scholarly journals The Effects of Student’s Attitudes and Self-Efficacy on Science Achievement

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Adiyo Roebianto
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Science Achievement ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Student's Attitudes ◽  
Student’S Attitude ◽  
Mathematics And Science ◽  
Science Subject

AbstractOne of the critical subjects in school that needs to be assessed is a science subject. Without a science subject, students cannot observe and understand a phenomenon on earth. However, results from an international study such as Trends International in Mathematics and Science (TIMSS), students in Indonesia performed poorly compared to students from another country. Furthermore, science is one of the essential education for children as it included in the STEM Education (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics). From some empirical evidence, student’s attitude and self-efficacy (beliefs about their ability and skill) were found to be dominant predictors of student’s achievement, not excluded, science achievement. However, most of the research analyses the data under conventional regression analysis. Instead of under the structural modelling, and so the results can be considered carefully. This research will analyze a science achievement of Indonesian cohort, and the predictors would be self-efficacy, student’s attitudes toward science, school and teaching. Five hundred seventy-six data of students would be examined path analysis to answer the research questions. The results were found that both student’s attitude and self-efficacy had a significant direct role in determining student achievement in science. To be specific, attitude towards science had the most significant impact on science achievement, over self-efficacy. However, interestingly, the pattern of the effect from those predictors was different toward Science achievement. The practical aspects of the results of this study will be discussed in the discussion section.AbstrakSalah satu mata pelajaran penting di sekolah yang perlu dinilai adalah mata pelajaran sains.  Tanpa mata pelajaran sains, siswa tidak dapat mengamati dan memahami fenomena di bumi.  Namun, hasil dari studi internasional seperti Trends International in Mathematics and Science (TIMSS), prestasi sains siswa di Indonesia lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan siswa dari negara lain.  Selanjutnya, sains adalah salah satu Pendidikan yang penting untuk anak-anak karena termasuk dalam Pendidikan STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics). Dari beberapa penelitian, sikap dan efikasi diri siswa (kepercayaan tentang kemampuan dan keterampilan mereka) ditemukan sebagai prediktor yang dominan terhadap prestasi siswa, tidak terkecuali, prestasi sains.  Namun, sebagian besar penelitian menganalisis data dengan analisis regresi konvensional.  Jika analisis dilakukan dengan model persamaan struktural, maka hasilnya dapat dipertimbangkan dengan hati-hati.  Penelitian ini akan menganalisis prestasi sains dari siswa Indonesia, dan prediktornya adalah efikasi diri, sikap siswa terhadap sains, sekolah, dan guru.  Lima ratus tujuh puluh enam data siswa akan dianalisis dengan analisis jalur (path analysis) untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian.  Hasilnya ditemukan bahwa sikap dan efikasi diri siswa memiliki peranan langsung yang signifikan dalam menentukan prestasi siswa dalam mata pelajaran sains. Secara lebih spesifik, sikap terhadap sains memiliki dampak paling signifikan terhadap pencapaian prestasi sains, pengaruh ini lebih besar dibandingkan pengaruh dari efikasi diri.  Namun, yang menarik adalah pola pengaruh dari tiap prediktor tersebut berbeda – beda dampaknya terhadap prestasi sains. Aspek praktis dari hasil penelitian ini akan dibahas pada bagian diskusi.

Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study and gendered math teaching in Kuwait

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatimah Ahmad ◽  
Heather Greenhalgh-Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Education Research ◽  
Math Education ◽  
Math Performance ◽  
Science Study ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Math Teaching ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Mathematics And Science

This paper argues for a more complex literature around gender and math performance. In order to argue for this complexity, we present a small portion of data from a case study examining the performance of Kuwaiti students on the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study and on Kuwait national math tests. Westernized discourses suggest that girls have a harder time in math classes; these discourses frame and are reified by prominent literature and practices within the field of math education research that suggest that women and girls need help in order to reach their potential in math. These Westernized discourses stand in contrast to the discourses in Kuwait that normalize women and girls as outperforming boys in all subjects – including all science, technology, engineering and mathematics subjects. As our study shows, the reality is more complex. And, while the reality is more complex, we yet lack the discourses to understand this complexity.

scholarly journals Bioinformatics Education in High School: Implications for Promoting Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Careers

