Mycoplasma pneumoniae Meningoencephalitis and Transverse Myelitis in Association with Low Cerebrospinal Fluid Glucose

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-135
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Klimek ◽  
Barry S. Russman ◽  
Richard Quintiliani
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Central Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Serial Serum ◽  
Serological Data ◽  
Etiologic Relationship

Awareness of the neurologic complications of Mycoplasma pneumoniae is increasing as is indicated by two recent review articles on this subject1,2 and by the appearance of more frequent isolated case reports on the same subject.3-6 The association of M. pneumoniae with central nervous system dysfunction has been based mainly on clinical observations and serological data from serial serum samples. Direct evidence of an etiologic relationship is still lacking, for attempts at isolation of this organism from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of brain tissue have been uniformly unsuccessful. In fact, most of the serological support for this association has been established from serum samples rather than from studies of the CSF.

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin M antibody response against Mycoplasma pneumoniae lipid antigen in patients with acute pancreatitis

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
P O Leinikki ◽  
P Panzar ◽  
H Tykkä
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Lipid Antigen ◽  
Serial Serum

Serial serum samples from patients with acute pancreatitis showed a significant increase in antibodies against methanol-chloroform-extracted lipid antigen from Mycoplasma pneumoniae when tested by complement fixation. The antibodies did not react with antigens prepared from other human mycoplasmas or from pancreatic tissue by lipid extraction. The antibodies were predominantly immunoglobulin M (IgM). No correlation with cold agglutinins or cardiolipid complement-fixing antibodies was found. The IgM antibody response seemed to be prolonged: after 3 to 4 weeks the antibodies were still in many cases exclusively IgM. Similar IgM responses were also found in certain cases of acute meningoencephalitis. We postulate that during the disease antigenic components identical or very similar to major determinants in the M. pneumoniae lipid antigen are revealed and elicit the IgM antibody response. Their resemblance to natural antibodies and their possible biological role is discussed.

scholarly journals Absence of Association between Previous Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection and Subsequent Myasthenia Gravis: A Nationwide Population-Based Matched Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7677
Author(s):  
Kuan Chen ◽  
James Cheng-Chung Wei ◽  
Hei-Tung Yip ◽  
Mei-Chia Chou ◽  
Renin Chang
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
The Impact

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is not only one of the most common pathogenic bacteria for respiratory infection but also a trigger for many autoimmune diseases. Its infection process shared many similarities with the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG) at cellular and cytokine levels. Recent case reports demonstrated patients present with MG after M. pneumoniae infection. However, no epidemiological studies ever looked into the association between the two. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between M. pneumoniae infection and subsequent development of MG. In this population-based retrospective cohort study, the risk of MG was analyzed in patients who were newly diagnosed with M. pneumoniae infection between 2000 and 2013. A total of 2428 M. pneumoniae patients were included and matched with the non-M. pneumoniae control cohort at a 1:4 ratio by age, sex, and index date. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was applied to analyze the risk of MG development after adjusting for sex, age, and comorbidities, with hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. The incidence rates of MG in the non-M. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae cohorts were 0.96 and 1.97 per 10,000 person-years, respectively. Another case–control study of patients with MG (n = 515) was conducted to analyze the impact of M. pneumoniae on MG occurrence as a sensitivity analysis. The analysis yielded consistent absence of a link between M. pneumoniae and MG. Although previous studies have reported that M. pneumoniae infection and MG may share associated immunologic pathways, we found no statistical significance between M. pneumoniae infection and subsequent development of MG in this study.

scholarly journals Severe Gastrooesophageal Reflux Disease Associated with Foetal Alcohol Syndrome

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
N. K. Sujay ◽  
Matthew Jones ◽  
Emma Whittle ◽  
Helen Murphy ◽  
Marcus K. H. Auth
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Central Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Foetal Alcohol Syndrome ◽  
Gastrooesophageal Reflux

