scholarly journals National Trends of Adolescent Exposure to Tobacco Advertisements: 2012–2020

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Li ◽  
Nina Kaiser ◽  
Jacob T. Borodovsky ◽  
Raven Riordan ◽  
Erin Kasson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Marketing ◽  
Sociodemographic Correlates ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
National Trends ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Adolescent Exposure ◽  
Representative Samples

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The objective of the current study is to evaluate the temporal trends in the prevalence of cigarette and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) advertisement exposure by venue and sociodemographic correlates among US adolescents from 2012 to 2020. METHODS We conducted a serial cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative samples of middle and high school youth from the 2012–2020 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Advertisement exposure was defined as self-report of seeing advertisements “sometimes,” “most of the time,” and “always.” The prevalence of cigarette (and other tobacco products) and e-cigarette advertisement exposure, including overall and at specific venues (Internet, press, screen, and retail stores), was estimated by survey year. RESULTS A total of 139 795 adolescents aged 11 to 19 years old were included in the analysis. The prevalence of exposure to combustible cigarette marketing remained high across all years (any venue ranging from 77.0% [2018] to 91.1% [2014]). An increasing trend for cigarette advertisement exposure was observed from 2017 to 2020 after a drop in 2015 (β2012–2015 = 2.8, P for trend < .001; β2017–2020 = .7, P for trend = .03), driven by retail store–based and Internet-based exposure. A similar increasing pattern in the estimated prevalence of e-cigarette marketing was observed (β2014–2016 = 4.6, P for trend < .001; β2017–2020 = 5.1, P for trend < .001). CONCLUSIONS Given the high estimated prevalence of cigarette and e-cigarette marketing exposure among US adolescents, further regulation efforts for both off-line and online tobacco marketing are needed to mitigate adolescent exposure to content regarding these products, reducing susceptibility to uptake.

scholarly journals Temporal trends in BMI in Argentina by socio-economic position and province-level economic development, 2005–2009

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J Christine ◽  
Ana V Diez Roux ◽  
Jeffrey J Wing ◽  
Marcio Alazraqui ◽  
Hugo Spinelli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Secular Trends ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Economic Position ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Province Level ◽  
Representative Samples

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated temporal trends in BMI, and assessed hypothesized predictors of trends including socio-economic position (SEP) and province-level economic development, in Argentina.DesignUsing multivariable linear regression, we evaluated cross-sectional patterning and temporal trends in BMI and examined heterogeneity in these associations by SEP and province-level economic development with nationally representative samples from Argentina in 2005 and 2009. We calculated mean annual changes in BMI for men and women to assess secular trends.ResultsWomen, but not men, exhibited a strong cross-sectional inverse association between SEP and BMI, with the lowest-SEP women having an average BMI 2·55 kg/m2greater than the highest-SEP women. Analysis of trends revealed a mean annual increase in BMI of 0·19 kg/m2and 0·15 kg/m2for women and men, respectively, with slightly greater increases occurring in provinces with greater economic growth. No significant heterogeneity in trends existed by individual SEP.ConclusionsBMI is increasing rapidly over time in Argentina irrespective of various sociodemographic characteristics. Higher BMI remains more common in women of lower SEP compared with those of higher SEP.

Household Smoking Restrictions and Adolescent Smoking

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie B. Fisher ◽  
Jonathan P. Winickoff ◽  
Carlos A. Camargo ◽  
Graham A. Colditz ◽  
A. Lindsay Frazier
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Smoking ◽  
Parental Smoking ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Tobacco Marketing ◽  
Smoking Restrictions ◽  
Peer Smoking ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Purpose. To examine the association between household smoking restrictions and adolescent smoking, controlling for parental smoking, peer smoking, and tobacco marketing. Design. Cross-sectional analysis of 1999 data from the Growing Up Today Study, a longitudinal cohort of adolescents. Setting. Self-report questionnaire. Subjects. 10,593 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. Measures. The dependent variable was established smoking (smoking ≥ 100 cigarettes). Variables of interest were household smoking restrictions, parental smoking, peer smoking, and tobacco promotional item (TPI) possession. Results. Four percent of participants reported that their households permitted smoking. Parental smoking, peer smoking, and TPI possession were significantly associated with established smoking. In logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, peer smoking, and TPI possession, adolescent smoking was inversely related to the presence of a restrictive household policy (odds ratio [OR] = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.48–0.93); however, when parental smoking was added to this model, the association was attenuated (OR = 0.94, CI = 0.65–1.35). When only one parent in the household smoked, smoking restrictions were more common when this parent was the father. Conclusions. Although household smoking restrictions offer health benefits, they do not appear to be associated with adolescent smoking after accounting for other factors. Prior studies did not include parental smoking, peer smoking, and marketing influences. This analytic difference may explain apparent contradictions in the literature.