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina N. Kovarik ◽  
Davis G. Patterson ◽  
Carolyn Cohen ◽  
Elizabeth A. Sanders ◽  
Karen A. Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Student Interest ◽  
Stem Careers ◽  
Career Information ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
And Mathematics

We investigated the effects of our Bio-ITEST teacher professional development model and bioinformatics curricula on cognitive traits (awareness, engagement, self-efficacy, and relevance) in high school teachers and students that are known to accompany a developing interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) careers. The program included best practices in adult education and diverse resources to empower teachers to integrate STEM career information into their classrooms. The introductory unit, Using Bioinformatics: Genetic Testing, uses bioinformatics to teach basic concepts in genetics and molecular biology, and the advanced unit, Using Bioinformatics: Genetic Research, utilizes bioinformatics to study evolution and support student research with DNA barcoding. Pre–post surveys demonstrated significant growth (n = 24) among teachers in their preparation to teach the curricula and infuse career awareness into their classes, and these gains were sustained through the end of the academic year. Introductory unit students (n = 289) showed significant gains in awareness, relevance, and self-efficacy. While these students did not show significant gains in engagement, advanced unit students (n = 41) showed gains in all four cognitive areas. Lessons learned during Bio-ITEST are explored in the context of recommendations for other programs that wish to increase student interest in STEM careers.

scholarly journals Connecting Mathematics and Science in Primary School STEM Education: Modeling the Population Growth of Species

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 2496
Author(s):  
Genaro de Gamboa ◽  
Edelmira Badillo ◽  
Digna Couso ◽  
Conxita Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Stem Education ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Scientific Practices ◽  
Learning Sequence ◽  
Mathematical Connections ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Real Population ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Mathematics And Science

In this research, we explored the potential of using a research-based teaching and learning sequence to promote pupils’ engagement in practices that are coherent with those of real world mathematical and scientific activity. This STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematis) sequence was designed and implemented by pre-service teachers and science and mathematics education researchers with the aim of modeling the growth of a real population of rabbits. Results show explicit evidence of pupils’ engagement in relevant mathematical and scientific practices, as well as detailed descriptions of mathematical connections that emerged from those practices. We discuss how these practices and connections allowed the progressive construction of models, and the implications that this proposal may have for STEM task design and for the analysis of extra-mathematical connections.

scholarly journals Investigation of Middle School Students’ Attitudes towards Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Education and Determination of the Predictors

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Cennet GÖLOĞLU DEMİR ◽  
Nagihan TANIK ÖNAL ◽  
Nezih ÖNAL
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Stem Education ◽  
Science Achievement ◽  
Career Planning ◽  
School Students ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Attitudes Towards Science ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
And Mathematics

The purpose of the current study is to investigate middle school students’ attitudes towards Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education and to determine the predictors of these attitudes. The study was designed according to the relational survey model, one of the quantitative research designs. The sample of the study is comprised of 408 middle school sixth, seventh and eighth grade students. The data of the current study were collected by using a STEM-oriented attitude scale. In order to analyse the collected data, independent samples t-test, one-way variance analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used. As a result of these analyses, it was determined that the students’ attitudes towards STEM vary significantly depending on the students’ gender, grade level, participation in in-school and out-of-school social activities, science and mathematics achievement. The most effective three predictors of STEM were found to be science achievement, being a 6th grader and being female. The state of being female was found to be negatively correlated with the prediction of the attitudes towards STEM. As a conclusion of the study, suggestions were made to eliminate gender-based differences in the attitudes towards STEM, to increase STEM activities in upper grades and for career planning.

scholarly journals Sources of self-efficacy and outcome expectations in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics domains: A meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 118-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung-Bin Sheu ◽  
Robert W. Lent ◽  
Matthew J. Miller ◽  
Lee T. Penn ◽  
Megan E. Cusick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
And Mathematics

scholarly journals Domain-Specific Inhibitory Control Training to Improve Children’s Learning of Counterintuitive Concepts in Mathematics and Science

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah R. Wilkinson ◽  
◽  
Claire Smid ◽  
Su Morris ◽  
Emily K. Farran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Science Achievement ◽  
Science Content ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Achievement Data ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Counterintuitive Concepts ◽  
Mathematics And Science

