Letter To The Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-316
Author(s):  
Ralph A. Franciosi
Keyword(s):  
E Coli ◽  
In Vitro Sensitivity ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
The Media ◽  
Interesting Development ◽  
Co2 Atmosphere

Thank you very much for your letter regarding my letter to the editor and for the responses from Drs. Eichenwald and Mortimer. One interesting development that could be added as an addendum to show the artificial atmosphere of in vitro sensitivity is the finding that since we stopped incubating our sensitivity plates in a CO2 atmosphere, we have noted that only 11.5% of E. coli are resistant to kanamycin and only 8% resistant to ampicillin. Our sensitivity media is Mueller-Hinton with a pH of approximately 7.4. Apparently incubatioii in a CO2 atmosphere, which decreases the pH of the media, interferes with the sensitivity of E. coli in particular to kanamycin and ampicillin.

Letter To The Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-315
Author(s):  
Edward A. Mortimer
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Sensitivity Test ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Practical Guide ◽  
In Vitro Sensitivity ◽  
Letter To The Editor

We asked Drs. Edward Mortimer and Heinz Eichenwald for their comments. These follow: I agree with Dr. Franciosi that the most practical guide to therapy of bacterial infections with antibiotics currently is the in vitro sensitivity test. There is, of course, some variability in results that depends on many factors, including techniques, which unfortunately may differ from time to time and between laboratories. However, most laboratories currently find about two thirds of E. coli strains sensitive to ampicillin, as noted by Dr. Franciosi.

Effect of Ethanol/Trisodium Citrate Lock on Microorganisms Causing Hemodialysis Catheter-Related Infections

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Takla ◽  
S.A. Zelenitsky ◽  
L.M. Vercaigne
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Trisodium Citrate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Hemodialysis Catheter ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lock Solution ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Mueller Hinton Broth ◽  
Made In

Purpose This in vitro study tested the effectiveness of a novel 30% ethanol/4% trisodium citrate (TSC) lock solution against the most common pathogens causing hemodialysis catheter-related infections. Methods Clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (n=4), methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) (n=8), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) (n=8), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=4) and Escherichia coli (n=4) were tested in duplicate. Bacterial suspensions of each isolate were made in a control solution of normal saline and Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB), and in a lock solution of ethanol 30%, TSC 4% and MHB. Suspensions were incubated at 37 °C for 48 h. Colony counts were determined from samples collected at t=0 h (before exposure to the ethanol/TSC lock), t=1 h (one hour after exposure to the ethanol/TSC lock), t=24 h and t=48 h. To confirm the absence of viable organisms in the lock solution, the remaining volume at 48 h was filtered through a 0.45 μm filter. The filter was rinsed with 15 mL sterile water and plated on tryptic soy agar (TSA). Results All controls demonstrated significant growth over 48 h. In the lock solutions, initial inocula were reduced to 0 viable colonies by t=1 h (6-log kill), and there was no growth at t=24 and 48 h. Filtering of lock solutions also showed no growth. These results were consistent among duplicates of all isolates. Conclusions The 30% ethanol/4% TSC lock solution consistently eradicated MRSA, MSSA, MRSE, P. aeruginosa and E. coli within 1 h of exposure. Experiments are currently underway to test this novel lock solution on preventing biofilm production by these pathogens.

scholarly journals STUDY OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE PREPARATIONS WITH DIOXIDINE AND LEVOFLOXACIN ON MAIN PURULENT-INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES PATHOGENS

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 2109-2111
Author(s):  
Evheniia A. Shtaniuk ◽  
Oleksandra O. Vovk ◽  
Larisa V. Krasnikova ◽  
Yuliia I. Polyvianna ◽  
Tetiana I. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Definition Of

