Bacterial Endocarditis Caused by Vitamin B6-Dependent Viridans Group Streptococcus

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-312
Author(s):  
Henry M. Feder ◽  
Neil Olsen ◽  
James C. Mclaughlin ◽  
Raymond C. Bartlett ◽  
Leon Chameides
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Endocarditis ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Thiol Compounds ◽  
Serum Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Viridans Group Streptococcus ◽  
Possible Cause

Two cases of bacterial endocarditis in children, caused by viridans group Streptococcus which requires vitamin B6 or thiol compounds for growth are reported. It is important to recognize these organisms as a possible cause of endocarditis because supplemented media are needed for their isolation and sensitivity testing. These organisms may be penicillin-sensitive, -resistant, or -tolerant. An organism is considered tolerant to an antibiotic when the minimum bactericidal concentration of that antibiotic is ≥32 times the minimum inhibitory concentration. One of our patients relapsed when treated with a single antibiotic to which the B6-dependent viridans group Streptococcus was tolerant. If a B6-dependent viridans group Streptococcus is isolated from a patient with endocarditis, therapy should be initiated with penicillin and an aminoglycoside until sensitivities are available. Sensitity testing should include both the MIC and MBC and adequate therapy can be confirmed by determining the serum bactericidal activity.

Green and Simple Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Aqueous Extract of Perovskia abrotanoides: Characterization, Optimization and Antimicrobial Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1129-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Mirsadeghi ◽  
Masoumeh F. Koudehi ◽  
Hamid R. Rajabi ◽  
Seied M. Pourmortazavi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Silver Particles ◽  
Silver Nps ◽  
Perovskia Abrotanoides

Background: Herein, we report the biosynthesis procedure to prepare silver nanoparticles as reduction and capping agents with the aqueous plant extract of Perovskia abrotanoides. Methods: The therapeutic application of silver nanoparticles entirely depends on the size and shape of the nanoparticles therefore, their control during the synthesis procedure is so important. The effects of synthesis factors, for example, silver ion concentration, the mass of plant extract, reaction time and extraction temperature, on the size of silver particles were considered and optimized. Several analytical methods were used for the characterization of silver NPs including FT-IR and UV–Vis spectrophotometer, XRD and SEM. Results: The results showed that the mean size of the silver particles was about 51 nm. Moreover, the antibacterial properties of biosynthesized silver NPs were investigated by the minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and Well-diffusion tests. The minimum inhibitory concentration/ minimum bactericidal concentration values of silver NPs and aqueous plant extract versus Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) were 3.03/0.00, 1.20/0.01, 3.06/0.00, 0.98/1.04, 1.00/0.05 and 1.30/0.03 (mg/mL), respectively. Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity study displayed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles by plant extract have better antimicrobial properties compared to aqueous plant extract of Perovskia abrotanoides.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF PROPOLIS EXTRACT AND PROPOLIS CANDIES ON THE GROWTH OF AGGREGATIBACTER ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS ATCC 43718

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Khodijah Khodijah ◽  
Ratna Farida ◽  
Nurtami Soedarsono
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Colony Forming Units

Objective: This experiment aimed to analyze the effect of propolis extract and propolis containing candies on the growth of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans using spectrophotometric analysis and colony-forming units (CFU) counts.Methods: After A. actinomycetemcomitans were exposed to propolis extract and candies, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined with spectrophotometry and post-exposure colony counting.Results: The MIC of propolis extract against A. actinomycetemcomitans was determined to be 10%, and the MBC was 20%. A decrease in the total CFU count of A. actinomycetemcomitans was observed after propolis extract and candy exposure.Conclusions: Propolis extract and propolis candies were effective in inhibiting the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 43718 in vitro.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and antimicrobial assessment of Iranian Propolis gathered in Qazvin province

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Samieerad ◽  
Nematollah Gheibi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Standard Strain ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Background: Propolis is one of the useful bee colony products that have been used in traditional medicine for centuries. In this study, the physicochemical characters and their antibacterial effect of Iranian Propolis collected from Qazvin province was assessed.Methods: In this study, Thin Layer Chromatography and Vacuum Liquid Chromatography to detect different compounds of the extract have been used. In the initial evaluation of Propolis extract, it was found that the extract includes variable compounds with different polarity; so, the initial classification of extract with different polarity solvents was essential. Finally, 0.1 gr hydro alcoholic Propolis was injected to the HPLC by ultrasound. The antibacterial effect of Iranian ethanol extract Propolis was measured using a microdilution method against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus: S.aureus standard strains and the minimum bactericidal and inhibitory concentration were defined.Results: Primary analysis of the ethanol extract by analytical Thin Layer Chromatography, demonstrated the presence of flavonoid and phenol in it. Minimum inhibitory concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration for Staphylococcus aureus: S.aureus standard strain was 2.5mg/ml. The same procedure was done for Pseudomonas aeruginosa: P. aeruginosa standard strain and the Minimum inhibitory concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration were 50mg/ml of Propolis extracts.  Conclusion: According to the results, the alcoholic extract of propolis from Qazvin province of Iran provides significant antimicrobial activity. Its powerful activity may be due to high total phenolic and flavonoid contents.Keywords: Iranian propolis, Antibacterial activity, Phenolic compounds, Flavonoid compound

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Hemolytic Activity of Crotalus triseriatus and Crotalus ravus Venom