AbstractEvidence from cognitive neuroscience suggests that learning counterintuitive concepts in mathematics and science requires inhibitory control (IC). This prevents interference from misleading perceptual cues and naïve theories children have built from their experiences of the world. Here, we (1) investigate associations between IC, counterintuitive reasoning, and academic achievement and (2) evaluate a classroom-based computerised intervention, called Stop & Think, designed to embed IC training within the learning domain (i.e. mathematics and science content from the school curricula). Cross-sectional analyses of data from 627 children in Years 3 and 5 (7- to 10-year-olds) demonstrated that IC, measured on a Stroop-like task, was associated with counterintuitive reasoning and mathematics and science achievement. A subsample (n = 456) participated either in Stop & Think as a whole-class activity (teacher-led, STT) or using individual computers (pupil-led, STP), or had teaching as usual (TAU). For Year 3 children (but not Year 5), Stop & Think led to better counterintuitive reasoning (i.e. near transfer) in STT (p < .001, ηp2 = .067) and STP (p < .01, ηp2 = .041) compared to TAU. Achievement data was not available for Year 3 STP or Year 5 STT. For Year 3, STT led to better science achievement (i.e. far transfer) compared to TAU (p < .05, ηp2 = .077). There was no transfer to the Stroop-like measure of IC. Overall, these findings support the idea that IC may contribute to counterintuitive reasoning and mathematics and science achievement. Further, we provide preliminary evidence of a domain-specific IC intervention with transferable benefits to academic achievement for Year 3 children.

scholarly journals The Science of Sex Differences in Science and Mathematics

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane F. Halpern ◽  
Camilla P. Benbow ◽  
David C. Geary ◽  
Ruben C. Gur ◽  
Janet Shibley Hyde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Science Achievement ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Math And Science ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Mathematics And Science

Amid ongoing public speculation about the reasons for sex differences in careers in science and mathematics, we present a consensus statement that is based on the best available scientific evidence. Sex differences in science and math achievement and ability are smaller for the mid-range of the abilities distribution than they are for those with the highest levels of achievement and ability. Males are more variable on most measures of quantitative and visuospatial ability, which necessarily results in more males at both high- and low-ability extremes; the reasons why males are often more variable remain elusive. Successful careers in math and science require many types of cognitive abilities. Females tend to excel in verbal abilities, with large differences between females and males found when assessments include writing samples. High-level achievement in science and math requires the ability to communicate effectively and comprehend abstract ideas, so the female advantage in writing should be helpful in all academic domains. Males outperform females on most measures of visuospatial abilities, which have been implicated as contributing to sex differences on standardized exams in mathematics and science. An evolutionary account of sex differences in mathematics and science supports the conclusion that, although sex differences in math and science performance have not directly evolved, they could be indirectly related to differences in interests and specific brain and cognitive systems. We review the brain basis for sex differences in science and mathematics, describe consistent effects, and identify numerous possible correlates. Experience alters brain structures and functioning, so causal statements about brain differences and success in math and science are circular. A wide range of sociocultural forces contribute to sex differences in mathematics and science achievement and ability—including the effects of family, neighborhood, peer, and school influences; training and experience; and cultural practices. We conclude that early experience, biological factors, educational policy, and cultural context affect the number of women and men who pursue advanced study in science and math and that these effects add and interact in complex ways. There are no single or simple answers to the complex questions about sex differences in science and mathematics.

scholarly journals The Gender-Equality Paradox in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gijsbert Stoet ◽  
David C. Geary
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Science Achievement ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
College Level ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Better Than

The underrepresentation of girls and women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields is a continual concern for social scientists and policymakers. Using an international database on adolescent achievement in science, mathematics, and reading ( N = 472,242), we showed that girls performed similarly to or better than boys in science in two of every three countries, and in nearly all countries, more girls appeared capable of college-level STEM study than had enrolled. Paradoxically, the sex differences in the magnitude of relative academic strengths and pursuit of STEM degrees rose with increases in national gender equality. The gap between boys’ science achievement and girls’ reading achievement relative to their mean academic performance was near universal. These sex differences in academic strengths and attitudes toward science correlated with the STEM graduation gap. A mediation analysis suggested that life-quality pressures in less gender-equal countries promote girls’ and women’s engagement with STEM subjects.

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