The aim: Study of antibacterial activity of the preparations, containing antiseptic dioxidine and antibiotic levofloxacin in vitro on standard strains of main optional-anaerobic pathogens of purulent-inflammatory processes of surgical wounds S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and definition of more effective ones on them. Materials and methods: Solutions of dioxidine 1.2 %, dioxidine 1.2% with decamethaxin, Dioxisole, water soluble ointment with dioxidine 1.2% and levofloxacin 0.1% with decamethaxin were used in experiment. Antibacterial activity was studied on standard strains of S. aureus АТСС 25923, E. coli АТСС 25922, P. aeruginosa АТСС 27853. Distinguishing and identification of pure cultures of bacteria was done according to generally accepted microbiological methods. Determination of purulent-inflammatory processes pathogens sensitivity was done by disco-diffuse method on Mueller-Hinton medium. Antibacterial activity of solutions and ointments was studied with the help of agar diffusion method (“well” method) according to methodic recommendations. Each investigation was repeated 6 times. Method of variation statistics was used for the research results analysis. Results: All antibacterial preparations under study are effective and highly effective on S. aureus АТСС 25923, E. coli АТСС 25922, P. aeruginosa АТСС 27853. Solution with 1.2 % dioxidine with decamethaxin and ointment with 0.1 % levofloxacin and decamethaxin have larger growth retardation zones towards S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. E. coli strains are more sensitive to the solution of Dioxisole and ointment with 1.2 % dioxidine. Conclusions: All strains are sensitive, most of them are highly sensitive, up to 5 antibacterial preparations under study in vitro.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of methods testing in vitro sensitivity to azithromycin in multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from cystic fibrosis patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Soerensen ◽  
Dennis Nurjadi ◽  
Bakhodur Khakimov ◽  
Sébastien Boutin ◽  
Alexander H. Dalpke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
In Vitro Sensitivity ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Abstract Long-term treatment with azithromycin is a therapeutic option in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients chronically infected with P. aeruginosa . It was recently shown that azithromycin has direct antimicrobial activity when P. aeruginosa isolates are tested in Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium supplemented with fetal calf serum (RPMI 1640/FCS) by broth microdilution. We now investigated whether (i) azithromycin might also be active against multidrug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa isolated from CF patients and (ii) how in vitro sensitivity assays perform in synthetic cystic fibrosis sputum medium (SCFM), a medium that mimics the particular CF airway environment. In 17 (59%) out of 29 MDR P. aeruginosa CF isolates MICs for azithromycin ranged between 0.25 and 8 µg/ml and 12 isolates (41%) showed a MIC ≥512 µg/ml when measured in RPMI/FCS. In contrast, MICs were ≥256 µg/ml for all P. aeruginosa MDR isolates when tested in either SCFM or in conventional cation-adjusted Mueller Hinton Broth. High MIC values observed in CF adapted medium SCFM for both PAO1 and MDR P. aeruginosa CF isolates, as opposed to findings in RPMI, argue against routine azithromycin MIC testing of CF isolates.

scholarly journals In vitro fermentation and prebiotic potential of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) flour

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-184
Author(s):  
A.R.T. Cirunay ◽  
L.E. Mopera ◽  
M.J.V. Sumague ◽  
J.A.N. Bautista
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Activity Score ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Prebiotic Activity ◽  
Pea Flour ◽  
The Media ◽  
Commercially Important

Prebiotics are widely recognized particularly for their role in selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract which beneficially affects the host health. Increasing interest has been given to the use of food materials that contain significant amounts of prebiotic components without the necessity of extracting these compounds. In this study, pigeon pea flour was evaluated as a potential prebiotic source. In vitro fermentation of pigeon pea flour by Lactobacillus plantarum (BIOTECH 1223) and Escherichia coli (BIOTECH 1634) was examined based on the changes in cell density, specific growth rate and mean doubling time of the microorganisms, as well as the change in total sugars, resistant starch, dietary fibers (insoluble, soluble and total), pH, titratable acidity of the media. The prebiotic activity score of pigeon pea flour was also determined to measure the extent to which it encourages the selective growth of L. plantarum compared with that of E. coli under the same conditions. Results showed significantly higher growth and metabolic activity of L. plantarum than E. coli in modified medium containing pigeon pea flour. Prebiotic activity score of pigeon pea flour is 0.14 which is not significantly different from the 0.18 prebiotic activity score of commerciallyavailable inulin. Since the prebiotic activity score of pigeon pea flour is comparable to that of inulin, this activity can be extended to other commercially important probiotic organisms and can serve as a rational basis for identifying synbiotics for incorporation into various food products.

scholarly journals Eficacia antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de eucalipto (Eucalyptus spp) sobre cepas de Escherichia coli y Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 932-938
Author(s):  
Mayra Montero-Recalde ◽  
María José Morocho-Núñez ◽  
Diana Avilés-Esquivel ◽  
Ángela Carrasco-Cando ◽  
Ramiro Erazo-Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mueller Hinton

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto antimicrobiano in vitro del aceite esencial de eucalipto (Eucaliptus spp) sobre Escherichia coli ATCC® 11229 y Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ATCC® 25904. Se evaluaron concentraciones al 30, 60 y 90% en dilución en etanol al 96.8%. Se determinó la Concentración Mínima Inhibitoria (CMI) mediante el método de microdilución en caldo. El inóculo bacteriano se estandarizó al 0.5 de la escala de MacFarland en espectofotómetro, obteniendo como resultado que las concentraciones de 60 y 90% no presentaron turbidez. La Concentración Mínima Bactericida (CMB) determinada en agar Mueller-Hinton se presentó a partir de la concentración del 60% para las dos cepas en estudio. La prueba de sensibilidad antimicrobiana indicó que todas concentraciones presentaron sensibilidad antimicrobiana y que las concentraciones al 30 y 60% no fueron significativamente diferentes, presentando halos de inhibición de 10.25 mm y 10.65 mm para la concentración de 30% para las cepas de Escherichia coli y Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, respectivamente. Por otro lado, los resultados para la cepa S. aureus subsp. aureus muestran que las concentraciones al 60% y 90% formaron halos de mayor diámetro que la cepa de E. coli.

