Negative Serology for Hepatitis A and B Viruses in 18 Cases of Neonatal Cholestasis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-271
Author(s):  
William F. Balistreri ◽  
Edward Tabor ◽  
Robert J. Gerety
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Neonatal Cholestasis ◽  
Immune Adherence ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Serologic Evidence

Serologic evidence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was sought in 14 patients with biliary atresia and in four patients with neonatal hepatitis; maternal serum was also analyzed. Specific sensitive radioimmunoassays were used to detect HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (anti-HBs); complement fixation was used to detect antibody to HBV core antigen (anti-HBc). Antibody to HAV (anti-HAV) was assayed by radioimmunoassay, as well as by immune adherence hemagglutination. There was no evidence of active or past HBV infection in any infant or mother studied. All three infants with detectable anti-HAV were born to mothers similarly anti-HAV positive; serial testing of sera from two of these infants documented disappearance of detectable anti-HAV by 9 months of age. It is unlikely, therefore, that either HAV or HBV had an etiologic role in neonatal cholestasis in these patients. The role of other (non-A, non-B) hepatitis viruses or nonviral etiologies must be investigated.

scholarly journals Viral Superinfection in Previously Unrecognized Chronic Carriers of Hepatitis B Virus with Superimposed Acute Fulminant versus Nonfulminant Hepatitis

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Ming Chu ◽  
Chau-Ting Yeh ◽  
Yun-Fan Liaw
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hdv Infection

The role of viral superinfection in hepatitis B surface antigen carriers with superimposed fulminant (n = 60) versus nonfulminant (n = 90) acute hepatitis was studied. The frequency of hepatitis A virus (HAV) (0 versus 2.2%), HCV (18.3 versus 21.1%), HDV (15.0 versus 7.8%), and HEV (1.7 versus 4.4%) infection showed no significant difference, while simultaneous HCV and HDV infection was significantly more prevalent in the former (8.3 versus 0%). Only 3.6% of fulminant cases and 3.3% of nonfulminant controls were HGV RNA positive.

Viral Hepatitis in Pregnancy: Problems for the Clinician Dealing with the Infant

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Cladd E. Stevens ◽  
Saul Krugman ◽  
Wolf Szmuness ◽  
R. Palmer Beasley
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Active Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Advanced Cirrhosis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Antigens ◽  
Chronic Carrier

Stokes and colleagues first described transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection from a mother who was an HBV carrier to an infant born by cesarean section in 1954. Evidence of clinical hepatitis with jaundice, detected at 2 months of age, was later complicated by chronic active hepatitis. The infant died at 18 months of age with advanced cirrhosis of the liver. In the past decade tests have been developed that are specific for hepatitis B antigens and antibodies and they have enabled physicians to identify acute hepatitis B infection during pregnancy, as well as the presence of a chronic carrier state. Thus it has been possible to assess the effect of maternal HBV infection on the newborn infant. The attack rate of HBV infection in infants has been reported to range between 10% and 70%. Infection is usually detectable by 1 to 3 months of age. Although most infections are asymptomatic, fulminant hepatitis is seen on rare occasions. Of major significance is the tendency for the infected infants to become chronic HBV carriers with possible progression to chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis, and rarely hepatoma. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection has not been a problem in the newborn. Hepatitis A is now an uncommon infection among adults in Western countries while in developing areas it is primarily a disease of childhood.

Serologic Markers of Hepatitis Viruses in Hemophiliacs

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Gerety ◽  
E. Tabor ◽  
M.E. Eyster ◽  
J.A. Drunker
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Past Infection ◽  
Patients Âgés ◽  
Immune Adherence ◽  
Hepatitis B Core Antigen

To determine and compare the risks of exposure to hepatitis A and B viruses in patients with hemophilia A receiving intravenous replacement therapy, sera from 138 patients, ages 9 months to 67 years, were studied. Sera from all 138, exposed to either cryoprecipitate (Cryo) or antihemophilic factor (AHF) concentrates for periods ranging from a few months to 15 years were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody by radioimmunoassay, for antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen by complement fixation and radioimmunoassay, and for antibody to hepatitis A virus by immune adherence hemagglutination. Serologic evidence of past or present hepatitis B was detected in 88.4 percent, while 29.7 percent had evidence of past infection by the hepatitis A virus. The former prevalence is consistent with the known high frequency of exposure to hepatitis B in hemophiliacs as a result of replacement therapy. The latter prevalence, similar to prevalences of antibody to hepatitis A virus seen in populations lacking parenteral exposure to blood products or plasma derivatives, was unrelated to the degree of exposure to Cryo or AHF concentrate. These findings confirm that hepatitis A unlike hepatitis B, is infrequently transmitted by Cryo or AHF concentrate.

