The Indian healthcare system turns to digital health: eSanjeevaniOPD as a national telemedicine service

Healthcare infrastructure in the emerging economies is largely concentrated in their urban areas, and the burgeoning rural population is usually deprived of quality medical care. Telemedicine systems are expected to bridge this gap. This case study documents telemedicine’s significance and allows students to examine India’s national patient-to-doctor telemedicine service, eSanjeevaniOPD. The portal provides free and contactless consultation by a government doctor using video calls. COVID-19 hastened the adoption of eSanjeevaniOPD in the country, but its post-covid future would largely depend on feature innovation, architecture development, and digital strategies. With a total of three million teleconsultations in one year, eSanjeevaniOPD is one of the world’s largest digital healthcare delivery systems. This case provides insight into Indian health infrastructure, summarizes the journey of eSanjeevaniOPD, and raises questions on the digital transformation of the Indian healthcare delivery system.

Multistakeholder perspectives on the strengthening and embedding of mandatory continuing medical education in Georgia: a qualitative study

ObjectiveContinuing medical education (CME) is a vital component of health systems. Setting up a CME system is a complex task, requiring involvement of stakeholders including educators, learners, institutions and policy makers. The aim of the study was to conduct qualitative research involving multiple stakeholders to explore the perceived effectiveness and shortcomings of the CME system in Georgia, its place in the health system and potential means of improving it.DesignThis is a qualitative study. All data were collected using semistructured individual interviews. The questions were derived from the relevant literature. Data analysis was conducted using comparative strategy.ParticipantsWe interviewed individuals from CME providers, medical establishments, the professional development board (PDB), and the Regulatory Agency for Medical and Pharmaceutical Activities. We thus interviewed 23 people (11 people from CME providers, 8 people from medical establishments, 3 PDB members and 1 person from Legal Entity under Public Law Regulatory Agency for Medical and Pharmaceutical Activities).ResultsGeorgia has had experience of mandatory CME in the past, which had been criticised for its poor quality and bureaucratic processes. CME is viewed as an essential developmental process for medical professionals, the outcome of which is to deliver high-quality medical care. Our interviewees identified a clear need for high-quality CME courses. However, significant challenges that need to be overcome include financial barriers, doctors’ attitudes to CME, a lack of CME courses in all medical specialties and relatively weak professional associations.ConclusionCME is widely recognised as an essential pillar in providing quality medical care. Establishing high-quality CME requires a strategic and holistic approach. In order to ensure the sustainable and effective implementation of the CME process, we need to take into account stakeholders’ interests and expectations, the socioeconomic status and development of the country, and past experiences of all relevant individuals and organisations.

The importance of state ensuring the right of citizens to quality medical care in the conditions of COVID-19 vaccination

The article analyzes the state guarantee of the right of citizens to quality medical care in terms of vaccination from COVID-19. It is determined that in today's conditions it is extremely important to ensure the proper functioning of health care, the provision of quality medical services which in turn will guarantee proper medical care. The state must provide the citizens of Ukraine not only with the vaccine, but also with reliable information about the need for vaccination. It turns out that the small number of vaccinated in Ukraine is not only due to the slow pace of procurement and vaccination, but also the lack of awareness of citizens about all the benefits of the need for vaccination. It is concluded that the positive in today's conditions are: the efforts of the legislator still not to influence the subjective choice of every resident of Ukraine on the need for vaccination; regulatory support of the Center for Public Health, which in turn will strengthen the network of regional Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CCP); creation of a Roadmap for the introduction of a vaccine against acute respiratory disease COVID-19 caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.

Current Aspects of Professional Training of Anesthesiologists and Intensive Care Specialists in Residency Programs

The aim is to study the current aspects of resident training in anesthesiology and intensive care. The article focuses on the theoretical training of residents, the importance of a thorough knowledge of pathophysiology, and the formation of clinical thinking. Opportunities for the use of innovative educational computer technologies in residency training are shown. A consistent interdisciplinary pedagogical interaction makes it possible to improve the outcomes of residency training by achieving the main goal of developing a physician who has acquired universal, general and specific professional competences and is capable of providing high-quality medical care.

