Salivary and Serum Biochemical Alterations in Patients with Acute Viral Hepatitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Gabriela Badita ◽  
Iulia Ioana Stanescu ◽  
Andra Balcangiu Stroescu ◽  
Dan Piperea Sianu ◽  
Daniela Miricescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
World Population ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Viral Hepatitis A

Viral hepatitis represents a major health problem worldwide. Approximately 1.4 million people are infected with hepatitis A virus every year, although given that most of the cases evolve asymptomatically the real number could be even higher. At the same time, hepatitis B virus affects up to 30% of the world population and represents one of the main causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, it is very important to understand the physiopathology of viral hepatitis A and B not only for the diagnosis, but also for the therapeutic protocol. The present research aimed to determine if HAV and HBV can alter serum and salivary levels of total protein and of 2 important electrolytes: calcium and potassium.

Viral Hepatitis: 1985 Update

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Saul Krugman
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
B Virus

During the past two decades extraordinary advances in hepatitis research have clarified the etiology and natural history of the disease. At least four types of hepatitis have been identified: A, B, D (delta), and non-A, non-B. Hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis D virus (HDV) have been characterized. Serologic tests have been developed to detect the antigens and antibodies associated with these three hepatitis infections. As of the present time, the non-A, non-B viral agents have not been identified. Therefore, non-A, non-B hepatitis is diagnosed by excluding other viral causes of hepatitis, such as hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and others. A recent report indicating that non-A, non-B hepatitis may be caused by a retrovirus, if confirmed, may provide a specific marker of this infection. The course of viral hepatitis is variable; it may be an asymptomatic, anteric infection, or it may be an acute illness characterized by fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain, and jaundice. Most patients recover completely, but occasionally the infection may be complicated by chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and, occasionally, by a fulminant fatal outcome. This review will be devoted predominantly to a discussion of the diagnostic and prophylactic aspects of hepatitis A and hepatitis B viral infections.

Viral Hepatitis A: Virus, Disease, and Control

1984 ◽  
pp. 365-376
Author(s):  
F. DEINHARDT ◽  
J. ABB ◽  
V. GAUSS-MüLLER ◽  
K. VON DER HELM ◽  
M. ROGGENDORF ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Viral Hepatitis A ◽  
And Control

History and Global Burden of Viral Hepatitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert E. Blum
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Viral Hepatitis A

Between 1963 and 1989, 5 hepatotropic viruses have been discovered that are the major causes of viral hepatitides worldwide: hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis delta virus and hepatitis E virus. Their epidemiology and pathogenesis have been studied in great detail. Furthermore, the structure and genetic organization of their DNA or RNA genome including the viral life cycle have been elucidated and have been successfully translated into important clinical applications, such as the specific diagnosis, therapy and prevention of the associated liver diseases, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The prevalence of acute and chronic viral hepatitis A-E shows distinct geographic differences. The global burden of disease (prevalence, incidence, death, disability-adjusted life years) has been analyzed in seminal studies that show that the worldwide prevalence of hepatitis A-E has significantly decreased between 1990 and 2013. During the same time, the incidence of HBV-related liver cirrhosis and HCC, respectively, also decreased or increased slightly, the incidence of the HCV-related liver cirrhosis remained stable and the incidence of HCV-related HCC showed a major increase. During the coming years, we expect to improve our ability to prevent and effectively treat viral hepatitis A-E, resulting in the control of these global infections and the elimination of their associated morbidities and mortalities.

scholarly journals THE VIEW OF THE CLINICIAN ON FEATURES OF THE CLINICAL COURSE AND ISSUES OF VACCINAL PREVENTION OF VIRAL HEPATITIS A

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
O. A Burgasova ◽  
V. M Volkova ◽  
V. B Tetova ◽  
N. M Belyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Modern View ◽  
Viral Hepatitis A ◽  
Age Category

