scholarly journals 60 Years of Databases

2021 ◽  
pp. 040-071
Author(s):  
V.A. Reznichenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Relational Databases ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Conceptual Modeling ◽  
Query Languages ◽  
Active Object ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Database Research

The article provides an overview of research and development of databases since their appearance in the 60s of the last century to the present time. The following stages are distinguished: the emergence formation and rapid development, the era of relational databases, extended relational databases, post-relational databases and big data. At the stage of formation, the systems IDS, IMS, Total and Adabas are described. At the stage of rapid development, issues of ANSI/X3/SPARC database architecture, CODASYL proposals, concepts and languages of conceptual modeling are highlighted. At the stage of the era of relational databases, the results of E. Codd's scientific activities, the theory of dependencies and normal forms, query languages, experimental research and development, optimization and standardization, and transaction management are revealed. The extended relational databases phase is devoted to describing temporal, spatial, deductive, active, object, distributed and statistical databases, array databases, and database machines and data warehouses. At the next stage, the problems of post-relational databases are disclosed, namely, NOSQL-, NewSQL- and ontological databases. The sixth stage is devoted to the disclosure of the causes of occurrence, characteristic properties, classification, principles of work, methods and technologies of big data. Finally, the last section provides a brief overview of database research and development in the Soviet Union.

Research on Database Schema Comparison of Relational Databases and Key-Value Stores

2014 ◽  
Vol 1049-1050 ◽  
pp. 1860-1863
Author(s):  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
Hua Fang
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Relational Databases ◽  
Efficient Solution ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Database Schema ◽  
Typical Application ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Management Capacity ◽  
High Scalability

With the rapid development of Internet technology, the management capacity of traditional relational databases becomes relatively inefficient when facing the access and processing of big data. As a kind of non-relational databases, the key-value stores, with its high scalability, provide an efficient solution to the problem. This article introduces the concept and features of Key-Value stores, and followed by the comparison with the traditional relational databases, and an example is illustrated to explain its typical application and finally the existing problems of Key-Value stores are summarized.

scholarly journals The History of Al-Maturidy Theology In The Volga Region

KALAM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Ramil Adygamov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chronological Sequence ◽  
Volga Ural Region

Al-Maturidy theology has been considered as a traditional creed for many regions in the world, including Volga region of Russia. Throughout the Soviet period, Muslims in Volga were forced to practice their religion in secretive manner, which eventually caused an interruption in the chain of spiritual continuity. But, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Muslims in Volga started to return to their ethno-confessional tradition. At the same time, the theological tradition had to compete with the Salafi ideology which begun to arrive in the region from abroad. As such has triggered the Muslim proponents of Maturidy traditions to reclaim their heritage. This study aims at tracing the historical process of the origin and development of Maturidy thought in the Volga-Ural region. It uses descriptive and comparative methods and the theory of continuity and changes. Observing the chronological sequence, the study traces the process of the origin and development of Maturidy ideology. The chronological scope of this study is limited by the period from the tenth century until our time. The study reveals that the al-Maturidy's teachings in the region for all periods of historical development have experienced five periods. Three periods show a rapid development stage and two periods experience a decline.

Aspects of Soviet–African Economic Relations

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rubinstein
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
African Country ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World War ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Soviet Union

The last decade has witnessed a rapid development of economic relations between the Soviet Union and independent African countries. In examining certain economic and geographical aspects of this development, it should be borne in mind that Soviet–African economic relations are a quite new trend in world affairs. Before World War II the Soviet Union's foreign trade was conducted mainly with the advanced capitalist countries. Since the majority of the under-developed countries were very limited. Egypt was the only African country trading with the Soviet Union at the end of the 1920s. But Great Britain, then dominating Egypt, blocked any trade agreement between the two states. The volume of trade between them was very small, and at the beginning of World War II it ceased almost completely.

scholarly journals Hybrid Mobile-App. on Multi-MEC Platforms in NFV Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Jinsul Kim ◽  
Akm Ashiquzzaman ◽  
Van Quan Nguyen ◽  
Sang Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Query Languages ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Network Function Virtualization ◽  
Nosql Databases

In recent times, practicality of web applications has become more reliant upon big-data orientated materials such 4K videos, hi-def. resolution images, lossless audios and massive texts. Structured Query Languages (SQL) faces compatibility issues with large scale databases. Because of this data storage problem, NoSQL databases are used for storing big-data. NoSQL databases have been recently gaining traction with many options such MongoDB, CouchDB, Redis and Apache Cassandra. One of the major restrictions companies, enterprises and developers encounter during developing an application is multiplicative cost of building a native programing across different platforms. Besides, network Function Virtualization (NFV) plays a vital role for providing services for utilizing such applications in larger and more effective scale. Hence, in this paper, we discussed our main motivation behind selecting Iconic Framework, a hybrid system for rapid development real-time application based on Firebase in the NFV environment cooperating with Mobile Edge Computing (MEC). As a result, this approach provides comparatively flexible features.  

scholarly journals A Survey on Unsupervised K-Means Algorithm in Big Data Environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Fatama Sharf Al-deen ◽  
Fadl Mutaher Ba-Alwi
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Relational Databases ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Learning Technologies ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Data Environment

