CLINICAL ACUMEN—FIFTY YEARS AGO!

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-442
Author(s):  
Julius H. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Artificial Food ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Breast Fed

There can be no comparison between the results to be expected in feeding premature infants on human milk, and those to be obtained with artificial food. With human milk taken from a well-regulated department for wet-nurses, the milk can be obtained fresh, practically sterile; it is more digestible; its constituents are of the quality and in the proportions required for the growth and development of the human body; and it is live, and contains many of the immunity-comferring properties, as evidenced by the resistance of a breast-fed infant to infections and contagious diseases. Most of these properties and advantages are lacking in the dead foods used in artificial feeding.

scholarly journals How Gut Microbiota Supports Immunity, Growth and Development of Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1SP) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Ariani Dewi Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiome ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Complex Ecosystem ◽  
Full Enteral Feeding ◽  
Lower Morbidity

ABSTRACTBackground: Gut microbiota, a complex ecosystem consisting of abundant microorganisms, plays a role in preterm infants’ immunity, growth, and development. Dysbiosis or disruption of the gut microbiota can precipitate various diseases, such as allergy or autoimmune disorders in premature infants. Purpose: This study aimed to review gut microbiota in preterm infants and its role in supporting the infants’ immunity, growth, and development. Discussion: Bifidobactericeae is the predominant microbiota in GI tract of preterm infants. However, various factors can influence this gut microbiota e.g., genetics, lifestyle of the mothers (smoking, diet, use of antibiotic, obesity), birth mode, type of feeding, and environmental factors. Gut dysbiosis can result in impaired immune system which predisposes the preterm infants to infections, even fatal adverse event. Furthermore, the growth and development might be affected as well as lead to various neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Human milk is a prebiotic source which can stimulate the growth of Baifidobactericeae and Bacteroidetes. If the human milk is inadequate or unavailable, the recommended interventions for gut dysbiosis in premature infants are probiotics, prebiotics, or both supplementations (synbiotics). The administration of prebiotics and probiotics associates with lower morbidity and death rates in preterm infants, as well as shorter duration of hospital stay and duration to achieve full enteral feeding. Conclusions: Immunity as well as growth and development of preterm infants are affected greatly by gut microbiota The less diverse microbiota in preterm infants’ gut predispose them to various health problems. Hence, this problem should be managed properly, one of which is prebiotic and probiotic supplementation Keywords: Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Premature, Immunity, Growth, Development

scholarly journals Acquired Zinc Deficiency Mimicking Acrodermatitis Enteropathica in a Breast-Fed Premature Infant

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-449
Author(s):  
Giovanna D’Amico ◽  
Corinne De Laet ◽  
Guillaume Smits ◽  
Deborah Salik ◽  
Guillaume Deprez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Zinc Supplementation ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Acrodermatitis Enteropathica ◽  
Born Infant ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Low Serum

We present a case of a transient acquired zinc deficiency in a breast-fed, 4-month-old-male prematurely born infant, with acrodermatitis enteropathica-like symptoms such as crusted, eroded, erythemato-squamous eruption in periorificial and acral patterns. The laboratory investigations showed low zinc levels in the infant’s and the mother’s serum and in the mother’s milk; genetic analysis did not show any mutation in the SLC39A4 gene, involved in acrodermatitis enteropathica. Acquired zinc deficiency is often found in premature infants because of their increased requirement, the low serum and milk zinc levels in breastfeeding women being also an important risk factor, as in this case. A prompt zinc supplementation is essential for the good prognosis of the disease.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE SODIUM, POTASSIUM, AND CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION OF THE FEEDING TO THE WEIGHT GAIN OF PREMATURE INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 909-916
Author(s):  
Herbert I. Goldman ◽  
Samuel Karelitz ◽  
Hedda Acs ◽  
Eli Seifter
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

One hundred four healthy premature infants, of birth weight 1,000 to 1,800 gm, were fed one of five feedings: (1) human milk; (2) human milk plus 13 meq/l of sodium chloride; (3) human milk plus 13 meq/l of sodium chloride and 18 meq/l of potassium chloride; (4) a half-skimmed cows milk formula; and (5) a partially-skimmed vegetable oil, cows milk formula. The infants fed any of the three human milk formulas gained weight at a slower rate than the infants fed either of the two cows milk formulas. Infants whose diets were changed from unmodified human milk to the half-skimmed cows milk gained large amounts of weight, and at times were visibly edematous. Infants whose diets were changed from the human milks with added sodium chloride, to the half-skimmed cows milk, gained lesser amounts of weight and did not become edematous. The infants fed the two cows milk diets gained similar amounts of weight, although one diet provided 6.5 gm/kg/day, the other 3.1 gm/kg/day of protein.

