STUDY OF THE VALUE OF BACTERIAL VACCINES IN THE TREATMENT OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA ASSOCIATED WITH RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas E. Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Number Of Children

A controlled study of the value of bacterial vaccines in 118 infants and children subject to repeated episodes of asthma associated with respiratory infections is described. Both vaccine-treated and a control group, treated similarly except for omission of bacterial vaccines from hyposensitization therapy, were compared before and at the end of a 3½-year period. When the maximum dose of vaccine was administered every 28 days, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups with regard to the following criteria: 1) number of asthmatic episodes per year; 2) average number of days wheezing per year; 3) average number of days school missed per year during asthmatic episodes; 4) number of children with 100%, 50-100% or 0-50% reduction in number of asthma attacks per year. In the vaccine-treated group the type of vaccine used did not appear to influence the degree of improvement as reflected in number of asthmatic attacks per year in the last year of the study compared to the year preceding the study. The incidence of positive skin tests to stock bacterial vaccines and a commercially prepared vaccine was approximately the same in both groups.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the eosinophilic fenotype of bronchial asthma in children

2017 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
E Asiryan ◽  
N Titova
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ige Receptor ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Ige Antibodies ◽  
Total Ige ◽  
Atopic Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Ige Receptors ◽  
High Level

The purpose of the work is clinical and laboratory examination of children with an eosinophilic phenotype of bronchial asthma. Materials and methods. 160 children aged 5 to 18 years were examined: 130 patients with atopic bronchial asthma, 30 children of the control group. During the work, the level of eosinophils, the level of eosinophils carrying FcεRI+ and CD23+IgE+ receptor, the level of total IgE, IgE antibodies to domestic and epidermal allergens in the blood serum were determined, clinical and anamnestic data were studied. Results. In children with atopic bronchial asthma, the relative and absolute content of eosinophils, as well as eosinophils carrying FcεRI+ and CD23+IgE+ receptors, is statistically significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.001). In 71 (54.62%) children with bronchial asthma, eosinophilia was detected, with 58 (81.69%) patients having a high level of eosinophils bearing the FcεRI + receptor and 56 (78.87%) children with a high level of eosinophils carrying CD23+IgE+ receptor. In the group of children with bronchial asthma, a correlation was established between the level of total IgE and the level of eosinophils carrying FcεRI+ (r=+0.389; p<0.01) and CD23+IgE+ receptors (r=+ 0.677; p<0.0001). In children with eosinophilia, in most cases, the hereditary nature of the disease is observed, the first manifestations of allergy are already present in the first year of life, concomitant allergopathology has been established. The optimal effect in the treatment of patients with eosinophilia was obtained with the appointment, as a basic therapy, of inhaled glucocorticosteroids, as well as short-acting β2-agonists for arresting episodes of bronchial obstruction. In most patients with asthma who have eosinophilia, serum levels of IgE antibodies to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, to the coat of the cat and the dog's coat are revealed, and positive skin scarification tests with these allergens are detected. Conclusion. In children with atopic bronchial asthma, there are signs of an eosinophilic phenotype: eosinophilia, high expression of FcεRI+ and CD23+IgE+ receptors, increased levels of total IgE and IgE antibodies, positive skin tests with domestic and epidermal allergens, hereditary predisposition, effectiveness of inhaled glucocorticosteroids.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTAL AND CHILDREN'S SERUM IMMUNOGLOBULIN E (IgE) AND ASTHMA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-329
Author(s):  
Stanley P. Galant
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Significant Determinant ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose of the Study. To examine parental factors that influence bronchial asthma and immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in their children. Methods. The data in this study were derived from the Tucson Epidemiological Study of Airways Obstructive Diseases since 1972. Eleven evaluation periods have been performed since that time. Asthma histories were established by questionnaire. IgE levels were obtained in 738 children, 1043 fathers, and 1261 mothers. IgE levels were determined by paper radioimmunosorbent (PRIST) technique. IgE Z scores were established. An IgE Z score is the number of standard deviations IgE differs from matched age and sex-matched subjects and log corrected. Skin tests were performed by prick technique to house dust, mold, grass, tree and weed mix and appropriate controls. Results. The percentage of children with bronchial asthma increased with the presence of asthma in parents so that 11.5% of children with asthma occurred in families with no parental asthma compared with 48.6% when both parents had asthma. The rate of childhood bronchial asthma was significantly related to parental IgE levels only when the mother and father had bronchial asthma (43% vs 20%) and much less so (22% vs 10%), when there was no parental asthma. In addition, asthma in the child proved to be a highly significant determinant of the child's IgE Z score, even after correcting for parental IgE Z score. The presence of atopy (ie, positive skin tests) was also not a significant determinant of IgE levels in asthmatic children. Discussion. The authors conclude that the inheritance of IgE is only one factor related to the development of asthma, and is limited as a predictor.