Prenatal alcohol exposure may have adverse effects on the developing foetus resulting in significant growth restriction, characteristic craniofacial features, and central nervous system dysfunction. The toxic effects of alcohol on the developing brain are well recognised. However, little is known about the effects of alcohol on the developing gastrointestinal tract or their mechanism. There are few case reports showing an association between foetal alcohol syndrome and gastrointestinal neuropathy. We report a rare association between foetal alcohol syndrome and severe gastrooesophageal reflux disease in an infant who ultimately required fundoplication to optimise her growth and nutrition. The child had failed to respond to maximal medical treatment (domperidone and omeprazole), high calorie feeds, PEG feeding, or total parenteral nutrition. The effect of alcohol on the developing foetus is not limited to the central nervous system but also can have varied and devastating effects on the gastrointestinal tract.

The Implication of Viruses in Idiopathic Sudden Hearing Loss: Primary Infection or Reactivation of Latent Viruses?

1981 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Veltri ◽  
William R. Wilson ◽  
Philip M. Sprinkle ◽  
Susan M. Rodman ◽  
Debra A. Kavesh
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Sudden Hearing Loss ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Paired Serum ◽  
Group B

Seventy-seven paired serum samples from patients with known idiopathic sudden hearing loss (ISHL) were surveyed using viral serologic methods. Fifteen different viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae were the agents tested. We determined an incidence of 65% (49/77) of documented significant seroconversions to one or more of the agents surveyed. Multiple agents were involved in 24 of the 49 positive cases we studied. Influenza virus Group B in 14 (18%) and rubeola in 12 (16%) were the most prevalent, followed by Herpes simplex type 1 in 6 (8%), mumps in 6 (8%), influenza Group A3 in 6 (8%), rubella in 5 (7%), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in 5 (7%).

Guillain-Barré and transverse myelitis overlap syndrome: Two case reports

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Martín Moyano ◽  
Virginia Delgado Gil ◽  
Guillermina García Martín
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Overlap Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré

Human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) pneumonitis and meningitis with viraemia in an immunocompetent adult patient

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e239220
Author(s):  
Maria Alkozah ◽  
Rami Hallak ◽  
Imad Bou Akl ◽  
Aline El Zakhem
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Virus Reactivation ◽  
Human Herpes ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Human Herpes Virus ◽  
Human Herpes Virus 6 ◽  
Herpès Virus

Human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) infection is a common infection in the paediatric population and is increasingly reported in immunosuppressed adult patients. It has been reported as the causative agent of disease in few case reports in immunocompetent adults. We report herein an unusual case of HHV-6-associated viraemia, pneumonitis and meningitis in a patient who presented with dyspnoea, hypoxia, dry cough and headache. She was treated for atypical pneumonia with no improvement. Meningitis was suspected as headache kept worsening. HHV-6B was detected by PCR in the cerebrospinal fluid, and subsequently, in the bronchoalveolar lavage and serum samples. Studies were negative for the most common primary and secondary immunodeficiency syndromes, and serology could not be performed to differentiate virus reactivation from a primary infection. The patient was successfully treated with ganciclovir and had no residual sequelae.

scholarly journals Association Between Vancomycin Blood Brain Barrier Penetration and Clinical Response in Postsurgical Meningitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Wang ◽  
Si Chen ◽  
Yan-Gang Zhou ◽  
Ping Xu ◽  
Yi-Ping Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Barrier Penetration ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts

PURPOSE: This study investigated the association between vancomycin blood brain barrier penetration and clinical response in patients with postsurgical meningitis. METHODS: Adult patients with postsurgical meningitis were recruited. Eligible patients received vancomycin 500 mg every 6 h for at least 5 days. On day 3 or 4, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and simultaneous serum samples were obtained to determine CSF minimum concentrations (Cmin), serum Cmin and CSF to serum Cmin ratio. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients (14 men and 8 women; mean age of 52.6± 12.1 years) were recruited. The vancomycin Cmin was 3.63 ± 1.64 mg/L in CSF and 13.38 ± 5.36 mg/L in serum, with the CSF to serum Cmin ratio of 0.291 ± 0.118. The Cmin in serum and in CSF showed a significant correlation (p=0.005, r =0.575). The vancomycin CSF Cmin had a significant correlation with the decline of white blood cell counts (WBCs) in CSF (p=0.003, r =0.609). CSF Cmin, serum Cmin and CSF to serum Cmin ratio all showed no significant correlation with clinical response (p=0.335, 0.100, 0.679, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: There was a positive correlation between serum Cmin and CSF Cmin. However, only CSF Cmin is positively correlated with WBCs improvement in CSF. All other parameters such as serum Cmin, CSF Cmin and CSF to serum Cmin ratio had no correlation with clinical response. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

