E-Cigarettes, Cigarettes, and the Prevalence of Adolescent Tobacco Use

2017 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Barrington-Trimis ◽  
Robert Urman ◽  
Adam M. Leventhal ◽  
W. James Gauderman ◽  
Tess Boley Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
Adolescent Tobacco Use

BACKGROUND Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among adolescents has increased since their introduction into the US market in 2007. Little is known about the role of e-cigarette psychosocial factors on risk of e-cigarette or cigarette use in adolescence. METHODS Information on e-cigarette and cigarette psychosocial factors (use and attitudes about use in the home and among friends) was collected from 11th- and 12th-grade participants in the Southern California Children’s Health Study during the spring of 2014. RESULTS Of 2084 participants, 499 (24.0%) had used an e-cigarette, including 200 (9.6%) current users (past 30 days); 390 participants (18.7%) had smoked a combustible cigarette, and 119 (5.7%) were current cigarette smokers. Cigarette and e-cigarette use were correlated. Nevertheless, 40.5% (n = 81) of current e-cigarette users had never smoked a cigarette. Psychosocial factors (home use of each product, friends’ use of and positive attitudes toward e-cigarettes and cigarettes) and participant perception of the harm of e-cigarettes were strongly positively associated both with e-cigarette and cigarette use. Most youth who reported e-cigarette use had friends who used e-cigarettes, and almost half of current users reported that they did not believe there were health risks associated with e-cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal studies of adolescents are needed to determine whether the strong association of e-cigarette psychosocial factors with both e-cigarette and cigarette use will lead to increased cigarette use or dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes, or whether e-cigarettes will serve as a gateway to cigarette use.

Psychosocial Factors Associated With Adolescent Electronic Cigarette and Cigarette Use

2017 ◽  
pp. 141-153
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Barrington-Trimis ◽  
Kiros Berhane ◽  
Jennifer B. Unger ◽  
Tess Boley Cruz ◽  
Jimi Huh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
The Us ◽  
Current Cigarette

BACKGROUND Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among adolescents has increased since their introduction into the US market in 2007. Little is known about the role of e-cigarette psychosocial factors on risk of e-cigarette or cigarette use in adolescence. METHODS Information on e-cigarette and cigarette psychosocial factors (use and attitudes about use in the home and among friends) was collected from 11th- and 12th-grade participants in the Southern California Children’s Health Study during the spring of 2014. RESULTS Of 2084 participants, 499 (24.0%) had used an e-cigarette, including 200 (9.6%) current users (past 30 days); 390 participants (18.7%) had smoked a combustible cigarette, and 119 (5.7%) were current cigarette smokers. Cigarette and e-cigarette use were correlated. Nevertheless, 40.5% (n = 81) of current e-cigarette users had never smoked a cigarette. Psychosocial factors (home use of each product, friends’ use of and positive attitudes toward e-cigarettes and cigarettes) and participant perception of the harm of e-cigarettes were strongly positively associated both with e-cigarette and cigarette use. Most youth who reported e-cigarette use had friends who used e-cigarettes, and almost half of current users reported that they did not believe there were health risks associated with e-cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal studies of adolescents are needed to determine whether the strong association of e-cigarette psychosocial factors with both e-cigarette and cigarette use will lead to increased cigarette use or dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes, or whether e-cigarettes will serve as a gateway to cigarette use.

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Associations of Smoking and E-cigarette Use with Self-Reported Diagnosed Hypertension: Findings from Wave 3 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Connor R. Miller ◽  
Hangchuan Shi ◽  
Dongmei Li ◽  
Maciej L. Goniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Assessment ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Never Smokers