Due to the rapid development in information technology, Big Data has become one of its prominent feature that had a great impact on other technologies dealing with data such as machine learning technologies. K-mean is one of the most important machine learning algorithms. The algorithm was first developed as a clustering technology dealing with relational databases. However, the advent of Big Data has highly effected its performance. Therefore, many researchers have proposed several approaches to improve K-mean accuracy in Big Data environment. In this paper, we introduce a literature review about different technologies proposed for k-mean algorithm development in Big Data. We demonstrate a comparison between them according to several criteria, including the proposed algorithm, the database used, Big Data tools, and k-mean applications. This paper helps researchers to see the most important challenges and trends of the k-mean algorithm in the Big Data environment.

scholarly journals An adaptive spark-based framework for querying large-scale NoSQL and relational databases

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255562
Author(s):  
Eman Khashan ◽  
Ali Eldesouky ◽  
Sally Elghamrawy
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Relational Databases ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Query Languages ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Query Execution ◽  
Database Queries ◽  
Nosql Databases ◽  
Complex Queries

The growing popularity of big data analysis and cloud computing has created new big data management standards. Sometimes, programmers may interact with a number of heterogeneous data stores depending on the information they are responsible for: SQL and NoSQL data stores. Interacting with heterogeneous data models via numerous APIs and query languages imposes challenging tasks on multi-data processing developers. Indeed, complex queries concerning homogenous data structures cannot currently be performed in a declarative manner when found in single data storage applications and therefore require additional development efforts. Many models were presented in order to address complex queries Via multistore applications. Some of these models implemented a complex unified and fast model, while others’ efficiency is not good enough to solve this type of complex database queries. This paper provides an automated, fast and easy unified architecture to solve simple and complex SQL and NoSQL queries over heterogeneous data stores (CQNS). This proposed framework can be used in cloud environments or for any big data application to automatically help developers to manage basic and complicated database queries. CQNS consists of three layers: matching selector layer, processing layer, and query execution layer. The matching selector layer is the heart of this architecture in which five of the user queries are examined if they are matched with another five queries stored in a single engine stored in the architecture library. This is achieved through a proposed algorithm that directs the query to the right SQL or NoSQL database engine. Furthermore, CQNS deal with many NoSQL Databases like MongoDB, Cassandra, Riak, CouchDB, and NOE4J databases. This paper presents a spark framework that can handle both SQL and NoSQL Databases. Four scenarios’ benchmarks datasets are used to evaluate the proposed CQNS for querying different NoSQL Databases in terms of optimization process performance and query execution time. The results show that, the CQNS achieves best latency and throughput in less time among the compared systems.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN THE USSR AND THE FRANCOIST SPAIN IN THE 1960-S

2017 ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Georgy Filatov
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Francisco Franco ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Eastern Front ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The 1960S

Relations between Spain and the Soviet Union in the XX century had periods of rapid development and quick decline. During the civil war in Spain the ties intensified unprecedentedly, but the rule of Francisco Franco was marked by the transformation of the two states into ideological and political opponents. The period of World War II can be considered as the lowest point in the relationship, when Spanish volunteers fought in the Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front. The situation did not improve after the war, when the Soviet Union proposed the most stringent measures to influence the Franco regime. Nevertheless, since the second half of the 1950s, when both regimes experienced a period of relative liberalization, direct channels of communication, primarily economic, have begun to appear. Together with symbolic steps that the sides exchanged, the development of economic relations contributed significantly to the change. The Soviet Union supplied aluminum, cellu-lose and tractors, Spain exported agricultural products and copper. Since the middle of the 1960s, the range of goods has become more diverse: in Soviet deliveries, oil and oil products have played an increasing role, and Spain has provided more and more consumer goods. In the second half of the 1960s a new sphere has opened for the trade relations between Madrid and Moscow - fishing. Active development of the fishing industry in the USSR required new fishing areas, and the Spanish ports were convenient for basing Soviet fishing vessels. In the end of the decade, the sides signed a number of bilateral treaties regulating the mutual use of coastal infrastruc-ture. Economic ties between the USSR and the francoist Spain began to pave the way for establishing normal relations between the two countries.

F. Poletayev and Italian Resistance Movement

10.12737/6229 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Бычков ◽  
Maksim Bychkov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Political Literature ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intensive Work ◽  
Resistance Movement ◽  
Guerrilla Movement

The article considers participation of Soviet soldiers in the Italian Resistance on the example of Fyodor Poletayev. The guerrilla movement which began in Italy is analyzed in the context of the General history of the country in the 1920–1940-s. The fascist regime did not have a wide social base. Despite the apparent inability of the anti-fascist political parties and movements to agree among themselves and to take radical action to overthrow it, Italian people have been able to boldly speak out against it. This is reflected in rapid development of partisan movement, which despite harsh repression by German occupiers and their Italian allies was able to conduct intensive work on the liberation of Italy. Soviet soldiers fought among them. This topic was raised in Soviet historical and political literature, but has unfortunately dropped out of public attention recently and therefore requires a sort of resuscitation. This theme allows identifying the complexity, the diversity of problems faced by the people of the Soviet Union, and at the same time shows the role and importance of a common man on the background of global events.

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