Pattern of growth and development of premature children at the age of two and three years in Alexandria, Egypt [Part I]

A case-control study was conducted in Alexandria on 68 premature children:32 of them at the age of 2 and 36 at the age of three years. The aim was to depict the pattern of growth and development among them. Controls were full-term children, who were double the number of prematures and matched by age and sex. It was found that the growth pattern of full-term children aged two and three years was better than that of prematures. Moreover, prematures were significantly delayed in some developmental areas as language, fine motor-adaptive sectors and personal-social domains than their corresponding controls. The study suggests that the provision of quality medical care could eliminate the growth and developmental lag of premature children

Role of laboratory studies in diagnostics of rare diseases. «Hair cellular leukemia»

Automation of laboratory production, formalization of processes and a phased quality control system ensure sufficient reliability of laboratory data, which is of great importance for the provision of high-quality medical care. For many people, laboratory research remains the invisible side of medicine. Nevertheless, 60–70 % of all medical decisions are made based on the results of clinical and laboratory studies, from the diagnosis to the choice of therapy and the determination of the prognosis.

Socio-Economic Status of the Actors of the Request for Change

The article analyzes the socio-economic situation of supporters of change and adherents of stability in the statics (according to 2019) and dynamics (during 1997–2019). The analysis confirms the concept that the importance of the absolute socio-economic situation (level of income) has no significant connection with the presence/absence of protest requests. The study of subjective satisfaction with the socio-economic situation was found to be more productive. At the same time, the point of view that the main supporters of change in post-Soviet Russia are Russians who feel they are poorer should be strongly rejected. The analysis showed that supporters of change in Russia are, as a rule, people with average financial status. At the same time, compared to previous years, by the end of the 2010s actors for change are gaining new features: being more satisfied with their backround, they demonstrate dissatisfaction with the aspects of their lives that determine their future (material situation, access to quality medical care and, especially, the ability to express their political views). Social and political factors, in contrast to the first post-Soviet decade, come to the fore. In general, the main social and economic differences in recent years between supporters of change and supporters of stability can be described as follows: those who want to change are more acutely affected by the problems of financial standing and maintaining health, but even more acutely by the decline in political opportunities in society.

Routing principles for patients with hereditary angioedema

Currently, there is a lot of effort that is been done to optimize healthcare management for patients with hereditary angioedema, but there are still difficulties in the regions. Epidemiological data on hereditary angioedema indicate a low level of diagnosis. In several regions, patient pathway have been developed with a detailed description of the different steps on the patient healthcare journey. The patient pathway is a key component of high-quality medical care with optimal timeliness and financial costs. The article is devoted to the organization of hereditary angioedema patients’ pathway.

Seven key parameters that facilitate clinical pharmacy practice: a comparison between Israel and the United States

Clinical pharmacists have advanced training that enables them to manage medication therapy, including prescribing, titrating, and discontinuing medications, in order to achieve therapeutic goals. In some countries, such as the United States, advances in training, responsibility, legal frameworks, and public acceptance of new roles have proceeded in parallel to expand the scope and contribution of clinical pharmacists over several decades. In this manuscript, we detail seven discrete key parameters of professional advancement for clinical pharmacists, corresponding to the seven areas in which they must advance in order to contribute fully to delivering high-quality medical care. For each key parameter, we briefly summarize the progress made in the United States to date, as well as goals for future progress. We then compare this to the development of the analogous key parameter in Israel. We found that on some key parameters, the development of clinical pharmacy in Israel lags behind the United States. This manuscript can provide a roadmap for the future advancement of clinical pharmacy in Israel, toward its full realization as a profession that can contribute to delivering high-quality medical care.

METHODOLOGICAL BASIS OF RESEARCH IN HEALTHCARE. BASES OF PREPARATION OF A MEDICAL DISSERTATION

The health-care system, at the present stage of development, is characterized by a fairly steady tendency to conduct various studies aimed at improving the quality of health care provided to the population. Also, relatively important is the introduction of studies to investigate and identify the health and social factors that influence the health of the population, including the factors that in the opinion of the population determine such indicators, as: Quality, accessibility and effectiveness of health care as a service. The results of domestic and foreign research in this area have shown the positive impact of timely and quality medical care on the health of patients and the significant interaction of the accessible health system with the health of the population as a whole. In order to visualize the state of organization and functioning of the health-care system and the level of health of the population, various studies and sociological surveys produce a sufficiently effective result.