Following their introduction a decade ago, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have grown in popularity. Given their novelty, knowledge of the health consequences of e-cigarette use remains limited. Epidemiologic studies have not comprehensively explored associations between e-cigarette use and hypertension, a highly prevalent health condition and major contributor to cardiovascular disease burden. In this study, cross-sectional associations of cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use (vaping) with self-reported diagnosed hypertension were evaluated among 19,147 18–55 year old respondents in Wave 3 (2015–2016) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Multivariable analyses first modeled smoking and vaping as separate 2-category variables, then as a 6-category composite variable accounting for former smoking. After adjusting for potential confounders, current vaping (aOR = 1.31; 95%CI: 1.05–1.63) and current smoking (aOR = 1.27; 95%CI: 1.10–1.47) were both associated with higher odds of hypertension. In analyses modeling smoking and vaping compositely, respondents who were concurrently smoking and vaping had the highest odds of hypertension (aOR = 1.77; 95%CI: 1.32–2.39 [referent: never smokers]). These results differ somewhat from prior epidemiologic studies of vaping and respiratory outcomes, which consistently report smaller point estimates for current vaping than for current smoking. Our findings reinforce the uncertainty surrounding long-term health consequences of vaping, as well as highlight important distinctions between respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes when considering the harm reduction potential of e-cigarettes.

scholarly journals Uptake and Perceptions of E-cigarette use in Vascular Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Rachael Taylor ◽  
David Sidloff ◽  
Robert D. Sayers ◽  
Matthew J. Bown ◽  
Athanasios Saratzis
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Initial Interviews

Introduction: Smoking is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are becoming increasingly popular. However, little is known regarding their patterns of use in patients with established CVD.Aims: We aimed to assess the perceptions and patterns of use of e-cigarettes in patients presenting to a vascular clinic.Methods: We performed a qualitative study to identify perceptions and beliefs about e-cigarettes. Semi-structured interviews of consecutive patients consenting to participate were performed over five-months. Individuals were recruited from a vascular surgery outpatient clinic. Initial interviews were based on a questionnaire. Further structured interviews were conducted with patients currently using e-cigarettes, which were transcribed and analysed to assess perceptions and patterns of use.Results/Findings: Four overarching themes emerged: attraction to e-cigarettes as a harm reduction/smoking cessation strategy; uncertainty regarding the risks of e-cigarettes; use of various types of smoking cessation strategies; dual use and often complete relapse to tobacco products.Conclusions: Patients with established CVD view e-cigarettes as a means of smoking cessation; however, many relapse to tobacco products or use both simultaneously. Further research is necessary regarding the role of e-cigarettes in smoking cessation in this high-risk group.

scholarly journals Cigarette Smoking and Schizophrenia: Etiology, Clinical, Pharmacological, and Treatment Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jack Baichao Ding ◽  
Kevin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Extrapyramidal Side Effects ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Significant Cost

Recent data suggests that the prevalence of smoking in schizophrenia remains high. While reports suggest that smoking increases the risk of developing schizophrenia, the potential causative role of smoking in this relationship needs further investigation. Smokers with schizophrenia are more likely to have more intense positive symptoms and lower cognitive function, but diminished intensity of extrapyramidal side effects than nonsmoking patients with schizophrenia. They were also more likely to exhibit aggressive behaviour compared to nonsmokers, which could suggest higher levels of baseline aggression. The significant cost associated with regular tobacco expenditure can detract from investment in key domains. Large-scale trials have shown that pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation is effective and does not worsen the risk of developing neuropsychiatric symptoms compared to placebo. Electronic cigarette use among schizophrenia patients is high, and there is emerging evidence supportive of its efficacy. Future improvements include large-scale trials assessing the utility, efficacy, and safety of electronic cigarettes in schizophrenia patients.

scholarly journals SUN-603 Electronic Cigarette Exposure Induces Pro-Inflammatory Changes in Adipose Tissue in Apolipoprotein E (APOE) Knockout Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Espinoza-Derout ◽  
Xuesi M Shao ◽  
Jocelyn Molina-Mancio ◽  
Kamrul M Hasan ◽  
Norma Mtume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Inflammatory Phenotype ◽  
Apoe Knockout Mice ◽  
Apoe Ko Mice ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