scholarly journals Efficacy of remdesivir in COVID-19 patients with a simulated two-arm controlled study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Yang Hsu ◽  
Chao-Chih Lai ◽  
Amy Ming-Fang Yen ◽  
Sam Li-Sheng Chen ◽  
Hsiu-Hsi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Oxygen Supplement

AbstractWhile the recent study on the compassionate use of remdesivir for COVID-19 patients has shown a 68% clinical improvement7 it is a one-arm study that renders the evaluation of the efficacy in reducing death and the length of stay of hospitalization intractable due to a lacking of the control group. We came up with a two-arm controlled study design to simulate the treated and the untreated (control group) group by applying two respective transition models to the empirical data on dynamics of the disease severity (Figure 2 of the original article7) that are classified into low- (no and low oxygen supplement), medium- (non-invasive ventilator and high oxygen supplement), and high-(ECMO and invasive ventilator) from enrolment until discharge, death or the end of follow-up. By using a simulated two-arm controlled study, the remdesivir treatment group as opposed to the control group led to a statistically significantly 29% (95% CI: 22-35%) reduction of death from COVID-19. The treated group also revealed a 33% (95% CI 28-38%) significantly higher odds of discharge than the control group. The median time to discharge for the treated group (5.5 days, 16.5 days, and 29.5 days for low-, medium-, and high-risk state, respectively) was around half of those of the control arm. Our results with a simulated two-arm controlled study have not only corroborated the efficacy of remdesivir but also made great contribution to designing a further large-scale randomized controlled trial. They have significant implications for reducing transmission probability and infectious time of COVID-19 patients when contacting with susceptible health care workers during hospitalization.Key PointsQuestionWhat is the efficacy of remdesivir in reducing advanced disease state or death from COVID-19 and the length of stay of hospitalization?FindingsRemdesivir treatment results in a 33% significantly higher odds of discharge, a 29% significantly lower risk of death, and a 39% significantly lower risk for the combined endpoint of severe status and death. The median time to discharge for the remdesivir treated group was around half of the median time-to-discharge compared with the control arm.MeaningRemdesivir is effective in treating COVID-19 patients in terms of enhancing recovery and accelerating discharge.

IgE LEVELS IN SERA OF CHILDREN WITH ASTHMA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 848-856
Author(s):  
Lata Kumar ◽  
Richard W. Newcomb ◽  
Kimishige Ishizaka ◽  
Elliott Middleton ◽  
Margaret M. Hornbrook
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Corticosteroid Therapy ◽  
Systemic Corticosteroid ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Systemic Corticosteroid Therapy

Concentrations of the immunoglobulin that is associated with reaginic activity, IgE (γE), were measured in sera of 116 children with bronchial asthma. High γE (&gt;700 ng/ml) were found in only 30. High γE levels were found in children with many positive skin tests (P &lt; 0.01) and with active atopic dermatitis (P &lt; 0.01). Long term, systemic corticosteroid therapy was found to be associated with normal γE values (P &lt; .001) even when the characteristics of the disease would otherwise have indicated high values. As no correlation is found to be evident between severity of the disease and γE levels, it may be suggested that corticosteroids may decrease intravascular γE. The serum γE values failed to reveal two or more clinically different groups among our patients.

