FAMILY MORE IMPORTANT THAN HOUSING IN CHILDREN'S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-389
Author(s):  
R. J. H.
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
World War ◽  
Parental Occupation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The City ◽  
Type Of School

In Warsaw, Poland, a city destroyed at the end of World War II, housing and schools were rebuilt and assigned without regard to social class. In 1974, 96% of the children born eleven years earlier, were tested for cognitive ability and correlations made between parental occupation and education and with the school and distance of the home from the city. Results showed that parental occupation and education were much more strongly correlated with cognitive development than type of school or district in which the family lived. The authors conclude that equalization of living conditions and schooling over a generation have "failed to override forces that determine the social class distribution of mental performance among children."

Leslie Crombie. 10 June 1923 — 3 August 1999

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 125-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Pattenden
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Grammar School ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
World War ◽  
Isle Of Wight ◽  
School Certificate ◽  
The Family ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Three Sisters

Leslie Crombie was born in York on 10 June 1923, the second eldest, and only boy, of Walter Crombie and Gladys (née Clarkson). On his father's side his great-grandfather had kept a tobacconist shop in York and his grandfather, George, had founded a prosperous legal practice in the City of York. On his mother's side, Leslie's great–grandfather originated from London and settled in York after helping to build the York Railway Station. Leslie's father qualified as a solicitor and practised law in his grandfather George's office. However, he disliked the profession and, after his marriage and the death of his father, Walter passed over the practice to his brother Norman and took the lease of a hotel in the Isle of Wight. Unfortunately, the hotel did not prosper and was given up after a few years, and the family, which included Leslie's three sisters, Ivy, June and Molly, moved to Portsmouth. Although Leslie's father had a small allowance from his brother Norman and the legal practice in York, and he had various small intermittent incomes from teaching, the family was desperately poor during the 1930s. Leslie received little encouragement from his parents, but he passed the 11+ examination and entered Portsmouth Northern Grammar School in 1934, where he was awarded a very respectable School Certificate when he was 16 years old. However, it was now 1939 and World War II was about to start, and his school was evacuated to Winchester. With poor living conditions and little facilities for study, the young Leslie was determined to take a job and study part-time. He was appointed in 1940 as an assistant in the analytical laboratory of Timothy Whites and Taylor at their head office in Portsmouth under the supervision of Ron Gillham, who greatly influenced his further career; he was paid 13 shillings and 6 pence (in decimal terms, 67½pence) per week. In the evenings, Leslie studied at Portsmouth Municipal College for a London University Intermediate BSc. Alas, after a heavy bombing raid in January 1941, Timothy Whites and Taylor's laboratories were removed from the map, along with a great deal of the centre of Portsmouth—but fortunately not the MunicipalCollege.

Family and Childhood

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret L. King
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Childhood And Youth ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Annales School

Scholars largely neglected the history of the family until after World War II, when they began to employ theoretical perspectives imported from the social sciences. In the 1960s, two principal figures triggered its study: Philippe Ariès, associated with the French Annales school, and Peter Laslett, cofounder at Cambridge University, England, of the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure. Since that period, studies have proliferated on the history of family and household in Europe and its subregions and on the related topics of childhood and youth.

The ethics of major American foreign policies

1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
World War ◽  
Greek Thought ◽  
The Family ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
City States ◽  
The City

The theologian Reinhold Neibuhr oftentimes warned that moralists who entered the foreign policy sphere were likely to be more destructive of a nation's ideals than were cynical realists. Evidently he feared that those who lacked a sense of the limits of foreign policy would proceed as if the values and goods which were attainable in the more intimate communities of the family, the locality and the nation were attainable in the international community as well. Whatever Neibuhr's quarrels and debates with classical Greek thought, he was at one with Plato and Aristotle and their present day followers in believing that justice could be more effectively pursued by the smaller communities, such as the city states. He insisted on a recognition of the differences between such communities and the major present day world powers. From World War II until his death, he wrote more about foreign policy than any other aspect of public policy. He wrote scores of articles, some published in less prominent journals, about American foreign policy and its moral basis.

REFUGEE CAMPS AND GATED COMMUNITIES AS A SOLUTION FOR HOUSING

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Büşra Özaydin Çat
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Refugee Camp ◽  
Gated Communities ◽  
Gated Community ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

Today the World has a biggest crisis of refugee since The World War II. Refugee is a person who is depressed due to his/her religion, race and ideas or who defect to another country with fear of being oppressed. The refugee camps are high intensity places which provide refugees housing and other social and physical needs. On the other hand today in the capitalist and global cities the most important places for housing are gated communities. The scope of this study is to examine the social and physical similarities of refugee camps and gated communities. Within this framework when we look at some definitions of the concept of gated community, we can see the imitation of refugee camp. In this study, firstly the concept of housing/dwelling and the concept of security which is the most important reason of emerging of gated communities and refugee camps will be analyzed. Then physical and social resemblances of gated communities and refugee camps will be examined. For identifying physical similarities being surrounded by wall or fence, location of the gated communities and refugee camps in the city, their outbuildings like market, pharmacy and their intensity will be analyzed. For social similarities the sense of belonging of refugees and residents and their relations with city will be examined. The results of these will be summarized and evaluated.