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Adrian Zaragoza-Bastida ◽  
Saudy Consepcion Flores-Aguilar ◽  
Liliana Mireya Aguilar-Castro ◽  
Ana Lizet Morales-Ubaldo ◽  
Benjamín Valladares-Carranza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
First Time

Rattlesnakes have venoms with a complex toxin mixture comprised of polypeptides and proteins. Previous studies have shown that some of these polypeptides are of high value for the development of new medical treatments. The aim of the present study is to evaluate, in vitro, the antibacterial and hemolytic activity of Crotalus triseriatus and Crotalus ravus venoms. A direct field search was conducted to obtain Crotalus triseriatus and Crotalus ravus venom samples. These were evaluated to determine their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa through the techniques of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Hemolytic activity was also determined. Antibacterial activity was determined for treatments (Crotalus triseriatus 2) CT2 and (Crotalus ravus 3) CR3, obtaining a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of 50 µg/mL and a Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of 100 µg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CT1 (Crotalus triseriatus 1), CT2, and CR3 presented hemolytic activity; on the other hand, Crotalus ravus 4 (CR4) did not show hemolytic activity. The results of the present study indicate for the first time that Crotalus triseriatus and Crotalus ravus venoms contain some bioactive compounds with bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa which could be used as alternative treatment in diseases caused by this pathogenic bacterium.

Comparative evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of plants traditionally used as antidiarrheal against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Srivastava ◽  
D. B. Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

The study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial efficacy against enteropathogenic E. coli of plants commonly used to treat calf-diarrhoea. Methanolic extracts of six plants (Aegle marmelos, Curcuma longa, Dalbergia sissoo, Mangifera indica, Psidium guajava and Punica granatum) were screened for their antibacterial property against enteropathogenic E. coli by standard disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and of the extract exhibiting highest antibacterial activity was estimated by broth dilution method and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was measured by streaking the contents of MIC tubes on nutrient agar plates. Among the six extracts tested, only extracts of Curcuma longa, Psidium guajava and Punica granatum exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli. Out of these three, Punica granatum extract was found to be most effective with a mean inhibition zone of 14.67±0.577 mm followed by Psidium guajava (9.67±0.577 mm) and Curcuma longa (8.67±0.577 mm), produced by the disc containing 8.00 mg of respective extract. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of the Punica granatum extract were estimated to be 02.00 mg/mL and 03.00 mg/mL respectively. These findings suggest that methanolic extracts of Curcuma longa, Psidium guajava and Punica granatum possess antibacterial activity against enteropathogenic E.coli

Serum Inhibitory and Bactericidal Activity of Ciprofloxacin following Intravenous Administration

DICP ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 456-460
Author(s):  
Michael N. Dudley ◽  
Hilary D. Mandler ◽  
Kenneth H. Mayer ◽  
Stephen H. Zinner
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dose Levels

Serum inhibitory and bactericidal titers were measured in nine healthy volunteers following single iv doses of ciprofloxacin 100, 150, and 200 mg. The median peak serum bactericidal titer (5 minutes following completion of a 30-minute infusion) against two highly susceptible strains of Escherichia coli ranged between 1:64 and 1:1024 and titers exceeded 1:8 for six hours for all dose levels. The bactericidal titers against two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus were considerably lower, the median peak being 1:2 at all dose levels. Measured inhibitory and bactericidal titers at five minutes and one hour postinfusion were significantly greater than those predicted (measured serum ciprofloxacin concentration to minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] or minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC]) for only one strain of E. coli. Intravenous doses of ciprofloxacin 100–200 mg produce high and sustained serum bactericidal titers against highly susceptible bacteria; considerably lower levels of activity are seen against bacteria having higher MICs and MBCs but still considered susceptible to the drug.

scholarly journals Uji Bioaktivitas Ekstrak Padina australis Dari Pesisir Pantai Molas Sulawesi Utara Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Nur Alfan Muhammad Zen ◽  
Edwin De Queljoe ◽  
Marina Singkoh
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bioaktivitas ekstrak P. australis terhadap bakteri S. epidermidis. Metode yang digunakan dalam uji bioaktivitas adalah uji Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) dan uji Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Pengujian bioaktivitas dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan yaitu seri konsentrasi ekstrak 30%, 60%, 90%, kontrol negatif (CMC 1%) dan kontrol positif (cotrimoksazole). Penentuan nilai MIC dengan analisis kekeruhan menggunakan spektrofotometer (ƛ630 nm) sedangkan nilai MBC dengan metode pour plate. Data hasil uji MBC dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA one way kemudian dilanjutkan dengan Uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai MIC (Kadar Hambat Minimal) adalah konsentrasi 90%. Hasil analisa statistika ANOVA one way data uji MBC menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara pemberian ekstrak dengan total koloni yang tumbuh pada media NA. Uji Tukey menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak P. australis yang menunjukkan bioaktivitas terbaik terhadap S. epidermidis adalah konsentrasi 90% dengan selisih 631 koloni dengan konsentrasi 60% dan 658 koloni dengan konsentrasi 30%.  Total koloni yang tumbuh pada media NA dengan perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak 90% adalah 31 koloni. Ekstrak etanol Padina australis memiliki bioaktivitas dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S. epidermidis. Nilai MIC ekstrak P. australis terhadap bakteri S. epidermidis adalah konsentrasi 90%. Nilai MBC tidak diketahui dikarenakan pada pengujian lanjut (MBC) konsentrasi yang menunjukkan nilai MIC merupakan konsentrasi tertinggi yaitu 90% masih ditemukan koloni bakteri yang tumbuh pada media NA

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document