GUIDANCE IN MATERNAL AND INFANT CARE TWO MONTHS BEFORE AND AFTER THE BIRTH OF THE FIRST-BORN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-206
Author(s):  
AUGUSTA STUART CLAY
Keyword(s):  
Normal Growth ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Pediatric Care ◽  
New Haven ◽  
Private Physician ◽  
Healthy Pregnancy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Haven Hospital ◽  
Made In

THIS study was made in the belief that family living and growth can be healthier if parents understand how mother and baby develop and what they need. Eleven mothers were visited weekly for two months before and after the birth of their firstborn to discover what guidance they wanted, what was offered, and what additional guidance was needed. The writer secured their cooperation by agreeing to work with them as a consultant, to interpret their point of view to the doctor, to explain medical instructions when permitted, and to teach the normal growth processes of mother and baby. Ten mothers were registered in the prenatal clinics of the New Haven Hospital; the eleventh had a private physician. They had no recorded problems beyond the needs of healthy pregnancy and they wanted to participate. Eight husbands agreed to take part in the study. The other three were overseas, but their wives reported for them. Backgrounds varied; 20 of the 22 had had college or high school education; all were between 18 and 32. None dropped out, and after the four months all asked for continued guidance. Cases were too few and the study too brief for statistical evidence. But problems were uncovered which needed to be considered and which have largely been neglected in routine obstetric and pediatric care. These parents wanted to learn—not in classes, but in the privacy of home—how to care for mother and baby without disrupting their accustomed way of living. All wanted the care and interest of one doctor for mother and one for baby. However, six women and five men preferred to talk with a consultant who was not a doctor, but who was affiliated with their doctors. The doctors seemed too busy for "little things" and "family affairs," and they saw so many doctors that they all seemed strangers. Once they felt sure that the consultant's interest was in themselves rather than in teaching them, they set the pace and pattern in the conference. There was no questionnaire, no probing, no set procedure. If they had any immediate interests or problems: job, move, presents, trips, in-laws, illness—these were discussed before they talked of pregnancy and baby.

scholarly journals III. A description of an extensive series of the water battery; with an account of some experiments made in order to test the relation of the electrical and the chemical actions which take place before and after completion of the voltaic circuit

1844 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 39-52
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Negative Facts ◽  
Made In

1. In a paper, which I communicated to the Royal Society in 1839, and which was honoured by insertion in the Transactions of the following year, I described a series of experiments made with some powerful voltaic batteries, for the purpose of determining the possibility of obtaining a spark before the completion of the voltaic circuit. I was therein enabled to establish a few facts respecting polar tension, or rather respecting the absence of any notable degree of it in the batteries I described; for instance, I proved that, with 320 series of Professor Daniell’s constant battery, polar tension was not evinced adequate to the striking distance of 1/5000 th of an inch; nor was I more successful in obtaining it with a water battery of 1024 series, constructed by the same gentleman. I also stated that, according to the present theoretical views of the action of the voltaic battery, with the apparatus I then used, it ought to have taken place; and that, if by a still more powerful apparatus it could not be obtained, the theory must, in some way or other, be incorrect. 2. The preceding negative facts are not without their value in a scientific point of view; they show us, at least, a certain limit within which the anticipated effects could not be obtained. At the same time I could not fail to admit that they were anything but conclusive, as to the actual question of the possibility of obtaining the spark before the circuit was completed. That I am justified in calling the spark, under such circumstances, an anticipated effect, may be fairly assumed, because every electrician is aware that the terminals of a voltaic series invariably evince a certain amount of tension and as spark is but a consequence of tension exalted to a maximum, it is only fair to anticipate that, by increasing the tension, it would be obtained.

Clinically Meaningful Change

Methodology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Ferrer ◽  
Antonio Pardo
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test

Abstract. In a recent paper, Ferrer and Pardo (2014) tested several distribution-based methods designed to assess when test scores obtained before and after an intervention reflect a statistically reliable change. However, we still do not know how these methods perform from the point of view of false negatives. For this purpose, we have simulated change scenarios (different effect sizes in a pre-post-test design) with distributions of different shapes and with different sample sizes. For each simulated scenario, we generated 1,000 samples. In each sample, we recorded the false-negative rate of the five distribution-based methods with the best performance from the point of view of the false positives. Our results have revealed unacceptable rates of false negatives even with effects of very large size, starting from 31.8% in an optimistic scenario (effect size of 2.0 and a normal distribution) to 99.9% in the worst scenario (effect size of 0.2 and a highly skewed distribution). Therefore, our results suggest that the widely used distribution-based methods must be applied with caution in a clinical context, because they need huge effect sizes to detect a true change. However, we made some considerations regarding the effect size and the cut-off points commonly used which allow us to be more precise in our estimates.