Abstract Electronic nicotine delivery systems or electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are becoming exceptionally popular in the world as an alternative to conventional nicotine cigarettes, both in smokers and people who have never smoked. Nicotine can induce lipolysis in adipose tissue, leading to increased serum free fatty acids (FFA). Increased levels of FFA are one of the key elements in inducing a pro-inflammatory response and lead to ectopic lipid accumulation, lipotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic disease. Our laboratory has shown that chronic e-cigarette exposure induces cardiac dysfunction, atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis in the ApoE knockout (KO) model associated with increased levels of serum FFA. In this study, we investigated the role of adipose tissue in the metabolic changes associated with e-cigarette exposure. ApoE KO mice were exposed to saline, e-cigarette without nicotine [e-cigarette (0%)] and e-cigarette with 2.4% nicotine [e-cigarette (2.4%)] aerosol for 12 weeks. Western blot analyses from adipose tissue showed that mice treated with e-cigarette (2.4%) had decrease levels of SIRT1 when compared to mice treated with saline or e-cigarette (0%). Transcriptomic analysis of the differentially expressed genes shows a differential transcriptional response to e-cigarette (2.4%) in adipose tissue in comparison with e-cigarette (0%) or saline. The RNA-seq examination using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) software, revealed dysregulation of fibrosis, agranulocyte and granulocyte adhesion and diapedesis pathways in e-cigarette (2.4%) -exposed adipose tissue. Overall, we found an inflammatory phenotype associated with decreased levels of SIRT1 in adipose tissue of mice treated with e-cigarette (2.4%). Understanding the consequences of e-cigarette use on metabolic disease is directly relevant to the development of policies related to e-cigarette use.

scholarly journals Predicting Electronic Cigarette Use Among Adults in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
Fahad Khamis Aljaberi ◽  
Johnny J Yao.jr.
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Intent To Use

Background: The Philippines has one of the highest cigarette smoking rates in Southeast Asia. Tobacco prevention and control efforts should not be a one-size-fits-all approach. One of the most recent and highly marketed way of cutting down smoking is the use of E-cigarettes. But its use may also have potential harmful effects which would be similar to cigarette smoking. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the factors predicting electronic cigarette use among adults in a large metropolitan area in the Philippines. Methods:The study used a descriptive-correlational multivariate research design. Adults who are at least 18 years of age, who are electronic cigarettes users, dual users (electronic cigarette and cigarette users), and non-smokers were chosen for this study. The researchers utilized a researcher- made questionnaire based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in gathering the data. Results: Multiple regression analysis suggests that positive attitude and high perceived behavioral control significantly predict intent to use electronic cigarettes. Moreover, intent to use is a significant predictor of actual e-cigarette use.  Conclusion: People who have positive attitudes and high perceived behavioral control towards e-cigarette use are most likely to have higher intent to use e-cigarettes. Further, people who have high intent to use e-cigarettes will most likely use e-cigarettes. With reverence to the findings of this study, health managers and professionals should look into how e-cigarettes are being marketed to the public which may shape their attitude and behavior. Lastly, further studies should be conducted on other variables that may predict electronic cigarette use and measure health outcomes.

E-Cigarettes and Future Cigarette Use

2017 ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Barrington-Trimis ◽  
Robert Urman ◽  
Kiros Berhane ◽  
Jennifer B. Unger ◽  
Tess Boley Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Initial Evaluation ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
Increase Risk

BACKGROUND There has been little research examining whether e-cigarette use increases the risk of cigarette initiation among adolescents in the transition to adulthood when the sale of cigarettes becomes legal. METHODS The Children’s Health Study is a prospectively followed cohort in Southern California. Data on e-cigarette use were collected in 11th and 12th grade (mean age = 17.4); follow-up data on tobacco product use were collected an average of 16 months later from never-smoking e-cigarette users at initial evaluation (n = 146) and from a sample of never-smoking, never e-cigarette users (n = 152) frequency matched to e-cigarette users on gender, ethnicity, and grade. RESULTS Cigarette initiation during follow-up was reported by 40.4% of e-cigarette users (n = 59) and 10.5% of never users (n = 16). E-cigarette users had 6.17 times (95% confidence interval: 3.30–11.6) the odds of initiating cigarettes as never e-cigarette users. Results were robust to adjustment for potential confounders and in analyses restricted to never users of any combustible tobacco product. Associations were stronger in adolescents with no intention of smoking at initial evaluation. E-cigarette users were also more likely to initiate use of any combustible product (odds ratio = 4.98; 95% confidence interval: 2.37–10.4), including hookah, cigars, or pipes. CONCLUSIONS E-cigarette use in never-smoking youth may increase risk of subsequent initiation of cigarettes and other combustible products during the transition to adulthood when the purchase of tobacco products becomes legal. Stronger associations in participants with no intention of smoking suggests that e-cigarette use was not simply a marker for individuals who would have gone on to smoke regardless of e-cigarette use.

