scholarly journals Screening of Enzyme Producers with Keratinase Activity among Marine Actinobacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
K.V. Avdiyuk ◽  
◽  
V.A. Ivanytsia ◽  
L.D. Varbanets ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Marine Actinobacteria ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Cost Effective Method

About 2 million tons of feathers are produced annually around the world as a by-product of poultry farming. Due to the lack of funds and the complexity of processing, they have become one of the main environmental pollutants. The biodegradation of feathers by keratinolytic microorganisms has proven to be an effective, environmentally friendly and cost-effective method of bioconverting feather waste into a nutritious, balanced and easily digestible product that contains free amino acids, peptides and ammonium ions. Aim. To investigate the ability of marine actinobacteria to synthesize enzymes with keratinolytic activity and to study some of the physicochemical properties of the most active enzyme preparation. The object of the study was 10 strains of actinobacteria isolated from bottom sediments in the area of the Pradneprovsky trench of the Black Sea shelf. Methods. Caseinolytic (general proteolytic) activity was determined by the Anson method modified by Petrova, based on the quantitative determination of tyrosine, which is formed during the enzymatic hydrolysis of casein. Keratinase activity was determined by UV absorption at 280 nm of the hydrolysis products of keratin-containing raw materials. The cultivation of actinobacteria was carried out in a liquid nutrient medium with the addition of defatted chicken feathers as the main source of carbon and nitrogen. Results. The ability to hydrolyze keratin was found in five cultures. Moreover, all the strains studied were practically unable to break down casein. The Acty 9 strain (12 U/ml) showed the highest keratinase activity. Additional introduction of NaCl to the nutrient medium did not have a positive effect on the enzymes synthesis. The study of the physicochemical properties of the enzyme preparation Acty 9 showed that the pH and thermooptimum were 9.0 and 60°C, respectively. It retained 100% of the initial activity in the range of pH 7.0–10.0 after 3 h and 95% activity at pH 8.0 after 24 h of incubation. The studied enzyme preparation was thermostable, since it remained active for 3 h at 50°C and 1 h at 60°C. Conclusions. The extracellular keratinase synthesized by actinobacterium Acty 9 is promising for further research, since the enzyme is pH and thermostable and is not inferior in its physicochemical properties to those previously described in the literature.

scholarly journals Recycling of Waste Sludge: Preparation and Application of Sludge-Based Activated Carbon

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongning Bian ◽  
Qian Yuan ◽  
Guocheng Zhu ◽  
Bozhi Ren ◽  
Andrew Hursthouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Adsorption Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pollutants Removal ◽  
Physical And Chemical

With the rapidly increasing industrial and agricultural development, a large amount of sludge has been produced from much water treatment. Sludge treatment has become one of the most important environmental issues. Resource utilization of sludge is one of the important efficient methods for solving this issue. Sludge-based activated carbon (SBAC) materials have high adsorption performance and can effectively remove environmental pollutants including typical organic matter and heavy metals through physical and chemical processes. Therefore, developing efficient SBAC materials is important and valuable. At present, preparation, modification, and application of SBAC materials have gained widespread attention. This paper provides a review of the research on SBAC preparation and modification and its utilization in removing environmental pollutants. It included the following topics present in this review: conventional and new methods for preparation of SBAC were clearly present; the effective methods for improving SBAC performance via physical and chemical modification were reviewed; and the correlation of their physic-chemical properties of SBAC with pollutants’ removal efficiencies as well as the removal mechanisms was revealed. SBAC has a better adsorption performance than commercial activated carbon in some aspects. Furthermore, it is a cost-effective technique and has a wide range of raw materials. However, there are still some drawbacks to its research; thus, some suggestions for further research were given in this review.

scholarly journals Valorization of waste foods using pullulan hydrolase from Thermococcus kodakarensis

Amylase ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Naeem Rashid ◽  
Anjum Shehzad ◽  
Nasir Ahmad ◽  
Zaheer Hussain ◽  
Muhammad S. Haider
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Thermococcus Kodakarensis ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Starchy Food ◽  
Starchy Foods

Abstract The starchy foods including staled or leftover bread, insect infested or damaged cereal grains and bakery wastes are usually discarded, which is a threat to public health due to extensive fungal growth. In the present study we have utilized them as raw materials for synthesis of maltose and glucose syrups using pullulan hydrolase from Thermococcus kodakarensis (TK-PUL). The novelty of the process was that whole process was completed: (i) in the absence of any liquefying amylase; (ii) without pre-gelatinization of starch; and (iii) using undisrupted E. coli cells, expressing TK-PUL gene, as a source of extremely thermostable TK-PUL protein. Since glucose and maltose can serve as precursors for a variety of biotechnological products, it is therefore anticipated that hydrolysis of starchy food wastes by TK-PUL would be highly beneficial. It will serve as cost effective measure not only to extract valuables from rubbish but also lower the level of environmental pollutants.