scholarly journals Association Between Reduced Handgrip Strength and Commonly Prescribed Medications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan L. Love ◽  
Erin M. Mitchell ◽  
LeAnn B. Norris
Keyword(s):  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Decreased handgrip-strength has become an increasingly important measure of overall health status and fitness. This was a cross-sectional analysis among adult participants in the 2011-2012 NHANES survey. Handgrip-strength was assessed using a digital dynamometer and a standard protocol, and medication use was assessed by self-report and verification by the interviewer. Mean handgrip-strength among participants with no medication use was 87.2kg in males and 57.2kg in females. Handgrip strength decreased significantly in both men and women (ptrend<0.001 for both) with increasing medication use after adjustment for age, sex, height, arm circumference, and BMI. Statins, ACE-inhibitors, ARBs, diuretics, calcium channel blockers, and sulfonylureas showed a consistent and significant decrease in grip strength in linear regression models. In this nationally representative survey of adults in the US, we observed a negative relationship between handgrip strength and polypharmacy. Further, several specific medications, mostly cardiovascular drug classes, were associated with reduced handgrip-strength.

scholarly journals Screen Time Increases Risk of Overweight and Obesity in Active and Inactive 9-Year-Old Irish Children: A Cross Sectional Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 985-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoife Lane ◽  
Michael Harrison ◽  
Niamh Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Old Irish ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Background:Independent associations between screen time (ST)/physical activity (PA) and overweight (OW)/obesity have been demonstrated but little research exists on the role of ST among sufficiently active children.Purpose:To examine the combined influence of ST and PA on risk of OW/obesity in a nationally representative sample of 9-year-old Irish children.Methods:The sample in this cross sectional analysis contained 8568 children. Self-report parent data were used to group children into ST and PA categories and related to OW/obesity using forced entry logistic regression.Results:High ST (> 3 hours/day), bedroom TV and mobile phone ownership increased risk of OW/obesity in high and low active children (P < .05). Low PA (<9 bouts fortnightly) was also associated with OW/obesity. In combined analyses, OW/obesity was lowest in the reference low ST/high PA group with ORs of 1.38, 1.63, and 2.07, respectively, in the low ST/low PA, high ST/high PA, and high ST/low PA groups. Access to electronic media, low socioeconomic status, parental obesity, and not engaging in sports were all related to high ST (P < .05).Conclusion:This study supports findings that ST is associated with OW/Obesity demonstrating this separately in high and low active children.

Twitter Usage Using Common Reference to Tinnitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-217
Author(s):  
Jianyuan Ni ◽  
Monica L. Bellon-Harn ◽  
Jiang Zhang ◽  
Yueqing Li ◽  
Vinaya Manchaiah
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Common Reference ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Twitter Users ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Share Information

Objective The objective of the study was to examine specific patterns of Twitter usage using common reference to tinnitus. Method The study used cross-sectional analysis of data generated from Twitter data. Twitter content, language, reach, users, accounts, temporal trends, and social networks were examined. Results Around 70,000 tweets were identified and analyzed from May to October 2018. Of the 100 most active Twitter accounts, organizations owned 52%, individuals owned 44%, and 4% of the accounts were unknown. Commercial/for-profit and nonprofit organizations were the most common organization account owners (i.e., 26% and 16%, respectively). Seven unique tweets were identified with a reach of over 400 Twitter users. The greatest reach exceeded 2,000 users. Temporal analysis identified retweet outliers (> 200 retweets per hour) that corresponded to a widely publicized event involving the response of a Twitter user to another user's joke. Content analysis indicated that Twitter is a platform that primarily functions to advocate, share personal experiences, or share information about management of tinnitus rather than to provide social support and build relationships. Conclusions Twitter accounts owned by organizations outnumbered individual accounts, and commercial/for-profit user accounts were the most frequently active organization account type. Analyses of social media use can be helpful in discovering issues of interest to the tinnitus community as well as determining which users and organizations are dominating social network conversations.

Knowledge and Beliefs Regarding Harm From Specific Tobacco Products: Findings From the H.I.N.T. Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 089011712110261
Author(s):  
Wenxue Lin ◽  
Joshua E. Muscat
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
National Trends ◽  
Medical Recommendations

Purpose: Determine whether dual tobacco users have different levels of knowledge about nicotine addiction, perceived harm beliefs of low nicotine cigarettes (LNCs) and beliefs about electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) Design: Quantitative, Cross-sectional Setting: Health Information National Trends Survey 5 (Cycle 3, 2019) Participants: Nationally representative adult non-smokers (n=3113), exclusive cigarette smokers (n=302), and dual (cigarette and e-cigarette) users (n=77). Measures: The survey included single item measures on whether nicotine causes addiction and whether nicotine causes cancer. A five-point Likert scale assessed comparative harm of e-cigarettes and LNCs relative to conventional combustible cigarettes (1=much more harmful, 3=equally harmful…5 = much less harmful, or don’t know). Analysis: We used weighted multiple linear regression model to estimate means and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of e-cigarettes and LNCs beliefs by current tobacco user status. Results: Over 97% of dual users, 83% of non-smokers and 86% of exclusive cigarette smokers correctly identified that nicotine is addictive. The majority of subjects incorrectly identified nicotine as a cause of cancer, with dual users having the lowest proportion of incorrect responses (60%). Dual users rated e-cigarette harmfulness as less harmful than combustibles (mean=2.20; 95% CI=1.73, 2.66) while exclusive cigarette smokers and non-smokers rated them as similarly harmful. LNCs were considered equally harmful and addictive as conventional cigarettes. Conclusion: Dual users had a higher knowledge base of tobacco-related health effects. The effectiveness of policies or medical recommendations to encourage smokers to switch from cigarettes to LNCs or e-cigarettes will need to consider accurate and inaccurate misperceptions about the harm and addictiveness of nicotine. Improved public health messages about different tobacco products are needed.

