Vulnerable Children: Parents' Perspectives and the Use of Medical Care

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 956-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice C. Levy

In a study of use of five general pediatric services, 750 parents were interviewed on site about their decisions on how and when to seek medical care for their children. Parents' fears that a particular child was "vulnerable"—ie, uniquely threatened by an episode of illness—was a recurrent concern (reported by 27%), explaining many of their medical visits. Medical record review indicated that in 40%, there was no clinical basis for these parent concerns. One important source of these unwarranted concerns was fear of recurrence of an earlier medical problem, long since resolved. In some families, the role of social and environmental issues in generating a high level of concern was evident. Vulnerable children made more visits per year and made many more of their visits to the emergency room, and their parents more often expressed dissatisfaction with care received. Recognition of reasons underlying parents' sense of the child's special status may do much to allay unnecessary fears and promote more appropriate use of health care facilities.

Author(s):  
Aleksandra Rosiek-Kryszewska ◽  
Anna Rosiek

This chapter discusses the leadership features that support the creation of an innovative culture of the organization, with particular emphasis on the attributes that are essential to building a competitive advantage in the medical services market. According to the concept of new management, managers are the initiators of change and development within the healthcare facility where they work. They require professionalism and a high level of competence which allows them to create and implement creative management solutions. Thus, the influence of management and the role of the leader in building competitive health care units is undisputed. Due to the specific nature of health care facilities, the ability to build trust, as well as the clear and precise communication of plans and visions, is gaining importance, in addition to knowledge and experience.


Author(s):  
S.O. Boldizhar

he article is devoted to the study of the role of specialized legal norms in the mechanism of administrative and legal regulation of human rights of the fourth generation. The study of specialized rules of law in the context of fourth-generation human rights is not given much attention. It is determined that specialized legal norms in the mechanism of administrative and legal regulation of human rights of the fourth generation occupy a prominent place, because due to their existence reflect its basic elements (principles, tasks, principles), which are fundamental in determining the vectors of administrative and legal regulation of human rights. generation. Among such norms, norms-principles, norms-tasks, norms-principles, conflict norms, operational norms, norms-definitions, norms-terms and norms-presumptions were singled out. It is emphasized that the norms-principles determine the provisions on state priorities, among which one of the main roles is played by health care. Based on this, the state should take the necessary means to maintain a high level of health and improve medical care using special methods. Norms-tasks are aimed at defining specific tasks for public authorities in the field of human rights of the fourth generation. The guidelines define the content and basic principles of legal regulation for the entire health care system during the organization and provision of medical care using special methods. Norms-principles can be narrower when we specify the relevant human rights of the fourth generation. It is emphasized that the conflict rules in this area determine the choice to be made in case of competition of legal norms, and operational rules of law determine the order of validity of other rules until the entry into force of other rules. Emphasis is placed on the fact that among the system-simplifying norms of law in the studied area there are norms-definitions, norms-terms and norms-presumptions. Norms-definitions define basic concepts that are logical and contain the characteristic features of the concept. Deadlines are aimed at defining and calculating deadlines. In the context of transplantation of anatomical materials, presumptive norms play an important role, which determine the assumptions about the consent or disagreement of a person to remove anatomical materials from him after his death for the purposes of transplantation.


