Elevated IL-17 and TGF-β Serum Levels: A Positive Correlation between T-helper 17 Cell-Related Pro-Inflammatory Responses with Major Depressive Disorder

Abstract Background Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) have a high suicide risk. Some evidence suggests that uric acid (UA) may be involved in the pathophysiology of MDD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether serum UA levels were associated with suicide risk in MDD patients. Methods One hundred four female patients with MDD (52 patients with suicide risk and 52 patients without suicide risk) and 52 healthy individuals were included in this study. The suicide risk was evaluated by Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.). Fasting serum levels of UA, as well as glucose, lipid and renal function indicators were measured. Results Serum UA levels in MDD patients with suicide risk (245.01 ± 55.44 μmol/L) were significantly lower than those in MDD patients without suicide risk (274.17 ± 72.65 μmol/L) (p = 0.017) and healthy controls (271.42 ± 55.25 μmol/L) (p = 0.030). There was no difference in serum UA levels between the MDD patients without suicide risk and healthy controls (p = 0.821). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between suicide risk and decreased serum UA levels (OR = 0.989, p = 0.010) in MDD patients. Conclusion Decreased serum UA levels were associated with suicide risk in MDD patients. Purinergic system dysfunction may be involved in the neurobiological basis of suicide risk in these patients.

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Association of serum uric acid levels with suicide risk in female patients with major depressive disorder: a comparative cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15810/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jing-Xu Chen ◽

Jun-Hui Feng ◽

Li-Gang Zhang ◽

Yan Liu ◽

Fu-De Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Patients

Abstract Background: Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) have a high suicide risk. Some evidence suggests that uric acid (UA) may be involved in the pathophysiology of MDD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether serum UA levels were associated with suicide risk in MDD patients.Methods: One hundred four female patients with MDD (52 patients with suicide risk and 52 patients without suicide risk) and 52 healthy individuals were included in this study. The suicide risk was evaluated by Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.). Fasting serum levels of UA, as well as glucose, lipid and renal function indicators were measured.Results: Serum UA levels in MDD patients with suicide risk (245.01 ± 55.44 μmol/L) were significantly lower than those in MDD patients without suicide risk (274.17 ± 72.65 μmol/L) (p = 0.017) and healthy controls (271.42 ± 55.25 μmol/L) (p = 0.030). There was no difference in serum UA levels between the MDD patients without suicide risk and healthy controls (p = 0.821). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between suicide risk and decreased serum UA levels (OR = 0.989, p = 0.010) in MDD patients.Conclusion: Decreased serum UA levels were associated with suicide risk in MDD patients. Purinergic system dysfunction may be involved in the neurobiological basis of suicide risk in these patients.

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Association of serum uric acid levels with suicide risk in female patients with major depressive disorder: a comparative cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15810/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jing-Xu Chen ◽

Jun-Hui Feng ◽

Li-Gang Zhang ◽

Yan Liu ◽

Fu-De Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Patients

Abstract Background: Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) have a high suicide risk. Some evidence suggests that uric acid (UA) may be involved in the pathophysiology of MDD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether serum UA levels were associated with suicide risk in MDD patients.Methods: One hundred four female patients with MDD (52 patients with suicide risk and 52 patients without suicide risk) and 52 healthy individuals were included in this study. The suicide risk was evaluated by Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.). Fasting serum levels of UA, as well as glucose, lipid and renal function indicators were measured.Results: Serum UA levels in MDD patients with suicide risk (245.01 ± 55.44 μmol/L) were significantly lower than those in MDD patients without suicide risk (274.17 ± 72.65 μmol/L) (p = 0.017) and healthy controls (271.42 ± 55.25 μmol/L) (p = 0.030). There was no difference in serum UA levels between the MDD patients without suicide risk and healthy controls (p = 0.821). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between suicide risk and decreased serum UA levels (OR = 0.989, p = 0.010) in MDD patients.Conclusion: Decreased serum UA levels were associated with suicide risk in MDD patients. Purinergic system dysfunction may be involved in the neurobiological basis of suicide risk in these patients.

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BDNF Genetic Variant and Its Genotypic Fluctuation in Major Depressive Disorder

Behavioural Neurology ◽

10.1155/2021/7117613 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Caroline Ferreira Fratelli ◽

Jhon Willatan Siqueira ◽

Bruna Rodrigues Gontijo ◽

Maurício de Lima Santos ◽

Calliandra Maria de Souza Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Genetic Variant ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Unknown Etiology ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Different Populations ◽

Protein Serum

Major depressive disorder (MDD) still has an unknown etiology and mechanisms. Many studies have been conducted seeking to associate and understand the connection of different genetic variants to this disease. Researchers have extensively studied the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met genetic variant in MDD; yet, their findings remain inconsistent. This systematic review sought to verify the GG (Val/Val) genotype frequency fluctuation in different populations with MDD. For this, we searched in different databases and, after applying the eligibility criteria, selected 17 articles. Most studies demonstrate the higher frequency of the ancestral (wild) GG (Val/Val) genotype, although associations of the polymorphic A (Met) allele, changes in BDNF protein serum levels, or both were also found in MDD, whether related to the disease’s development or other factors. Nevertheless, despite these findings, disagreements between several studies are seen. For this reason, further BDNF Val66Met genetic variant studies should not only bridge the gap in the knowledge of this polymorphism’s role in MDD’s different facets but also analyze the genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity in different populations to help provide a better quality of life for patients.