scholarly journals Screening for Depressive Mood During Acute Chikungunya Infection in Primary Healthcare Settings

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2552
Author(s):  
Efrén Murillo-Zamora ◽  
Oliver Mendoza-Cano ◽  
Benjamín Trujillo-Hernández ◽  
Xóchitl Trujillo ◽  
Miguel Huerta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Models ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Chikv Infection ◽  
Multicenter Cohort Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Frequent Event ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Background: We aimed to screen for depressive mood experienced during acute chikungunya (CHIKV) infection, and to evaluate the association of several exposures with the risk of depressive symptoms. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of a multicenter cohort study took place and data from 354 adult individuals with confirmed CHIKV infection were analyzed. Participants were recruited in primary health care settings and the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) was used. Prevalence odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated by means of logistic models were used. Results: Depressive mood (PHQ-2 score 3 or higher) was reported by 44.1% of individuals. Subjects with articular effusion (OR = 3.37, 95% CI 1.77–8.11), gastrointestinal manifestations (diarrhea, vomiting or abdominal pain, OR = 1.97, 95 CI 1.21–3.19), and higher length of severe arthralgia (reference ≤ 14 days: 15–30 days, OR = 3.38, 95% CI 1.78–6.41; ≥ 30 days, OR = 1.69, 95% CI 0.95–3.01) were more likely to self-report depressive mood. Increasing age (≥ 40 years old, OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.31–0.95) and rash (OR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.30–0.98) were associated with a decreased risk of depressive mood. Conclusions: Depressive mood seemed to be a frequent event among analyzed individuals, and markers associated with its risk were identified.

scholarly journals Patient Portal Barriers and Group Differences: Cross-Sectional National Survey Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kea Turner ◽  
Alecia Clary ◽  
Young-Rock Hong ◽  
Amir Alishahi Tabriz ◽  
Christopher M Shea
Keyword(s):  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Patient Portal ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Patient Portals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Multiple Variable ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
National Trends

BACKGROUND Past studies examining barriers to patient portal adoption have been conducted with a small number of patients and health care settings, limiting generalizability. OBJECTIVE This study had the following two objectives: (1) to assess the prevalence of barriers to patient portal adoption among nonadopters and (2) to examine the association between nonadopter characteristics and reported barriers in a nationally representative sample. METHODS Data from this study were obtained from the 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey. We calculated descriptive statistics to determine the most prevalent barriers and conducted multiple variable logistic regression analysis to examine which characteristics were associated with the reported barriers. RESULTS The sample included 4815 individuals. Among these, 2828 individuals (58.73%) had not adopted a patient portal. Among the nonadopters (n=2828), the most prevalent barriers were patient preference for in-person communication (1810/2828, 64.00%), no perceived need for the patient portal (1385/2828, 48.97%), and lack of comfort and experience with computers (735/2828, 25.99%). Less commonly, individuals reported having no patient portal (650/2828, 22.98%), no internet access (650/2828, 22.98%), privacy concerns (594/2828, 21.00%), difficulty logging on (537/2828, 18.99%), and multiple patient portals (255/2828, 9.02%) as barriers. Men had significantly lower odds of indicating a preference for speaking directly to a provider compared with women (odds ratio [OR] 0.75, 95% CI 0.60-0.94; <i>P</i>=.01). Older age (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.02; <i>P</i>&lt;.001), having a chronic condition (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.44-2.33; <i>P</i>&lt;.001), and having an income lower than US $20,000 (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.11-2.34; <i>P</i>=.01) were positively associated with indicating a preference for speaking directly to a provider. Hispanic individuals had significantly higher odds of indicating that they had no need for a patient portal (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.24-2.05; <i>P</i>&lt;.001) compared with non-Hispanic individuals. Older individuals (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.04-1.06; <i>P</i>&lt;.001), individuals with less than a high school diploma (OR 3.15, 95% CI 1.79-5.53; <i>P</i>&lt;.001), and individuals with a household income of less than US $20,000 (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.88-4.11; <i>P</i>&lt;.001) had significantly higher odds of indicating that they were uncomfortable with a computer. CONCLUSIONS The most common barriers to patient portal adoption are preference for in-person communication, not having a need for the patient portal, and feeling uncomfortable with computers, which are barriers that are modifiable and can be intervened upon. Patient characteristics can help predict which patients are most likely to experience certain barriers to patient portal adoption. Further research is needed to tailor implementation approaches based on patients’ needs and preferences.

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