A cost-effective method for recycling carbon and metals in plants: synthesizing nanomaterials

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyang Liu ◽  
Miao Ren ◽  
Jiao Qu ◽  
Yue Feng ◽  
Xiangmeng Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sedum Alfredii ◽  
Mine Area ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanomaterials

This work focuses on the synthesis of nanomaterials, including multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), nanoparticles and nanocomposites, using the shoots of Sedum alfredii Hance and Brassica juncea L. (collected from a Cu–Zn mine area) as raw materials.

scholarly journals Efficient and cost-effective method to synthesize highly purified Ti4AlN3 and Ti2AlN

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 1950008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Faraz Ud Din ◽  
Chenhui Yang ◽  
Yi Tang ◽  
Yapeng Tian ◽  
Yangyang Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Layered Structure ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Synthesis Mechanism ◽  
Synthesis Parameters ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Pure Phase ◽  
Sintering Method

Nitrides MAX have attracted ever-growing interest owing to its unique metallic and ceramic characteristics and properties. Here, we report on the synthesis of highly purified Ti2AlN and Ti4AlN3 powders from Ti, Al and TiN powders by a facile atmosphere sintering method. The obtained nitrides show highly pure phase and excellent layered structure. Except for the composition difference of raw materials, both the nitrides can be sintered and obtained by same sintering temperature and holding time, which thus makes less processing time and less usage of synthesis parameters as compared to previously synthesis methods. To our knowledge, present work is one of the few reports on synthesis of Ti4AlN3 and Ti2AlN using atmosphere sintering method. Furthermore, the lattice changes of the layered structure of Ti2Al[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) were studied by changing the composition of [Formula: see text] position from the synthesis of Ti2AlCN and Ti2AlC, and the optimal formulation and synthesis mechanism of Ti4AlN3 were also studied.

CAD Of Anticorrosive Protection Of Steel Structures

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Keyword(s):  
Protective Coating ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Computational Tool ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Aided Design

The choice of cost-effective method of anticorrosive protection of steel structures is an urgent and time consuming task, considering the significant number of protection ways, differing from each other in the complex of technological, physical, chemical and economic characteristics. To reduce the complexity of solving this problem, the author proposes a computational tool that can be considered as a subsystem of computer-aided design and used at the stage of variant and detailed design of steel structures. As a criterion of the effectiveness of the anti-corrosion protection method, the cost of the protective coating during the service life is accepted. The analysis of existing methods of steel protection against corrosion is performed, the possibility of their use for the protection of the most common steel structures is established, as well as the estimated period of effective operation of the coating. The developed computational tool makes it possible to choose the best method of protection of steel structures against corrosion, taking into account the operating conditions of the protected structure and the possibility of using a protective coating.

Monitoring effluent quality in hypertrophic wastewater reservoirs using remote sensing

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Dor ◽  
N. Ben-Yosef
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Optical Images ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Wastewater Quality

About one hundred and fifty wastewater reservoirs store effluents for irrigation in Israel. Effluent qualities differ according to the inflowing wastewater quality, the degree of pretreatment and the operational parameters. Certain aspects of water quality like concentration of organic matter, suspended solids and chlorophyll are significantly correlated with the water column transparency and colour. Accordingly optical images of the reservoirs obtained from the SPOT satellite demonstrate pronounced differences correlated with the water quality. The analysis of satellite multispectral images is based on a theoretical model. The model calculates, using the radiation transfer equation, the volume reflectance of the water body. Satellite images of 99 reservoirs were analyzed in the chromacity space in order to classify them according to water quality. Principal Component Analysis backed by the theoretical model increases the method sensitivity. Further elaboration of this approach will lead to the establishment of a time and cost effective method for the routine monitoring of these hypertrophic wastewater reservoirs.

A Cost-Effective Method to Prepare Pure Vildagliptin

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Peng ◽  
Yue Feng ◽  
Zhu Tao ◽  
Yingjie Chen ◽  
Xiangnan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Effective Method

scholarly journals End-of-Life Alternatives of Glass Reinforced Polyester Boat Hulls Compared by LCA

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 096369351802700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Önal ◽  
Gökdeniz Neşer
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Photochemical Oxidation ◽  
Human Toxicity ◽  
Vacuum Infusion ◽  
Infusion Method

Glass reinforced polyester (GRP), as a thermoset polymer composites, dominates boat building industry with its several advantages such as high strength/weight ratio, cohesiveness, good resistance to environment. However, proper recovering and recycling of GRP boats is became a current environmental requirement that should be met by the related industry. In this study, to propose in a cost effective and environmentally friendly way, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been carried out for six scenarios include two moulding methods (namely Hand Lay-up Method, HLM and Vacuum Infusion Method, VIM) and three End-of-Life (EoL) alternatives(namely Extruding, Incineration and Landfill) for a recreational boat's GRP hulls. A case study from raw materials purchasing phase to disposal/recycling stages has been established taking 11 m length GRP boat hull as the functional unit. Analysis show that in the production phase, the impacts are mainly due to the use of energy (electricity), transport and raw material manufacture. Largest differences between the methods considered (HLM and VIM) can be observed in the factors of marine aquatic ecotoxicity and eutrophication while the closest ones are abiotic depletion, ozon layer depletion and photochemical oxidation. The environmental impact of VIM is much higher than HLM due to its higher energy consumption while vacuum infusion method has lower risk than hand lay-up method in terms of occupational health by using less raw material (resin) in a closed mold. In the comparison of the three EoL techniques, the mechanical way of recycling (granule extruding) shows better environmental impacts except terrestrial ecotoxicity, photochemical oxidation and acidification. Among the EoL alternatives, landfill has the highest environmental impacts except ‘global warming potential’ and ‘human toxicity’ which are the highest in extrusion. The main cause of the impacts of landfill is the transportation needs between the EoL boats and the licenced landfill site. Although it has the higher impact on human toxicity, incineration is the second cleaner alternative of EoL techniques considered in this study. In fact that the similar trend has been observed both in production and EoL phases of the boat. It is obvious that using much more renewable energy mix and greener transportation alternative can reduce the overall impact of the all phases considerably.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document