scholarly journals Association of smoking and electronic cigarette use with wheezing and related respiratory symptoms in adults: cross-sectional results from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, wave 2

2019 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2018-054694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongmei Li ◽  
Isaac K Sundar ◽  
Scott McIntosh ◽  
Deborah J Ossip ◽  
Maciej Lukasz Goniewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Risk ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Assessment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Cross

BackgroundWheezing is a symptom of potential respiratory disease and known to be associated with smoking. Electronic cigarette use (‘vaping’) has increased exponentially in recent years. This study examined the cross-sectional association of vaping with wheezing and related respiratory symptoms and compare this association with smokers and dual users.MethodsThe Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study wave 2 data collected from October 2014 to October 2015 with 28 171 adults were used. The cross-sectional association of vaping with self-reported wheezing and related respiratory symptoms relative to smokers and dual users of tobacco and electronic cigarettes were studied using multivariable logistic and cumulative logistic regression models with consideration of complex sampling design.ResultsAmong the 28 171 adult participants, 641 (1.2%) were current vapers who used e-cigarettes exclusively, 8525 (16.6%) were current exclusive smokers, 1106 (2.0%) were dual users and 17 899 (80.2%) were non-users. Compared with non-users, risks of wheezing and related respiratory symptoms were significantly increased in current vapers (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.67, 95% CI: 1.23 to 2.15). Current vapers had significantly lower risk in wheezing and related respiratory symptoms compared with current smokers (aOR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.53 to 0.87). No significant differences were found between dual users and current smokers in risk of wheezing and related respiratory symptoms (aOR=1.06, 95% CI: 0.91 to 1.24).ConclusionsVaping was associated with increased risk of wheezing and related respiratory symptoms. Current vapers had lower risk in wheezing and related respiratory symptoms than current smokers or dual users but higher than non-users. Both dual use and smoking significantly increased the risk of wheezing and related respiratory symptoms.

scholarly journals Use of Electronic Cigarettes in Smoke-Free Spaces by Smokers: Results from the 2014–2015 Population Assessment on Tobacco and Health Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary R. Dunbar ◽  
Gary Giovino ◽  
Binnian Wei ◽  
Richard J. O’Connor ◽  
Maciej L. Goniewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Population Assessment ◽  
Us States ◽  
Free Air

Background: Smoke-free air policies exist to protect users and nonusers from exposure to tobacco smoke. Although electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) may expose passerby to nicotine and particulate matter, few US states regulate indoor use of ENDS. The purpose of this study was to investigate reported rationales for ENDS use and reported ENDS use in public smoke-free places by dual cigarette/ENDS users. Methods: A population of ENDS/cigarette co-users (n = 2051) was drawn from Wave 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) dataset (2014–2015). Harm reduction beliefs and cessation behavior of co-users were investigated as predictors of ENDS use in public smoke-free places using logistic regression. Results: Fifty-eight percent of dual users reported past 30-day ENDS use in public smoke-free places. Reported use of ENDS to cut down on cigarette smoking (OR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.86, 3.05), as an alternative to quitting tobacco (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.37, 2.13), or because of belief that ENDS help people to quit cigarettes (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.20, 1.92) were significantly associated with increased odds of ENDS use in smoke-free places. Conclusions: Beliefs that ENDS were useful as cessation tools or posed modified risk to users and nonusers were associated with elevated odds of use ENDS in locations where conventional tobacco is prohibited. Due to limitations in the survey instrument, in-home ENDS use could not be directly assessed in this analysis. However, these self-reported findings suggest that use of ENDS in public places where cigarette use is prohibited is prevalent enough to be of concern for future regulation and enforcement efforts.

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