In vitro evaluation of nutrients that selectively confer a competitive advantage to lactobacilli

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Vongsa ◽  
R.A. Minerath ◽  
M.A. Busch ◽  
J. Tan ◽  
D.W. Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Single Culture ◽  
The Media

An assay was developed that tested the ability of Lactobacillus acidophilus to outcompete a challenge of Escherichia coli in a mixed culture containing different test nutrients. Using this assay, addition of fructo-oligosaccharide to the media allowed L. acidophilus to outcompete a challenge of E. coli, whereas in a mixed culture without the prebiotic the trend was reversed. Growth curves generated for E. coli in a single culture showed that fructo-oligosaccharide did not affect growth, indicating that the carbohydrate was not toxic to E. coli. This indicates that fructo-oligosaccharides may increase the ability of beneficial microbes to outcompete a pathogenic challenge. These results were confirmed using a skin simulant model that incorporates growth of the organisms at an air-surface interface to mimic the vulvar environment. It is possible to use a co-culture assay as an in vitro screening tool to define nutrients that confer a competitive advantage to beneficial flora specific to the female urogenital tract.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Efektivitas Antibakteri Moringa oleifera dan Ziziphus mauritiana dengan Ekstrak Etanol 96% terhadap Escherichia Coli

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Eli Sania ◽  
Sandy Vitria Kurniawan ◽  
Yohanna Angelina
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Ziziphus Mauritiana ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mueller Hinton

Escherichia coli adalah bakteri normal pada pencernaan bagian bawah manusia, namun jika dalam jumlah di atas normal, E. coliakan menimbulkan berbagai penyakit. Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat dapat menyebabkan resistensi sehingga diperlukan pengobatan alternatif seperti obat-obatan herbal. Tanaman obat yang sudah banyak dieksplorasi sebagai senyawa antibakterial adalah daun kelor(Moringa oleifera)dan daun bidara (Ziziphus mauritiana). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat perbandingan efektivitas antibakteri Moringa oleifera dan Ziziphus mauritiana dengan pelarut etanol 96% terhadap E.coli.Desain penelitian ini menggunakan studi eksperimental in vitro. Moringa oleifera dan Ziziphus mauritiana diekstrak pada 10 konsentrasi yang berbeda. Metode uji yang digunakan adalah difusi cakram pada agar Mueller-Hinton. Kelompok perlakuan yaitu E. coliATCC 25922, Ciprofloksasin digunakan sebagai kontrol positif dan cakram yang direndam dalam etanol 96% digunakan sebagai kontrol negatif. Rata–rata zona inhibisi ekstrak daun Moringa oleifera adalah 10 mm,sedangkanekstrak daun Ziziphus mauritiana menimbulkan rata–rata zona inhibisi sebesar 14 mm.Rata–rata zona inhibisi dari kontrol positif adalah 33 mm. Kontrol negatif tidak memiliki zona inhibisi. Ekstrak daun Moringa oleifera dapat menginhibisi pertumbuhan bakteri E. coli pada konsentrasi 30% dengan zona inhibisi sebesar 7 mm, dan ekstrak daun Ziziphus mauritianadapat menginhibisi pertumbuhan bakteri E. coli pada konsentrasi 20% dengan zona inhibisi 12 mm. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa Ziziphus mauritiana memiliki kemampuan antibakteri yang lebih efektif daripada Moringa oleifera.

scholarly journals Antibiotic activity in microbiological media versus that in human urine: comparison of ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
G R Drobot ◽  
J A Karlowsky ◽  
D J Hoban ◽  
G G Zhanel
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Model ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Mueller Hinton Broth

The activities of three antibiotics in both Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB) and pooled human urine were compared by using an in vitro pharmacodynamic model. Clinical and reference strains of Escherichia coli were exposed to antibiotics at concentrations achievable in human urine. The rate of bacterial killing (time to a reduction of 3 log10 CFU/ml) and the extent of bacterial killing at 24 h were examined. Between MHB and urine, there were no significant differences in the rate or extent of bacterial killing for both ampicillin and ciprofloxacin. For trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole there was no significant difference in the extent of bacterial killing in urine compared with that in MHB (P > 0.1); however, there was a significant decrease in the rate of bacterial killing in urine compared with that in MHB (P < 0.001). We conclude that with ampicillin and ciprofloxacin, activity against E. coli in MHB is predictive of the effects in human urine. The activity of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in MHB predicts the extent but not the rate of bacterial killing in human urine.

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