THE VALUE OF HYPOSENSITIZATION THERAPY FOR BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN CHILDREN—A 14-YEAR STUDY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-802
Author(s):  
Douglas E. Johnstone ◽  
Arthur Dutton
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Asthma In Children ◽  
Prospective Controlled Study

The clinical course of 210 children with perennial bronchial asthma was followed in a prospective controlled study in which one half of the children received placebo injections while the other half received conventional hyposensitization therapy. Of the 130 children still under observation at the time of their sixteenth birthday, 22% of the placebo-treated children were free of asthma compared to 72% of the treated children. In the treated group the rate of loss of asthma may be related to the dose of antigen received in hyposensitization therapy. Whereas 66% of the "1/5,000" group were free of asthma at the end of the study, 78% of the "highest tolerated dose" group were symptom free in their sixteenth year. The likelihood of a child outgrowing asthma was not significantly influenced by his sex, age of onset, or severity of his symptoms when first seen. A previous history of hay fever increased the likelihood of a child's asthma persisting into adolescence.

scholarly journals Atopy, passive smoking, respiratory infections and asthma among children from kindergarten and elementary school

2002 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Aparecida Ribeiro ◽  
Tatiana Furuyama ◽  
Simone Schenkman ◽  
José Roberto de Brito Jardim
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Full Time ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The City

CONTEXT: It has been demonstrated that children exposed to parents who smoke have more respiratory infections and asthma. OBJECTIVE: To study the association of both respiratory infections and asthma attacks with atopy, passive smoking and time spent daily at school, among children aged 4 to 9 years old from a kindergarten and elementary school in the city of São Paulo between May and July of 1996. TYPE OF STUDY: Descriptive study. SETTING: A kindergarten and elementary school with linkages to Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina. PARTICIPANTS: 183 children between 4 and 9 years old. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: A questionnaire consisting of 31 questions was answered by the parents of 183 children, and skin tests for inhaled antigens were performed on 88 children whose parents had given prior agreement for the procedure. RESULTS: Among the children, 51% had had respiratory infections during the preceding 3 months and 25.7% were asthmatic, of whom 52.1% had had one or more asthma attacks during the preceding 3 months. Children exposed to passive smoking did not have more respiratory infections or asthma attacks in comparison with those not exposed. We observed a significant association between atopic disorders in parents and children who were not exposed to passive smoking. There were also associations between atopic disorders in parents and asthma attacks in their infants, and between such disorders and a higher incidence of respiratory infections in the infants during the preceding 3 months. However, the presence of two or more positive skin tests for allergies did not have a correlation with respiratory infections and asthma attacks in this sample. In addition to this, children who studied full time at school did not have a higher occurrence of respiratory infections and asthma attacks. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of respiratory infections and asthma was associated with atopic parents but not with the presence of two or more positive skin tests for allergies among the children. Also, respiratory infections and asthma attacks were not associated with smoking parents or with the length of time spent by the children at school.

scholarly journals The role of human β-defensin 2 (HbD-2) and cathelicidin (LL-37) in the local protection of the upper respiratory tract in children with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-155
Author(s):  
Yu.K. Bolbot ◽  
T.A. Bordiі ◽  
Ya.V. Vilenskyi
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Allergic diseases of the respiratory system seriously affect the psychological, physical and social aspects of the live of sick children, morally and financially exhausting members of their families as well. It is known that exacerbations of allergic diseases of the respiratory tract occur due to interaction with numerous triggers, one of which is a respiratory viral infection. At the same time, it is widely known that patients with allergic respiratory diseases are more prone to to acute respiratory infections. One of the reasons for this tendency often is an insufficient activity of non-specific factors of local immunity of the respiratory system – endogenous amphiphilic antimicrobial peptides, in particular the most studied their representatives - the family of defensins and human cathelicidin. Current research proves that these antimicrobial peptides are characterized by broad antiviral, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity. The aim of this study was to study the concentrations of local immune factors - human HbD-2 and LL-37 - in the secretion of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis and to clarify their role in protection against respiratory viral infections in this contingent of patients. We performed laboratory and clinical examinations of 76 children aged 7 to 18 years, of whom 24 were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis, 28 children - bronchial asthma, and 24 - bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. The control group consisted of 20 healthy children of the appropriate sex and age. In addition to general clinical methods, patterns of respiratory morbidity were analyzed and concentrations of antimicrobial peptides were determined: by ELISA human cathelicidin (LL-37), β-defensin 2 (HbD-2) in the secretion of the upper respiratory tract, statistical analysis was performed. It was found that children with allergic diseases of the respiratory tract are characterized by a higher frequency of acute respiratory infections with more frequent involvement of the lower respiratory tract, which led to an increase in the duration of the disease compared to their healthy peers. In children with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma, there was revealed a significant decrease in the concentrations of antimicrobial peptides in the secretion of the upper respiratory tract compared with the control group.