scholarly journals Oligoclonal IgG bands in the cerebrospinal fluid of portuguese patients with multiple sclerosis: negative results indicate benign disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 63 (2b) ◽  
pp. 375-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria José Sá ◽  
Lucinda Sequeira ◽  
Maria Edite Rio ◽  
Edward J. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Benign Disease ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Oligoclonal Igg ◽  
Oligoclonal Igg Bands

We assessed the frequency of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) restricted oligoclonal IgG bands (IgG-OCB) in Portuguese multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and its relationship with outcome. Paired CSF/serum samples of 406 patients with neurological disorders were submitted to isoelectric focusing with immunodetection of IgG. Ninety-two patients had definite MS; non-MS cases were assembled in groups inflammatory/infectious diseases (ID, n=141) and other/controls (OD, n=173). We found in the MS group: mean duration, 38.9 months; clinically isolated syndromes, 24%; relapsing/remitting course (RR), 65%; in RR patients the mean EDSS was 2.1 and the mean index of progression was 0.31. Positive patterns significantly predominated in MS (82.6%; ID, 40.4%; OD, 3.5%). The sensitivity and the specificity of positive IgG-OCB for MS diagnosis was 82.6% and 79.9%, respectively. The sole statistically significant difference in the MS group was the lower progression index observed in negative cases. We conclude that the frequency of positive IgG-OCB patterns in our MS patients fits most values reported in the literature, and that negative results indicate benign disease.

scholarly journals Serum and cerebrospinal fluid host proteins indicate stroke in children with tuberculous meningitis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250944
Author(s):  
Charles M. Manyelo ◽  
Novel N. Chegou ◽  
James A. Seddon ◽  
Candice I. Snyders ◽  
Hygon Mutavhatsindi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Lipocalin 2 ◽  
Host Proteins ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Csf Proteins ◽  
Study Participants

Introduction Stroke is a common complication in children with tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Host proteins may give us insight into the mechanisms of stroke in TBM and serve as biomarkers for detection of stroke, however, they have not been widely explored. In this study, we compared the concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum proteins between children who had TBM-related stroke and children with TBM without stroke. Methods We collected CSF and serum from 47 children consecutively admitted to the Tygerberg Academic Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa between November 2016, and November 2017, on suspicion of having TBM. A multiplex platform was used to measure the concentrations of 69 host proteins in CSF and serum from all study participants. Results After classification of study participants, 23 (48.9%) out of the 47 study participants were diagnosed with TBM, of which 14 (60.9%) demonstrated radiological arterial ischemic infarction. The levels of lipocalin-2, sRAGE, IP-10/ CXCL10, sVCAM-1, MMP-1, and PDGF-AA in CSF samples and the levels of D-dimer, ADAMTS13, SAA, ferritin, MCP-1/ CCL2, GDF-15 and IL-13 in serum samples were statistically different between children who had TBM-related stroke and children with TBM without stroke. After correcting for multiple testing, only the levels of sVCAM-1, MMP-1, sRAGE, and IP-10/ CXCL10 in CSF were statistically different between the two groups. CSF and serum protein biosignatures indicated stroke in children diagnosed with TBM with up to 100% sensitivity and 88.9% specificity. Conclusion Serum and CSF proteins may serve as biomarkers for identifying individuals with stroke amongst children diagnosed with TBM at admission and may guide us to understand the biology of stroke in TBM. This was a pilot study, and thus further investigations in larger studies are needed.

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