Role of environmental factors in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma

2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (28) ◽  
pp. 1132-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Tornai
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Virus Hepatitis ◽  
B Virus

A krónikus vírushepatitisek jelentik ma a legismertebb okokat a hepatocellularis carcinoma (HCC) kialakulásában. A krónikus B- és C-vírus-hepatitis a májrákok körülbelül 40-50%-át okozza. A nyugati típusú társadalmakban a HCC előfordulása folyamatosan növekvő tendenciát mutat. Az alkohol számít a környezeti tényezők közül a legfontosabbnak, bár az alkoholfogyasztás a legtöbb országban csökken. Ez aláhúzza az egyéb környezeti tényezők fontosságát is. Az elfogyasztott alkoholmennyiséggel egyenes arányban növekszik a cirrhosis és a következményes HCC gyakorisága nőkben és férfiakban egyaránt. A kémiai anyagok közül a legismertebb a Kínában és Afrikában elterjedt aflatoxin, amely a gabonaféléket szennyező mycotoxin. Hasonló területeken endémiás, mint a hepatitis B-vírus, együtt szinergista hatást fejtenek ki. A dohányzás is egyértelműen bizonyított hepatocarcinogen hatással rendelkezik. Ez is jelentősen fokozódik, ha alkoholfogyasztással vagy vírushepatitisszel társul. Társadalmilag talán a legfontosabb az elhízás, a következményes nem alkoholos zsírmáj, illetve steatohepatitis és a 2-es típusú cukorbetegség, amelyek prevalenciája egyre fokozódik. Feltehetően ezek állnak a növekvő HCC-gyakoriság hátterében. Az inzulinrezisztencia és az oxidatív stressz képezik a legfontosabb patogenetikai lépéseket a májsejtkárosodásban. További fontos rizikótényező az orális fogamzásgátlók elterjedt használata. Egyes foglalkozások esetén a tartós szervesoldószer-expozíció is növeli a HCC rizikóját. Védelmet jelenthetnek az antioxidánsok, a szelén, a gyógyszerek közül a statinok és a feketekávé-fogyasztás.

Salivary and Serum Biochemical Alterations in Patients with Acute Viral Hepatitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Gabriela Badita ◽  
Iulia Ioana Stanescu ◽  
Andra Balcangiu Stroescu ◽  
Dan Piperea Sianu ◽  
Daniela Miricescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
World Population ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Viral Hepatitis A

Viral hepatitis represents a major health problem worldwide. Approximately 1.4 million people are infected with hepatitis A virus every year, although given that most of the cases evolve asymptomatically the real number could be even higher. At the same time, hepatitis B virus affects up to 30% of the world population and represents one of the main causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, it is very important to understand the physiopathology of viral hepatitis A and B not only for the diagnosis, but also for the therapeutic protocol. The present research aimed to determine if HAV and HBV can alter serum and salivary levels of total protein and of 2 important electrolytes: calcium and potassium.

scholarly journals Possible role of tocopherols in the modulation of host microRNA with potential antiviral activity in patients with hepatitis B virus-related persistent infection: a systematic review

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 1751-1768 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fiorino ◽  
L. Bacchi-Reggiani ◽  
S. Sabbatani ◽  
F. Grizzi ◽  
L. di Tommaso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection represents a serious global health problem and persistent HBV infection is associated with an increased risk of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Recently, the study of the role of microRNA (miRNA) in the pathogenesis of HBV has gained considerable interest as well as new treatments against this pathogen have been approved. A few studies have investigated the antiviral activity of vitamin E (VE) in chronic HBV carriers. Herein, we review the possible role of tocopherols in the modulation of host miRNA with potential anti-HBV activity. A systematic research of the scientific literature was performed by searching the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases. The keywords used were ‘HBV therapy’, ‘HBV treatment’, ‘VE antiviral effects’, ‘tocopherol antiviral activity’, ‘miRNA antiviral activity’ and ‘VE microRNA’. Reports describing the role of miRNA in the regulation of HBV life cycle,in vitroandin vivoavailable studies reporting the effects of VE on miRNA expression profiles and epigenetic networks, and clinical trials reporting the use of VE in patients with HBV-related chronic hepatitis were identified and examined. Based on the clinical results obtained in VE-treated chronic HBV carriers, we provide a reliable hypothesis for the possible role of this vitamin in the modulation of host miRNA profiles perturbed by this viral pathogen and in the regulation of some cellular miRNA with a suggested potential anti-HBV activity. This approach may contribute to the improvement of our understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms involved in HBV infection and increase the possibility of its management and treatment.