1989 göçü sonrası Bulgaristan göçmenlerinin yemek kültüründeki değişim

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-245
Author(s):  
Cahit Kahraman ◽  
İlhan Güneş ◽  
Nanae Kahraman
Keyword(s):  
Eating Habits ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Canned Food ◽  
Product Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Made In

1989 göçü öncesi, dünyada eşzamanlı olarak gittikçe gelişen ve zenginleşen mutfak kültürü, Bulgaristan Türklerini de etkilemiştir. Pazardaki çeşitlilik arttıkça, yemek alışkanlıkları da değişime uğramıştır. Büyük göçten sadece 30-40 sene evvel kısıtlı imkânlar ile sınırlı sayıda yemek çeşidi üretilirken, alım gücünün artmasıyla yemek kültüründe de hızlı gelişmeler olmuştur. Artan ürün çeşitliliği yemeklere de yansımış, farklı lezzetler mutfaklara girmiştir. Göçmen yemekleri denilince hamur işleri, börek ve pideler akla gelir. Ayrıca, göçmenlerin çok zengin turşu, komposto ve konserve kültürüne sahip oldukları da bilinir. Bu çalışma, 1989 öncesi Bulgaristan’ın farklı bölgelerinde yaşayan Türklerin yemek alışkanlıklarına ışık tutmakla birlikte, göç sonrasında göçmen mutfak kültüründe bir değişiklik oluşup oluşmadığını konu almaktadır. Bu amaçla, 1989 yılında Türkiye’ye göç etmiş 50 kişiye 8 sorudan oluşan anket düzenlenmiştir. Bu verilerden yola çıkarak oluşan bulgular derlenmiş ve yeni tespitler yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerine yerleşen göçmenler, kendi göçmen pazarlarını kurmuşlardır. Bulgaristan’dan getirilen ürünlerin bu pazarlarda satılması böyle bir arz talebin hala devam ettiğine işaret etmektedir.ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHThe Diversity in Cuisine Culture of the Immigrants from Bulgaria After 1989 MigrationThe Cuisine culture that has been developing and getting rich day by day contemporaneously in the world before 1989 migration has also had an impact on Bulgarian Turks. By the increase in diversity in the market, eating habits have changed. While producing a limited number of food types with limited opportunities just some 30 or 40 years before the ‘Big Migration’, there has been a rapid progress in food culture by the help of the increase in purchase power. Enhancing product range has been reflected in food, and different tastes have entered the cuisines. When we say immigrant, the first things that come to our mind are pastry, flan and pitta bread. Moreover, it is also known that immigrants have a very rich cuisine culture of pickle, stewed fruit, and canned food. This study aims both to disclose the eating habits of Turks living in different regions of Bulgaria before 1989 and to determine whether there has been a difference in immigrant cuisine culture before and after the migration. For this purpose, a questionnaire consisting of 8 questions has been administered to 50 people who migrated to Turkey in 1989. The results gathered from these data have been compiled and new determinations have been made. In addition, immigrants that settled in different regions of Turkey have set their own immigrant markets. The fact that the products brought from Bulgaria are being sold in these markets shows that this kind of supply and demand still continues.

BIO-ENERGY FROM PHOTOSYNTHETIC ALLOYS FOR USE IN BIOGUALS AND BIOPRODUCTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 613-618
Author(s):  
Petar Kazakov ◽  
Atanas Iliev ◽  
Emil Ivanov ◽  
Dobri Rusev
Keyword(s):  
Technical Progress ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Energy Sustainability ◽  
International Activities ◽  
Made In

Significant technical progress has been made in recent years in the development of algae-based bioenergy, and much of industrial and academic R&D projects have diverged from the biofuels strategy. This report summarizes the conclusions of a recently concluded symposium analyzing the prospects for using micro- and macroalgae as a feedstock for biofuels and bioenergy. It discusses international activities for the development of bio-energy and non-energy algae bioproducts, advances in the use of macroalgae (both non-cultivated and cultivated algae). Applications for various biochemical and thermochemical uses, bio-refining capabilities for various products, as well as an in-depth review of the process from the point of view of economy and energy sustainability are also given.