Water-Soluble Vitamin D in Human Milk: A Myth

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-499
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Little
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
University Of Wisconsin ◽  
Water Soluble Vitamin ◽  
The University ◽  
Breast Fed

I was happy to read the report from Greer et al.1 This biochemically confirms the clinical observation that the majority of children who develop clinical rickets are breast-fed. During the ten years, 1970-1979, I have seen six cases of clinical rickets. All of these infants were breast-fed.2 The only exception has been the rickets of prematurity. I should like to commend, again, the report from the Department of Pediatrics and Biochemistry of the University of Wisconsin.

Continuing Education Article Formulas and human milk for premature infants: A review and update

1982 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Sue Brady ◽  
Karyl A. Rickard ◽  
Judith A. Ernst ◽  
Richard L. Schreiner ◽  
James A. Lemons
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Continuing Education ◽  
Premature Infants

Dietary Nucleotide Effects upon Immune Function in Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-363
Author(s):  
Jane D. Carver ◽  
Bernardo Pimentel ◽  
William I. Cox ◽  
Lewis A. Barness
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Nonprotein Nitrogen ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Group Rate ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Normal Immune Function

Nucleotide (NT) nitrogen, a component of nonprotein nitrogen, accounts for approximately 0.1% to 0.15% of the total nitrogen content of human milk. The results of studies in animals indicate that dietary NTs may be required for maintenance of normal immune function. Thirty-seven healthy term infants were either breast-fed (n = 9) or fed SMA formula supplemented with 33 mg of NTs per liter (n = 13, NT+) or standard SMA formula (n = 15; NT-). At 2 months of age, natural killer cell percent cytotoxicity was significantly higher in the breast-fed and NT+ groups compared with the NT- group (41.7 ± 4.7, 32.2 ± 3.4, 21.7 ± 2.2%, respectively). Interleukin-2 production by stimulated mononuclear cells was higher in the NT+ compared with the NT- group at 2 months of age (0.90 ± 0.28 U/mL, 0.27 ± 0.11 U/mL, respectively); neither formula-fed group differed significantly from the breast-fed group. Rate of growth and incidence and severity of infections did not differ significantly among dietary groups. Nucleotides may be a component of human milk that contributes to the enhanced immunity of the breast-fed infant.

Human Milk and Breast-Feeding

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-504
Author(s):  
BARBARA W. HUDSON
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Unique System

It was refreshing and reassuring to read an article on human milk and breast-feeding (Pediatrics, 34:837, 1964), after thumbing through eleven advertisements for artificial feeding in the same issue. The joy of breast-feeding is fast becoming a lost art in our modern culture. Breast-feeding is a natural and unique system of supply and demand which best serves mother and baby. Breast-feeding has not become complicated, only our attitudes toward it have created problems.

scholarly journals Premature small for gestational age infants fed an exclusive human milk-based diet achieve catch-up growth without metabolic consequences at 2 years of age

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. F242-F247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chonnikant Visuthranukul ◽  
Steven A Abrams ◽  
Keli M Hawthorne ◽  
Joseph L Hagan ◽  
Amy B Hair
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Metabolic Outcomes ◽  
Catch Up

ObjectiveTo compare postdischarge growth, adiposity and metabolic outcomes of appropriate for gestational age (AGA) versus small for gestational age (SGA) premature infants fed an exclusive human milk (HM)-based diet in the neonatal intensive care unit.DesignPremature infants (birth weight ≤1250 g) fed an exclusive HM-based diet were examined at 12–15 months corrected gestational age (CGA) (visit 1) for anthropometrics, serum glucose and non-fasting insulin, and at 18–22 months CGA (visit 2) for body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.ResultsOf 51 children, 33 were AGA and 18 were SGA at birth. The SGA group had weight gain (g/day) equal to AGA group during the follow-up period. SGA had a significantly greater body mass index (BMI) z-score gain from visit 1 to visit 2 (0.25±1.10 vs −0.21±0.84, p=0.02) reflecting catch-up growth. There were no significant differences in total fat mass (FM) and trunk FM between groups. SGA had significantly lower insulin level (5.0±3.7 vs 17.3±15.1 µU/mL, p=0.02) and homeostatic model of assessment-insulin resistance (1.1±0.9 vs 4.3±4.1, p=0.02). Although regional trunk FM correlated with insulin levels in SGA (r=0.893, p=0.04), they had lower insulin level compared with AGA and no difference in adiposity.ConclusionsSGA premature infants who received an exclusive HM-based diet exhibited greater catch-up growth without increased adiposity or elevated insulin resistance compared with AGA at 2 years of age. An exclusive HM-based diet may improve long-term body composition and metabolic outcomes of premature infants with ≤1250 g birth weight, specifically SGA.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document