Author(s):  
Olga Kitsenko ◽  
Roman Kitsenko ◽  
Irina Cheremushnikova

Introduction. The authors proceed from the understanding that medical culture is a complex of factors contributing to the preservation of health, and these positions analyze the culture of the German Protestant communities (Lutherans, Hernguthers, Mennonites) inhabiting the Povolzhye (Volga region) in the second half of 18th – early 20th centuries. The study of cultural contexts of health, including religious ethical norms, is key to analyzing health and well-being of a population. Methods and materials. Materials for the study were statutes of Protestant communities, data of zemstvo medical statistics, publications in central and local periodicals, as well as eyewitness accounts of visitors of German colonies. The comparison of ethical standards contained in the statutes and recorded by witnesses with data on morbidity and mortality allow us to estimate the role of religious and ethical views in the medical culture of Volga Protestants. Analysis and results. The authors have found that the conditions for maintaining health in German colonies, including the availability of high-quality medical care, were directly related to the labour ethics of Protestantism and the high level of dwellers welfare. Labour ethics determined importance to keep fit, influenced nutritional culture and the perception of medical care. The total literacy of colonists contributed to the spread of advanced medical practices among them (for example, vaccination). Protestant virtues of diligence and order became the basis for the development of hygienic skills – an important factor in the prevention of infectious diseases. The ideals of marital fidelity and family values promoted health maintenance. Self-government characteristic of Protestant communities made it possible to quickly respond to the challenges posed by threats to health.


2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Kelly

This article uses the concepts of ‘transnational social fields’ and ‘habitus’ to explore the multifaceted role families play in shaping the aspirations of onward migrating youth. The article draws on biographical life history interviews conducted with the children of Iranian migrants who were raised in Sweden but moved to London, UK as adults. The findings of the study suggest that from a young age, all the participants were pressured by their parents to perform well academically, and to achieve high level careers. These goals were easier to achieve in London than in Sweden for several reasons. Interestingly, however, participants’ understandings of what constituted success and their motivations for onward migration were nuanced and varied considerably by gender. The study contributes to an understanding of the role of multi-sited transnational social fields in shaping the aspirations of migrant youths, as well as the strategies taken up by these migrants to achieve their goals.


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parul Gill ◽  
Poonam Malik ◽  
Pankaj Gill

The present study was undertaken to explore the decision making patterns of college girls in relation to clothing and their satisfaction level with these decision making patterns. Thirty under graduate college girls from Panipat city were approached to record their responses regarding decision making in relation to clothing and satisfaction level through a well structured questionnaire. It was found that most of the girls (56.66%) themselves made the decisions about the type of garment (Indian, western or both) they wear and majority of girls (70%) were highly satisfied with this decision making. Parents performed the role of buyers for their college going daughters' garments in most of the cases (63.33%) and the 73.33% girls had high level of satisfaction with this. In most of the cases (60%) the decision about the garment design was made by the girls themselves and they were highly satisfied with it. Keywords: clothing, college, girls, decision making.


2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. bjgp18X696713
Author(s):  
David Seamark ◽  
Deborah Davidson ◽  
Helen Tucker ◽  
Angela Ellis-Paine ◽  
Jon Glasby

BackgroundIn 2000 20% of UK GPs had admitting rights to community hospitals. In subsequent years the number of GPs engaged in community hospital clinical care has decreased.AimWhat models of medical care exist in English community hospitals today and what factors are driving changes?MethodInterviews with community hospital clinical staff conducted as part of a multimethod study of the community value of community hospitals.ResultsSeventeen interviews were conducted and two different models of medical care observed: GP led and Trust employed doctors. Factors driving changes were GP workload and recruitment challenges; increased medical acuity of patients admitted; fewer local patients being admitted; frustration over the move from ‘step-up’ care from the local community to ‘step-down’ care from acute hospitals; increased burden of GP medical support; inadequate remuneration; and GP admission rights removed due to bed closures or GP practices withdrawing from community hospital work.ConclusionMultiple factors have driven changes in the role of GP community hospital clinicians with a consequent loss of GP generalist skills in the community hospital setting. The NHS needs to develop a focused strategy if GPs are to remain engaged with community hospital care.