Arthroscopy in Arthrosis: Is It Worth it? A case Presentation

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2232-2235
Author(s):  
Marius Moga ◽  
Mark Edward Pogarasteanu ◽  
Antoine Edu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Status ◽  
Loose Body ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Joint Range

The role of arthroscopy in incipient and mild arthrosis, even combined with proximal tibial ostetomy, is well known and well documented. On the other hand, its role in the treatment of advanced arthrosis of the large joints, especially the knee, is a subject of controversy. The proponents of the use of arthroscopy in advanced arthrosis claim that meniscectomy, synovectomy, ostophytectomy, chondral lesion stabilization, arthroscopic release, plica and loose body removal greatly improve the quality of life for most patients, especially if followed by the use of viscoelastic injection, by diminishing pain and improving joint range of motion. The opponents claim that, even though the advantages are clear in the cases that refuse arthroplasty, in all the other cases the surgical indication should be total knee arthroplasty, as the clinical relief is temporary, but with all the risks of a surgical intervention. We have conducted an overview of the recent literature, in order to find objective evidence to sustain either point of view. We focused on articles published that included an objective measurement of before and after clinical status through clinical scores and objective measurements. We also focused on the follow-up period and on the evolution of the pathology after arthroscopy.

scholarly journals Systemic Lupus Erythematosus before and after COVID-19 Lockdown: How the Perception of Disease Changes through the Lenses of Narrative Medicine

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 726
Author(s):  
Fulvia Ceccarelli ◽  
Venusia Covelli ◽  
Giulio Olivieri ◽  
Francesco Natalucci ◽  
Fabrizio Conti
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Narrative Medicine ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Text Content ◽  
Insight Into

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic contributes to the burden of living with different diseases, including Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). We described, from a narrative point of view, the experiences and perspectives of Italian SLE adults during the COVID-19 emergency, by distinguishing the illness experience before and after the lockdown. Methods: Fifteen patients were invited to participate. Illness narratives were collected between 22 and 29 March 2020 using a written modality to capture patients’ perspectives before and after the COVID-19 lockdown. We performed a two-fold analysis of collected data by distinguishing three narrative types and a qualitative analysis of content to identify the relevant themes and sub-themes reported. Results: Eight narratives included in the final analysis (mean length 436.9 words) have been written by eight females (mean age 43.3 ± 9.9 years, mean disease duration 13.1 ± 7.4 years). Six patients provided a quest narrative, one a chaos and the remaining one a restitution narrative. By text content analysis, we identified specific themes, temporally distinct before and after the lockdown. Before COVID-19, all the patients referred to a good control of disease, however the unexpected arrival of the COVID-19 emergency broke a balance, and patients perceived the loss of health status control, with anxiety and stress. Conclusions: We provided unique insight into the experiences of people with SLE at the time of COVID-19, underlining the perspective of patients in relation to the pandemic.

scholarly journals Competing risks joint models using R-INLA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 56-71
Author(s):  
Janet van Niekerk ◽  
Haakon Bakka ◽  
Håvard Rue
Keyword(s):  
Competing Risks ◽  
Count Data ◽  
Joint Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Spatial Structures ◽  
Joint Models ◽  
Hazard Functions ◽  
Longitudinal Count Data ◽  
Non Gaussian ◽  
Made In

The methodological advancements made in the field of joint models are numerous. None the less, the case of competing risks joint models has largely been neglected, especially from a practitioner's point of view. In the relevant works on competing risks joint models, the assumptions of a Gaussian linear longitudinal series and proportional cause-specific hazard functions, amongst others, have remained unchallenged. In this article, we provide a framework based on R-INLA to apply competing risks joint models in a unifying way such that non-Gaussian longitudinal data, spatial structures, times-dependent splines and various latent association structures, to mention a few, are all embraced in our approach. Our motivation stems from the SANAD trial which exhibits non-linear longitudinal trajectories and competing risks for failure of treatment. We also present a discrete competing risks joint model for longitudinal count data as well as a spatial competing risks joint model as specific examples.

Coronary Care in a General Hospital

1971 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Shaw ◽  
Bernard Groden ◽  
Evelyn Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
First Year ◽  
Duration Of Stay ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Coronary Care ◽  
Made In

The establishment, staffing and structure and observations made in the first year of the existence of coronary care in an intensive care unit in a general hospital are recorded. Two hundred and twenty eight patients were admitted during the year in whom the diagnosis of myocardial infarction was confirmed. There were 29 deaths in the unit and 14 deaths occurred in the wards of the hospital after discharge from the unit. 49.1 per cent of the patients were admitted within 4 hours of the onset of symptoms and the mean duration of stay in the unit was 86.5 hours. The type of arrhythmia detected in the unit, and the treatment given to the patients both before and after admission to the intensive care unit are described.

SERIAL ESTIMATION OF PLASMA RENIN CONCENTRATION DURING PREGNANCY AND AFTER PARTURITION

1966 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. BROWN ◽  
D. L. DAVIES ◽  
P. B. DOAK ◽  
A. F. LEVER ◽  
J. I. S. ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Renin Concentration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Made In

SUMMARY Plasma renin concentration has been measured in normal women at intervals throughout pregnancy. Further measurements have been made in the days and hours before and after delivery of the foetus and placenta. Plasma renin was consistently raised in the majority of pregnant women and did not change markedly until 24 hr. or more after delivery. The significance of these findings is discussed.

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