Growth and Development of Premature Infants Fed Predominantly Human Milk, Predominantly Premature Infant Formula, or a Combination of Human Milk and Premature Formula

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah L. O'Connor ◽  
Joan Jacobs ◽  
Robert Hall ◽  
David Adamkin ◽  
Nancy Auestad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Premature Infant ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Growth And Development

scholarly journals How Gut Microbiota Supports Immunity, Growth and Development of Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1SP) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Ariani Dewi Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiome ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Complex Ecosystem ◽  
Full Enteral Feeding ◽  
Lower Morbidity

ABSTRACTBackground: Gut microbiota, a complex ecosystem consisting of abundant microorganisms, plays a role in preterm infants’ immunity, growth, and development. Dysbiosis or disruption of the gut microbiota can precipitate various diseases, such as allergy or autoimmune disorders in premature infants. Purpose: This study aimed to review gut microbiota in preterm infants and its role in supporting the infants’ immunity, growth, and development. Discussion: Bifidobactericeae is the predominant microbiota in GI tract of preterm infants. However, various factors can influence this gut microbiota e.g., genetics, lifestyle of the mothers (smoking, diet, use of antibiotic, obesity), birth mode, type of feeding, and environmental factors. Gut dysbiosis can result in impaired immune system which predisposes the preterm infants to infections, even fatal adverse event. Furthermore, the growth and development might be affected as well as lead to various neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Human milk is a prebiotic source which can stimulate the growth of Baifidobactericeae and Bacteroidetes. If the human milk is inadequate or unavailable, the recommended interventions for gut dysbiosis in premature infants are probiotics, prebiotics, or both supplementations (synbiotics). The administration of prebiotics and probiotics associates with lower morbidity and death rates in preterm infants, as well as shorter duration of hospital stay and duration to achieve full enteral feeding. Conclusions: Immunity as well as growth and development of preterm infants are affected greatly by gut microbiota The less diverse microbiota in preterm infants’ gut predispose them to various health problems. Hence, this problem should be managed properly, one of which is prebiotic and probiotic supplementation Keywords: Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Premature, Immunity, Growth, Development

CLINICAL ACUMEN—FIFTY YEARS AGO!

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-442
Author(s):  
Julius H. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Artificial Food ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Breast Fed

There can be no comparison between the results to be expected in feeding premature infants on human milk, and those to be obtained with artificial food. With human milk taken from a well-regulated department for wet-nurses, the milk can be obtained fresh, practically sterile; it is more digestible; its constituents are of the quality and in the proportions required for the growth and development of the human body; and it is live, and contains many of the immunity-comferring properties, as evidenced by the resistance of a breast-fed infant to infections and contagious diseases. Most of these properties and advantages are lacking in the dead foods used in artificial feeding.

scholarly journals Different Effects of Premature Infant Formula and Breast Milk on Intestinal Microecological Development in Premature Infants

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Qiuyue Yin ◽  
Hui Wu ◽  
Lei Cheng ◽  
Jung-Il Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Premature Infant ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Premature Infants

FEEDING PREMATURE INFANTS—A COMPARISON OF VARIOUS MILKS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-382
Author(s):  
B. M. Kagan ◽  
J. H. Hess ◽  
Evelyn Lundeen ◽  
Kathleen Shafer ◽  
Julia B. Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Premature Infant ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Milk Mixture

Premature infants of birth weight between 1,000 and 2,000 gm. were given isocaloric feedings at the rate of 82 calories per kilogram body weight per day between the seventh and twenty-eighth days of life using: 1) human milk characteristically low in ash content; 2) modified human milk with slightly increased protein and ash content and slightly lowered fat content; 3) a cow's milk mixture which simulates human milk in protein, carbohydrate and fat and provides a moderate ash content, and 4) a one-half-skimmed cow's milk mixture providing high protein, low fat and high ash. These milks produced increasing weight gains in the order in which they are named. The increased weight gain over that provided by isocaloric amounts of human milk appears to be directly related to the increase in ash intake rather than to the percentage of protein, carbohydrate or fat. Comparable analysis of data from another study in which 120 calories per kilogram body weight were fed supports this observation. Several recent studies have demonstrated the relative immaturity of renal function in the premature infant under 1 month of age, with a resultant tendency to retain water on high mineral intakes. The increase in weight gain in relation to the increase in intake of ash may be a reflection of the poor renal function of young premature infants and their relative inability to excrete the increased solute load, with resultant obligate water retention. These data suggest a probable difference in character of weight gain during and after the first month of life in premature infants on diets of mineral concentration higher than that of human milk. This difference should be reflected in body composition, determination of which might well be an interesting subject for future investigation. Further study may demonstrate that weight gain has serious limitations as a criterion for normal development of the premature infant during the first month of life.