Author(s):  
D.R. Zhantiev

Аннотация В статье рассматривается роль и место Сирии (включая Ливан и Палестину) в системе османских владений на протяжении нескольких веков от османского завоевания до периода правления султана Абдул-Хамида II. В течение четырех столетий османского владычества территория исторической Сирии (Билад аш-Шам) была одним из важнейших компонентов османской системы и играла роль связующего звена между Анатолией, Египтом, Ираком и Хиджазом. Необходимость ежегодной организации хаджа с символами султанской власти и покровительства над святынями Мекки и Медины определяла особую стратегическую важность сирийских провинций Османской империи. Несмотря на ряд серьезных угроз во время общего кризиса османской государственности (конец XVI начало XIX вв.), имперскому центру удалось сохранить контроль над Сирией путем создания сдержек и противовесов между местными элитами. В XIX в. и особенно в период правления Абдул- Хамида II (18761909 гг.), сохранение Сирии под османским контролем стало вопросом существования Османской империи, которая перед лицом растущего европейского давления и интервенции потеряла большую часть своих владений на Балканах и в Северной Африке. Задача укрепления связей между имперским центром и периферией в сирийских вилайетах в последней четверти XIX в. была в целом успешно решена. К началу XX в. Сирия была одним из наиболее политически спокойных и прочно связанных со Стамбулом регионов Османской империи. Этому в значительной степени способствовали довольно высокий уровень общественной безопасности, развитие внешней торговли, рост образования и постепенная интеграция местных элит (как мусульман, так и христиан) в османские государственные и социальные механизмы. Положение Сирии в системе османских владений показало, что процесс ослабления и территориальной дезинтеграции Османской империи в эпоху реформ не был линейным и наряду с потерей владений и влияния на Балканах, в азиатской части империи в течение XIX и начала XX вв. происходил параллельный процесс имперской консолидации.Abstract The article examines the role and place of Greater Syria (including Lebanon and Palestine) in the system of Ottoman possessions over several centuries from the Ottoman conquest to the period of the reign of Abdul Hamid II. For four centuries of Ottoman domination, the territory of historical Syria (Bilad al-Sham) was one of the most important components in the Ottoman system and played the role of a link between Anatolia, Egypt, Iraq and Hijaz. The need to ensure the Hajj with symbols of Sultan power and patronage over the shrines of Mecca and Medina each year determined the special strategic importance of the Syrian provinces of the Ottoman Empire. Despite a number of serious threats during the general crisis of the Ottoman state system (late 16th early 19th centuries), the imperial center managed to maintain control over Syria by creating checks and balances between local elites. In the 19th century. And especially during the reign of Abdul Hamid II (18761909), keeping Syria under Ottoman control became a matter of existence for the Ottoman Empire, which, in the face of increasing European pressure and intervention, lost most of its possessions in the Balkans and North Africa. The task of strengthening ties between the imperial center and the periphery in Syrian vilayets in the last quarter of the 19th century was generally successfully resolved. By the beginning of the 20th century, Syria was one of the most politically calm and firmly connected with Istanbul regions of the Ottoman Empire. This was greatly facilitated by a fairly high level of public safety, the development of foreign trade, the growth of education and the gradual integration of local elites (both Muslims and Christians) into Ottoman state and social mechanisms. Syrias position in the system of Ottoman possessions clearly showed that the process of weakening and territorial disintegration of the Ottoman Empire during the era of reform was not linear, and along with the loss of possessions and influence in the Balkans, in the Asian part of the empire during the 19th and early 20th centuries there was a parallel process of imperial consolidation.


The productivity of land has been often discussed and deliberated by the academia and policymakers to understand agriculture, however, very few studies have focused on the agriculture worker productivity to analyze this sector. This study concentrates on the productivity of agricultural workers from across the states taking two-time points into consideration. The agriculture worker productivity needs to be dealt with seriously and on a time series basis so that the marginal productivity of worker can be ascertained but also the dependency of worker on agriculture gets revealed. There is still disguised unemployment in all the states and high level of labour migration, yet most of the states showed the dependency has gone down. Although a state like Madhya Pradesh is doing very well in terms of income earned but that is at the cost of increased worker power in agriculture as a result of which, the productivity of worker has gone down. States like Mizoram, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Tripura, though small in size showed remarkable growth in productivity and all these states showed a positive trend in terms of worker shifting away from agriculture. The traditional states which gained the most from Green Revolution of the sixties are performing decently well, but they need to have the next major policy push so that they move to the next orbit of growth.


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