The article is devoted to peculiarities of the clinical course of hepatitis A. There is presented the modern view of the immunopathogenesis of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. The attention is focused on possibilities of the development of severe, fulminant course especially in patients of the old age category. The authors give the analysis of the main causes of severe fulminant forms of the disease. There are pointed out clinical and laboratory criteria for the assessment of the severity of the course of HAV infection. This article includes information on current aspects of vaccination against HAV, with the indication of the population, especially needed of vaccination

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Co-infection of Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E Viruses in children - A hospital-based study in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Bodhrun Naher ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Virus Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
B Virus

Viral hepatitis is a serious health problem globally and in endemic countries like Bangladesh. Viral hepatitis may present as mono-infection or co-infection caused by Hepatitis A Virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus, and Hepatitis E Virus (HEV)

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of viral hepatitis A, B, C, D and E viruses in the Hormozgan province southern Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amin Behzadi ◽  
Victor Hugo Leyva-Grado ◽  
Mandana Namayandeh ◽  
Atoosa Ziyaeyan ◽  
Roya Feyznezhad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
Hbs Ag ◽  
Viral Hepatitis A

Abstract Background Viral hepatitis is a global public health problem affecting millions of people worldwide, causing thousands of deaths due to acute and persistent infection, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Providing updated serologic data can improve both surveillance and disease control programs. This study is aimed to determine the seroprevalence of markers for viral hepatitis (A, B, C, D and E) and the epidemiology of such infections in the general population of southern Iran’s Hormozgan province. Methods Between 2016 and 2017, a total of 562 individuals with ages ranging from 1 to 86 years, who visited governmental public laboratories for routine check-ups, were tested for the presence of serological markers to hepatitis virus types A to E using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results The overall anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) antibody seroprevalence was 93.2% (524/562). The prevalence of anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibodies was 15.8% (89/562) among which 1.6% (9/562) of the seropositive individuals also had evidence of recent exposure to the virus (IgM positivity). Two and a half percent (14/562) were positive for hepatitis B surface (HBs) antigen, whereas 11.6% (65/562) tested positive for anti-hepatitis B core (HBc) antibodies. Among anti-HBc positive patients, 11% (7/65) had HBs Ag and 5% (3/65) were positive for anti-hepatitis D virus (HDV) antibodies. The prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies was 0.7% (4/562). The seroprevalence of anti-HAV, HEV IgG, anti-HBc antibodies, and HBs Ag increased with age. Conclusion The present study confirms a high seroprevalence of HAV infection among the examined population and reveals high levels of endemicity for HEV in the region. Planned vaccination policies against HAV should be considered in all parts of Iran. In addition, improvements on public sanitation and hygiene management of drinking water sources for the studied area are recommended.

scholarly journals Possibilities of modern methods of laboratory diagnostics in the study of viral hepatitis A.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena V. Volchkova ◽  
Olga F. Belaia ◽  
Karina T. Umbetova ◽  
Natalia Yu. Pshenichnaya ◽  
Valerii A. Malov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Viral Hepatitis A ◽  
Retrospective Examination

It is generally accepted that the course of viral hepatitis A is accompanied by short-term viremia, and the disease itself does not have serious consequences for the person who has recovered. The article describes a clinical case of a protracted course of viral hepatitis A with long-term persistence of the virus. Against the background of the therapy, the patient's condition improved, and by the time of discharge from the hospital on the 38th day of illness and later, with a retrospective examination on the 68th day from the onset of the disease by the method of reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR in real time), the presence of RNA of the hepatitis A virus was confirmed in feces, which indicated a long persistence of the virus in the body. This observation indicates the need for long-term dispensary observation of patients who have undergone viral hepatitis A.

scholarly journals Hepatitis E virus: A leading cause of waterborne viral hepatitis in Northwest Districts of Punjab, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 121-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maninder Kaur ◽  
Shailpreet K. Sidhu ◽  
Kanwardeep Singh ◽  
Pushpa Devi ◽  
Manpreet Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Susceptible Group