scholarly journals Bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely premature infant with congenital lobar emphysema: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingchun Lin ◽  
Huitao Li ◽  
Chuanzhong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infant ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress ◽  
Congenital Lobar Emphysema ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Lobar Emphysema

Abstract Background Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) is a congenital pulmonary cystic disease, characterized by overinflation of the pulmonary lobe and compression of the surrounding areas. Most patients with symptoms need an urgent surgical intervention. Caution and alertness for CLE is required in cases of local emphysema on chest X-ray images of extremely premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Case presentation Here, we report a case of premature infant with 27 + 4 weeks of gestational age who suddenly presented with severe respiratory distress at 60 days after birth. Chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) indicated emphysema in the middle lobe of the right lung. The diagnosis of CLE was confirmed by histopathological examinations. Conclusions Although extremely premature infants have high-risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia due to their small gestational age, alertness for CLE is necessary if local emphysema is present. Timely pulmonary CT scan and surgical interventions should be performed to avoid the delay of the diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals Using a behavior analytics approach to change nursing care of extremely premature infants: A pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Jenn Gonya ◽  
Jessica Niski ◽  
Nicole Cistone
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Premature Infant ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Extremely Premature Infant

The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is, inherently, a trauma environment for the extremely premature infant. This trauma is often exacerbated by nurse caregiving practices that can be modified and still remain effective. Our study explored how behavior analytics could be used to implement an intervention known as Care by Cues and how the intervention might, ultimately, impact infant physiologic stability.

scholarly journals Um Caso Raro de Dentes Neonatais

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia A. Martins ◽  
Cláudia Ferraz ◽  
Rute Vaz
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Premature Infant ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Tooth Eruption ◽  
Rare Disorder ◽  
Multifactorial Approach ◽  
Anterior Mandible

<p>Neonatal teeth is a rare disorder of tooth eruption, arising in the oral cavity, usually in the anterior mandible, in the first month of life. Its etiology is unknown. This condition can cause breastfeeding difficulties, besides aspiration or swallowing of the teeth. We describe the case of a premature infant in the second day of life presented with gingival edema, redness and discrete swelling in the region of the mandibular central incisors. Ten days later, two small teeth with hypermobility were detected. Extraction of those teeth was performed. With this clinical case we intend to show the rarity of this entity, especially in premature infants, the possible association with various syndromes and the need for a multifactorial approach to the treatment decision (extraction / conservative treatment).</p>

THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE SODIUM, POTASSIUM, AND CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION OF THE FEEDING TO THE WEIGHT GAIN OF PREMATURE INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 909-916
Author(s):  
Herbert I. Goldman ◽  
Samuel Karelitz ◽  
Hedda Acs ◽  
Eli Seifter
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

One hundred four healthy premature infants, of birth weight 1,000 to 1,800 gm, were fed one of five feedings: (1) human milk; (2) human milk plus 13 meq/l of sodium chloride; (3) human milk plus 13 meq/l of sodium chloride and 18 meq/l of potassium chloride; (4) a half-skimmed cows milk formula; and (5) a partially-skimmed vegetable oil, cows milk formula. The infants fed any of the three human milk formulas gained weight at a slower rate than the infants fed either of the two cows milk formulas. Infants whose diets were changed from unmodified human milk to the half-skimmed cows milk gained large amounts of weight, and at times were visibly edematous. Infants whose diets were changed from the human milks with added sodium chloride, to the half-skimmed cows milk, gained lesser amounts of weight and did not become edematous. The infants fed the two cows milk diets gained similar amounts of weight, although one diet provided 6.5 gm/kg/day, the other 3.1 gm/kg/day of protein.

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