Viral Hepatitis: 1985 Update

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Saul Krugman
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
B Virus

During the past two decades extraordinary advances in hepatitis research have clarified the etiology and natural history of the disease. At least four types of hepatitis have been identified: A, B, D (delta), and non-A, non-B. Hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis D virus (HDV) have been characterized. Serologic tests have been developed to detect the antigens and antibodies associated with these three hepatitis infections. As of the present time, the non-A, non-B viral agents have not been identified. Therefore, non-A, non-B hepatitis is diagnosed by excluding other viral causes of hepatitis, such as hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and others. A recent report indicating that non-A, non-B hepatitis may be caused by a retrovirus, if confirmed, may provide a specific marker of this infection. The course of viral hepatitis is variable; it may be an asymptomatic, anteric infection, or it may be an acute illness characterized by fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain, and jaundice. Most patients recover completely, but occasionally the infection may be complicated by chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and, occasionally, by a fulminant fatal outcome. This review will be devoted predominantly to a discussion of the diagnostic and prophylactic aspects of hepatitis A and hepatitis B viral infections.

scholarly journals Prolonged and biphasic acute hepatitis A in hepatitis B virus carrier

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Garlatti Costa ◽  
Michela Ghersetti ◽  
Silvia Grazioli ◽  
Pietro Casarin
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Inactive Carrier ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Carrier ◽  
Life Threatening

Acute hepatitis A is generally a self-limited disease in healthy subjects within few weeks, but an uncommon type of prolonged and biphasic acute course of hepatitis A infection has been also described. This type of presentation is observed in about 6-10% of patients, but a small number of reports, concerning this topic, are available in literature. In addition hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection in hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers has rarely been discussed. A 41-year-old Italian man, already known to our Department for HBV infection as an inactive carrier HBsAg(+)ve, experienced a prolonged and biphasic course of acute hepatitis A, lasting about 7 months. In this patient possible factors, causing the second flare of transaminases, were excluded (in particular autoimmunity). Liver biopsy as well HAV RNA search in blood/stools were not performed. In conclusion, the hepatologist should take into account this type of atypical course in patients with HAV-related hepatitis and should promote HAV vaccination in subjects with HBV-chronic hepatitis, to prevent possible life-threatening acute exacerbation of hepatic damage, mainly in HBV-carriers with more severe forms of liver diseases.

scholarly journals Duck Hepatitis A Virus Type 1 Induces eIF2α Phosphorylation-Dependent Cellular Translation Shutoff via PERK/GCN2

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanzhi Liu ◽  
Anchun Cheng ◽  
Mingshu Wang ◽  
Sai Mao ◽  
Xumin Ou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Type ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Translation Efficiency ◽  
Eif2α Phosphorylation ◽  
Duck Hepatitis ◽  
Cellular Translation ◽  
First Time

Duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) is one of the most deadly pathogens that endanger the duck industry. Most viruses usually turn off host translation after infection to facilitate viral replication and translation. For the first time report to our knowledge, DHAV-1 can induce eIF2α phosphorylation and inhibit cellular translation in duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs). Moreover, the activity of DHAV-1 in the cells caused obvious eIF2α phosphorylation, which has nothing to do with the viral protein. Subsequently, we screened two kinases (PERK and GCN2) that affect eIF2α phosphorylation through inhibitors and shRNA. Notably, the role of GCN2 in other picornaviruses has not been reported. In addition, when the phosphorylation of eIF2α induced by DHAV-1 is inhibited, the translation efficiency of DEFs restores to a normal level, indicating that DHAV-1 induced cellular translation shutoff is dependent on eIF2α phosphorylation.

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