scholarly journals Struktura zawodowa Płocka w świetle księgi ławniczej miasta za lata 1489-1517

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
Waldemar Graczyk
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Charity Care ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
The Needy

Liber actorum civilium of the city of Płock covering the years 1489-1517 is a valuable source of information about the social and professional structure of Płock, as well as its customs and culture at the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries. Fortunately it survived the destruction of archival and library collections in Warsaw during World War II, and was published in 1995 by Danuta Poppe. On the pages of this liber of the city of Płock for the years 489-1517 we find representatives of 20 professions who lived and worked in Płock. As was already mentioned it is not the complete list, although it still shows the areas of the activity of the townspeople from Płock. The testaments say a lot about their financial status where sacrum, charity, care and family protection completed each other. The records in which the Płock craftsman appear on the pages of the liber actorum civilum concerned every day matters as purchase, sale, exchange, lease or donations. The fact that they enjoyed the popularity of the residents of the city shows that they were asked for arbitration of arguable matters. At the turn of 15th and 16th century the craftsmen were involved in the guilds, of which the liber mentions four: butchers, weavers, shoemakers, saddlers. The traits were concerned with the development of the craft among other trade contracts. Moreover they defended the interests of their community, they provided aid to the needy, gave opportunities for social contacts and also cared for the morality of the guild members.

The Results of the Work of the Polish-Czechoslovakian Legal Cooperation Commission Pertaining to the Legal Situation of Children – the Polish Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Jurczyk-Romanowska
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
World War ◽  
Legal Situation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Illegitimate Children ◽  
Family Code

AbstractThe paper presents the changes of family law regulations in Poland after World War II which aimed to adapt the first unification of the regulations that had taken place in 1945–1946 to the social reality. That is why in 1948 the Polish-Czechoslovakian Legal Cooperation Commission was established. The Commission was to develop a project of regulations to be introduced in Poland and in Czechoslovakia. The results of the works of the Commission include: Act on family law (went into effect on January 1, 1950 in Czechoslovakia) and the Family Code (went into effect on October 1, 1950 in Poland). Both the legal acts were highly similar in their structure as well as the employed legal solutions. In her paper the author concentrates on the regulation of the legal situation of children in Poland's Family Code, because it is her belief that this regulation aimed to make equal the legal situation of legitimate and illegitimate children. These problems were regulated in an identical way in both countries.

The Formation of a Budding Man Alone: The God Boy (Murray Reece, 1976)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Fox
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
World War ◽  
Value System ◽  
Feature Films ◽  
The Family

This chapter analyses the earliest of the New Zealand coming-of-age feature films, an adaptation of Ian Cross’s novel The God Boy, to demonstrate how it addresses the destructive impact on a child of the puritanical value-system that had dominated Pākehā (white) society through much of the twentieth century, being particularly strong during the interwar years, and the decade immediately following World War II. The discussion explores how dysfunction within the family and repressive religious beliefs eventuate in pressures that cause Jimmy, the protagonist, to act out transgressively, and then to turn inwards to seek refuge in the form of self-containment that makes him a prototype of the Man Alone figure that is ubiquitous in New Zealand fiction.

“I WRITE LETTER, AND AROUND GOES BATTLE”: CULTURAL GAPS IN WARTIME

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Anna Kimerling
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Family Care ◽  
World War ◽  
Family Control ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Family ◽  
Care Practices ◽  
Flow Of Information ◽  
Cultural Gaps

The article is devoted to the features of the wartime culture. The source was a unique collection of letters from the fronts of World War II, written by political instructor Arkady Georgievich Endaltsev. The war led to the breakdown of familiar cultural models. It is important to understand how, adaptation to new standards occurred on an individual level. For A. Endaltsev, family care practices were a way to bridge cultural gaps. They are reflected in the letters. There, framed by ideologically verified stamps, one can find financial assistance to the family, control over the education of the daughter, the need for a continuous flow of information about the life of the wife and children.

Nature Behind Barbed Wire

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie Y. Chiang
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Japanese Americans ◽  
Japanese American ◽  
World War ◽  
Us History ◽  
War Relocation Authority ◽  
The Social ◽  
Japanese Ancestry

The mass imprisonment of over 110,000 people of Japanese ancestry during World War II was one of the most egregious violations of civil liberties in US history. Removed from their homes on the temperate Pacific Coast, Japanese Americans spent the war years in ten desolate camps in the nation’s interior. Although scholars and commentators acknowledge the harsh environmental conditions of these camps, they have turned their attention to the social, political, or legal dimensions of this story. Nature Behind Barbed Wire shifts the focus to the natural world and explores how it shaped the experiences of Japanese Americans and federal officials who worked for the War Relocation Authority (WRA), the civilian agency that administered the camps. The complexities of the natural world both enhanced and constrained the WRA’s power and provided Japanese Americans with opportunities to redefine the terms and conditions of their confinement. Even as the environment compounded their feelings of despair and outrage, they also learned that their willingness (or lack thereof) to transform and adapt to the natural world could help them endure and even contest their incarceration. Ultimately, this book demonstrates that the Japanese American incarceration was fundamentally an environmental story. Japanese Americans and WRA officials negotiated the terms of confinement with each other and with a dynamic natural world.

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