Allergy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 911-916
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intensive Education

Study Population Study infants were born between November 12, 1981 and July 25, 1984. They were selected from a group who had parents with a history of atopy. Methods Participants were divided into two groups. I. Prophylaxis Group (N = 103). During the third trimester and while they were breast-feeding, women were instructed to avoid totally all milk, egg, and peanut products, to avoid concentrated soy (tofu), to limit wheat to no more than two servings daily, and to use other grains to fulfill their cereal and starch needs. They were also given prenatal vitamins and calcium supplements of 1500 mg daily. When breast-feeding was stopped, Nutramigen was to be fed to the baby until 12 months of age. They were to avoid solid foods until 6 months of age, starting with nonlegume vegetables followed by rice at 7 months, meat at 8 months, noncitrus juices at 9 months, cow's milk at 12 months, and wheat, soy, corn, and citrus thereafter at monthly intervals. II. Control Group (N = 185). Women in the control group were encouraged to follow standard diets for pregnancy and lactation, and they were given Enfamil when discontinuing breast-feeding. They were instructed to introduce solid foods as per the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation. III. Common to both study groups were the encouragement of breast-feeding for at least 4 to 6 months and the use of Tri-Vi-Flor. Parents were given intensive education on reducing environmental allergens and tobacco smoke in the house. Findings The cumulative prevalence of atopy was lower at 12 months in the prophylactic-treated group (16.2%) compared to the control group (27.1%), resulting from reduced food-associated atopic dermatitis, urticaria and/or gastrointestinal disease by 12 months (5.1% vs 16.4%), caused primarily by fewer positive mild skin tests (1% vs 12.4%).

Side-Effects of Antihypertensive Treatment: A Placebo-Controlled Study

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (s4) ◽  
pp. 341s-344s ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Bauer ◽  
J. Baker ◽  
S. N. Hunyor ◽  
P. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Mild Hypertension ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Blood Pressure Study ◽  
Modern Drug ◽  
Mild Hypertensive ◽  
Group D

1. A questionnaire, modified from Bulpitt & Dollery (1973), inquired about 20 symptoms commonly associated with hypertension or its drug therapy in 1017 subjects (age 30–69 years). Groups consisted of (a) active therapy, (b) placebo, (c) no tablets, and (d) a non-study control group. The response rate was 96% in the first three groups and 92% in group (d). 2. The subjects in groups (a), (b) and (c) constituted part of a placebo-controlled, patient-blind intervention study in the treatment of mild hypertension (The Australian National Blood Pressure Study). 3. After age/sex adjustment of the data, only sleepiness and self-assessed depression were found to be more common in the actively treated group. Impotence, failure of ejaculation and nocturia were age-related symptoms. Generally, complaint rate was higher in females. 4. The knowledge of a mild hypertensive condition or its modern drug therapy lead to very few symptoms in a non-hospital population who already have a fairly high ‘complaint level’.

scholarly journals Transverse effects on the nasomaxillary complex one year after rapid maxillary expansion as the only intervention: A controlled study

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina da Luz Baratieri ◽  
Maheus Alves Jr ◽  
Claudia Trindade Mattos ◽  
Geórgia Wain Thi Lau ◽  
Lincoln Issamu Nojima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Rapid Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Treatment Onset ◽  
One Year ◽  
Base Width

The aim of this study was to assess by means of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans the transverse effects on the nasomaxillary complex in patients submitted to rapid maxillary expansion (RME) using Haas expander in comparison to untreated individuals. This prospective controlled clinical study assessed 30 subjects (18 boys and 12 girls) with mixed dentition and during pubertal growth. The treated group was submitted to RME with Haas expander, retention for six months and a six-month follow-up after removal. The control group matched the treated group in terms of age and sex distribution. CBCT scans were taken at treatment onset and one year after the expander was activated. Maxillary first molars (U6) width, right and left U6 angulation, maxillary alveolar width, maxillary basal width, palatal alveolar width, palatal base width, right and left alveolar angulation, palatal area, nasal base width, nasal cavity width and inferior nasal cavity area on the posterior, middle and anterior coronal slices were measured with Dolphin Imaging Software(r) 11.5, except for the first two variables which were performed only on the posterior slice. All transverse dimensions increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the treated group in comparison to the control, except for alveolar angulation and inferior nasal cavity area (P > 0.05). Results suggest that increase of molar, maxillary, palatal and nasal transverse dimensions was stable in comparison to the control group one year after treatment with RME.

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