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Neuroendocrine and Inflammatory Effects of Childhood Trauma Following Psychosocial and Inflammatory Stress in Women with Remitted Major Depressive Disorder

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci9120375 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 375

Author(s):

Laura L.M. Cassiers ◽

Peter Niemegeers ◽

Erik Fransen ◽

Manuel Morrens ◽

Peter De Boer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Childhood Trauma ◽

Psychosocial Stress ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Stress Test ◽

Trier Social Stress Test ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Inflammatory Stress ◽

Tnf Α

The dysregulation of the inflammatory and neuroendocrine systems seen in major depressive disorder (MDD) may persist after remission and this is associated with a higher risk of relapse. This vulnerable subgroup may be characterized by a history of childhood trauma. In a single-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover study, 21 women with remitted recurrent MDD and 18 healthy controls were exposed to psychosocial stress (Trier social stress test) or inflammatory stress (typhoid vaccine), or both, to investigate the effects of childhood trauma on the neuroendocrine and inflammatory responses. Childhood trauma was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and participants were dichotomized into a traumatized and non-traumatized group. Serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured at regular intervals after each intervention. The effects of trauma, time, and intervention on these parameters were modeled by fitting linear mixed models. Childhood trauma in itself did not have a main effect on the outcome measurements. However, an interactional effect of trauma with stressor type was found in the remitted MDD group: trauma was associated with higher cortisol levels only after adding immunological to psychosocial stress, and with lower TNF-α levels in response to vaccination. This suggests the existence of a vulnerable trauma-associated MDD endophenotype.

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Increased serum levels of leptin and insulin in both schizophrenia and major depressive disorder: A cross-disorder proteomics analysis

European Neuropsychopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.05.010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 835-846 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Nuray Çakici ◽

Mariska Bot ◽

Femke Lamers ◽

Thomas Janssen ◽

Peter J. van der Spek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Proteomics Analysis

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Serum Interleukin Levels and Insulin Resistance in Major Depressive Disorder

CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871527317666180720155300 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (8) ◽

pp. 618-625 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hussein Kadhem Al-Hakeim ◽

Sadiq Neama Al-Kufi ◽

Arafat Hussein Al-Dujaili ◽

Michael Maes

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Immune System ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Glucose Ratio ◽

Cytokine Levels ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

Tgf Β1

Background & Objective: Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with inflammatory processes, including increased cytokine levels, even in individuals who are otherwise physically healthy, while some MDD patients may show insulin resistance (IR). Method: However, correlations between cytokines and IR parameters have not been studied extensively in MDD. In the present study, we measured IL-1β, IL-4, IFN-γ, TGF-β1, insulin and glucose in 63 MDD patients and 27 healthy controls. The associations between cytokine levels and IR were examined. Results: The results revealed a significant increase (p<0.05) in serum levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IFN-γ, TGF-β1, insulin, insulin/glucose ratio, and insulin resistance (HOMA2IR) in MDD patients as compared with controls. There was a significant correlation between HOMA2IR with both IFN-γ (ρ=0.289, p<0.05) and TGF-β1 (ρ=0.364, p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study further confirms that MDD is accompanied by activation of the immune system with significant elevations in the levels of four cytokines. These results indicate stimulation of the immune system and increased IR and modulation of IR by increased cytokine levels in MDD. These findings show that immune activation and associated IR are a new drug target in depression.

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Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Major Depressive Disorder

Human Performance Optimization ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190455132.003.0004 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 62-89

Author(s):

Revathy U. Chottekalapanda ◽

Paul Greengard ◽

Yotam Sagi

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

The United States ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Integrated Network ◽

Diagnostic Aspects ◽

Drug And Alcohol ◽

Molecular Framework

Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects more than 20 million people in the United States. Depression is comorbid with other psychiatric disorders and can increase risks of drug and alcohol abuse and suicide. Available antidepressants have limited efficacy and new therapeutic targets are needed. MDD and antidepressant responses are mediated via neurotransmitter signaling mechanisms and inflammatory responses involving an integrated network of limbic brain regions that include hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and nucleus accumbens. Although this limbic circuit is broadly described, researchers do not understand how the properties of neurons within the circuit are altered in depression. The authors present the regulation of the p11 signaling module in this circuit, describe the diagnostic aspects of p11 function, and lay out a cellular and molecular framework for the understanding of MDD and the development of novel antidepressant therapies.

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