Abstract BACKGROUND: Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) caused by enterically transmitted hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) poses a major health problem in developing countries such as India. Despite improving sanitation, heath awareness, and socioeconomic conditions, these infections continue to occur both in sporadic as well as in epidemic forms in different parts of India AIMS The aim of this study is to determine the total as well as age-specific prevalence rates of HAV and HEV in the outbreaks of waterborne hepatitis in districts surrounding Amritsar region of Punjab. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in the Virology Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Government Medical College, Amritsar, during the study period of January 2015–March 2016. Samples from suspected outbreaks of AVH occurring in various districts around Amritsar were included as a part of the study. A total of 95 sera were tested for IgM antibody to HEV and HAV using IgM capture ELISA kit. RESULTS: Out of the total 95 samples received, 73 samples (76.84%) were positive for HAV/HEV. Out of the total positive cases, 65 (68.42%) had HEV infection, 2 (2.1%) had HAV, and 6 cases (6.31%) were coinfected with both HAV and HEV. The 21–30 years age group (25 cases) was identified as the most susceptible group for HEV infection. The coinfected subjects presented a wider range of age distribution (1–10 years: 1; 11–20 years: 3; 21–30 years: 1; 31–40 years: 1). Seasonal distribution of data revealed bimodal peaks for HEV infection. CONCLUSION: There should be some surveillance system to regularly monitor the portability of drinking water from time to time to avoid such preventable outbreaks in future.

Serodiagnosis of viral hepatitis A: detection of acute-phase immunoglobulin M anti-hepatitis A virus by radioimmunoassay

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-530
Author(s):  
D W Bradley ◽  
J E Maynard ◽  
S H Hindman ◽  
C L Hornbeck ◽  
H A Fields ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Viral Hepatitis A ◽  
Acute Phase Serum

A modified micro solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) for antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) was developed. This double antibody procedure was performed by coating the surface of a polyvinyl microtiter plate "well" with 200 microliter of a 1:1,000 dilution of a patient's test serum. Purified HAV and 125I-labeled immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-HAV were then sequentially added to form an antibody sandwich. The specificity and sensitivity of the RIA procedure for anti-HAV were verified by examination of coded human and chimpanzee serum specimens. Radioimmunoassay of early-acute-phase serum specimens from human cases of hepatitis A revealed the presence of anti-HAV activity. Differential examination by RIA of IgG and IgM fractions of acute-phase sera from experimentally infected chimpanzees demonstrated that IgM contained the bulk of the anti-HAV activity. A modification of the RIA procedure for anti-HAV (RIA-IgM blocking), incorporating an incubation step with anti-IgM (Mu chain specific), was further shown to differentiate acute- from convalescent-phase hepatitis A sera. This adapted RIA-IgM blocking procedure required less than 1 microliter of a single acute-phase serum specimen for the diagnosis of viral hepatitis A.

CHRONIC HCV-INFECTION AS A PREDICTOR OF DISEASE SEVERITY (case study)

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Nataliia Volodymyrivna Shepylieva ◽  
Alla Oleksandrivna Shvaichenko
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Viral Hepatitis C ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hcv ◽  
Viral Hepatitis A

A global problem for humanity is the wide spread of HCV carriers worldwide. To address this, the WHO has developed a global strategy for the health sector to eliminate viral hepatitis and has set the following goals: to reduce the number of new cases of chronic hepatitis B and C by 90 % by 2030 as well as to reduce the quantity of death from these infections by 65 %. It is emphasized that the development of infectious or somatic disease on the background of chronic viral hepatitis requires a more careful approach and thorough medical correction, as their course and prognosis can be significantly aggravated. The case of viral hepatitis A, which occurred on a background of previously undiagnosed HCV infection and resulted in a death, has been described. Thus, previously undiagnosed HCV infection exacerbated the course of a self−eliminating disease, such as hepatitis A, and resulted in a death. Therefore, expanding the screening for viral hepatitis will allow identifying infected individuals and conducting antiviral therapy and preventive measures, which will reduce the incidence and mortality rates. Key words: viral hepatitis A, viral hepatitis C, chronic HCV−infection, diagnosis, treatment, outcome.

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