fleet substantially depended on the passenger traffic parameters, on the average operating time of the transport fleet and on the speed fluctuation during public transport operation.Discussion and conclusion. The obtained dependences allow us calculating the marginal values of capacity utilization factor with taking into account the parameters of the planned transport process. The standard capacity utilization factor varies within considerable limits from 0.2 to 0.4, depending on the operating conditions.

scholarly journals Current global trends in the diamond market and their impact on the development of diamond complexes of Russia and India

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-478
Author(s):  
Olesia A. Maltseva ◽  
Natalia G. Khromova
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Natural Diamond ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
New Development ◽  
New Generation

The article deals with the current trends of the development of the global diamond complex. The authors draw attention to the growing position of lab-grown diamonds on the diamond market, their impact on the natural diamond market and the growing influence of digital technologies in all segments of the diamond complex. The article also presents some information on changes in the new generation of buyers’ preferences at the present time. The authors also pay attention to the problem of the availability of sources of financing for the industry. The aim of the article is to identify how current trends will affect the development of the diamond complexes of Russia and India. The article is rather relevant as the authors has studied the latest published materials on this subject and analyzed the opinions of practitioners. The results of the investigation are presented in the form of a detailed study of current trends and potential threats to the diamond complexes of Russia and India. In conclusion the authors present the idea that there is the need for a new development strategy for the diamond complexes of Russia and India.

Design Considerations in the Development of a North American High Speed Turnout

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Abbott ◽  
Tom Lee ◽  
Gary Click ◽  
Steve Mattson ◽  
Ken W. Ouelette
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Ride Quality ◽  
Lateral Loads ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Entire Vehicle ◽  
Axle Loads ◽  
New Generation

North American turnout and special trackwork design has evolved in an operating environment in which axle loads have increased significantly but operating speeds have remained modest. Consequently, while trackwork components have become much more robust, turnout geometries and overall system design has remained essentially static for many decades. Implementation of high speed rail (“HSR”) in North America will necessitate a radically different approach to turnout engineering. While there is much to be learned from European and Asian experience with high speed, it is anticipated that vehicle designs and mixed freight access will result in much greater axle loads. The combination of operating speed and loading will present unique challenges. Critical design elements for North America’s new generation of HSR turnouts will include: a) Compound geometries to optimize ride quality and safety while keeping overall lengths within manageable limits. b) Fastening and horizontal support systems to withstand high dynamic lateral loads. c) Dampening systems to attenuate high frequency vibration. d) Detailing such as rail seat canting and kinematic gauge optimization to enhance ride quality and increase component life. e) High modulus vertical support systems. f) Drive and locking systems specifically tailored to long HSR layouts. Regulations governing the layout and maintenance tolerances of North American turnouts will also have to be re-examined with the advent of high speed rail. Complex geometries and rapid transient loading will render the conventional approach of limiting speeds based on calculated imbalance ineffective. Accurate and rational assessment of operating safety will demand the application of dynamic numeric modeling to the entire vehicle / turnout system.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Performance Analysis of a 40.1 kWp Grid-Connected Photovoltaic (GCPV) System after Eight Years of Energy Generation: A Case Study for Tochigi, Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7680
Author(s):  
Ghoname Abdullah ◽  
Hidekazu Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
International Electrotechnical Commission ◽  
Utilization Factor ◽  
And Performance

In this paper, the grid-connected photovoltaic system in Tochigi prefecture, Japan, is presented, and its technical and economic performance after eight years is evaluated. The system has a peak power of 40.1 kWp and has been in operation since 2012. The entire electricity generated by the system was fed into the state grid. The system is suitably monitored for one year (2019) and analyzed using the parameters developed and defined in the standard IEC 61724-1 by the International Electrotechnical Commission. The system’s different parameters included array yield, final yield, capacity utilization factor, and performance ratio of the system. An analytical model with solar irradiation obtained from Power Data Access Viewer was developed to investigate and evaluate the efficiency of the system monthly and annual energy generation by comparing the simulated and measured energy acquired from the inverter. A positive linear relationship is observed between solar irradiation data obtained from Power Data Access Viewer and the grid-connected photovoltaic system energy injected into the utility grid. While an annual total of 48,521 kWh of energy was expected to be generated, 38,071 kWh was generated and injected into the utility in 2019. This study also introduces and explains the mechanism of the Feed-In-Tariff system in Japan. The performance of the grid-connected photovoltaic system under this study was compared with that of other systems installed across the globe.

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