Breast-feeding and Diarrheal Morbidity

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 874-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry M. Popkin ◽  
Linda Adair ◽  
John S. Akin ◽  
Robert Black ◽  
John Briscoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Milk Diet ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Environmental Causes ◽  
Diarrheal Morbidity

This study used a unique longitudinal survey of more than 3000 mother-infant pairs observed from pregnancy through infancy. The sample is representative of infants from the Cebu region of the Philippines. The sequencing of breast-feeding and diarrheal morbidity events was carefully examined in a longitudinal analysis which allowed for the examination of age-specific effects of feeding patterns. Because the work controlled for a wide range of environmental causes of diarrhea, the results can be generalized to other populations with some confidence. The addition to the breast-milk diet of even water, teas, and other nonnutritive liquids doubled or tripled the likelihood of diarrhea. Supplementation of breast-feeding with additional nutritive foods on liquids further increased significantly the risk of diarrhea; most benefits of breast-feeding alone on in combination with nutritive foods/liquids became small during the second half of infancy. Benefits of breast-feeding were slightly greater in urban environments.

scholarly journals Selenium and breast-feeding

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose G. Dorea
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Organic Form ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Natural Foods ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Se Status

The objective of the present review is to discuss Se nutrition during breast-feeding, encompassing environmental and maternal constitutional factors affecting breast-milk-Se metabolism and secretion. A literature search of Medline and Webofscience was used to retrieve and select papers dealing with Se and breast milk. Although Se in natural foods occurs only in organic form, breast milk responds to organic and inorganic Se in supplements. Inorganic Se (selenite, selenate), which is largely used in maternal supplements, is not detectable in breast milk. The mammary-gland regulating mechanism controls the synthesis and secretion of seleno-compounds throughout lactation, with a high total Se level in colostrum that decreases as lactation progresses. Se appears in breast milk as a component of specific seleno-proteins and seleno-amino-acids in milk proteins that are well tolerated by breast-fed infants even in high amounts. Se in breast milk occurs as glutathione peroxidase (4–32% total Se) > selenocystamine > selenocystine > selenomethionine. The wide range of breast-milk Se concentrations depends on Se consumed in natural foods, which reflects the Se content of the soils where they are grown. Se prophylaxis, either through soil Se fertilization or maternal supplements, is effective in raising breast-milk Se concentration. In spite of wide variation, the median Se concentration from studies worldwide are 26, 18, 15, and 17 μg/l in colostrum (0–5 d), transitional milk (6–21 d), mature milk (1–3 months) and late lactation (>5 months) respectively. Se recommendations for infants are presently not achieved in 30% of the reported breast-milk Se concentrations; nevertheless Se status is greater in breast-fed than in formula-fed infants.

THE STUDY ON SITUATON OF EXCLUSIVE BREAST FEEDING FOR THE FIRST 6 MONTHS IN HOI AN

2016 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Thi Ngoc Anh Nguyen ◽  
Hoang Lan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Key Words Breast ◽  
Breastfeeding Rate ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Breast milk is the most valuable source of food for infants, no food is comparable. However in many countries around the world including Vietnam, the breastfeeding prevalence has been declining. A report of the Ministry of Health showed that only 19.6% of infants in Vietnam were exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months. The study was conducted in Hoi An with the aim at describing the situation of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of the mothers in Hoi An city, Quang Nam province and; identifying some factors affecting exclusive breast feeding for the first 6 months in the study area. Methods: A crosssectional descriptive study was conducted in Hoi An city in December 2014. 516 mothers of infants aged from 6 to 12 months were directly interviewed on the basis of a structured questionnaire. Information about general characteristics of mothers and their infants, their knowledge and attitude of breastfeeding and the feeding types of their baby for the first 6 months was collected. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months. Results: The exclusive breastfeeding prevalence for the first 6 months is 22.3%. Knowledge in breastfeeding and attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months are factors that significantly related to exclusive breastfeeding prevalence for the first 6 months (OR = 3.3; p=0.001 and OR=10.4; p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The exclusive breastfeeding rate for the first 6 months in Hoi An city is low. The promoting antenatal education in exclusive breastfeeding is necessary solution to improve exclusive breastfeeding rate for the first 6 months. Key words: breast milk, exclusive breastfeeding, Hoi An

A Philippine ‘coolie trade’: Trade and exploitation of Chinese labour in Spanish colonial Philippines, 1850–98

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-483
Author(s):  
Mònica Ginés-Blasi
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Coolie Trade

Chinese immigration to the Philippines has traditionally been studied in relation to commercial activities. But between 1850 and 1898, there was an unparalleled influx of Chinese labourers, which raised the number of Chinese residents to 100,000. This influx was fuelled by the abundant profits obtained by Chinese brokers and foremen, Spanish institutions and authorities in Manila, consuls in China, and Spanish and British ship captains, all of whom extracted excessive fees and taxes from the labourers. The trade in and the exploitation of Chinese labourers in the Philippines have yet to be thoroughly researched. This article shows that the import and abuse of Chinese labourers in and to the Philippines continued throughout the second half of the nineteenth century, and that, despite some anti-Chinese Spanish colonial rhetoric, a wide range of actors and institutions, both in China and in the Philippines, took advantage of this unprecedented inflow of immigrants.

The Philippines in 2006: Democracy and Its Discontents

Asian Survey ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila S. Coronel
Keyword(s):  
High Growth ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Political Uncertainty ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Wide Range

A wide range of groups attempted to force President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo out of power in 2006 but failed. The attempt prompted the declaration of a state of emergency and plunged the country deeper into crisis. The year was marked by internecine rivalries among the country's elites, restiveness in the armed forces, and a renewed campaign against communists. But the economy seemed insulated from political uncertainty, posting high growth because of rising export receipts, more foreign investments, and record remittances from overseas workers.

scholarly journals Infant and young child feeding indicators across nine East and Southeast Asian countries: an analysis of National Survey Data 2000–2005

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1296-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Dibley ◽  
Upul Senarath ◽  
Kingsley E Agho
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Timely Initiation ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Infant And Young Child ◽  
Timor Leste

AbstractObjectiveTo compare infant and young child feeding practices in children aged 0–23 months across nine East and Southeast Asian countries.DesignSecondary analyses of cross-sectional data from available Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS; Indonesia, Philippines, Timor-Leste, Cambodia and Vietnam), Multiple Indicator Country Surveys (Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) and Myanmar) and national nutrition surveys (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPR Korea) and Mongolia) conducted between 2000 and 2005.SettingSeven countries from Southeast Asia and two from East Asia.SubjectsChildren aged 0–23 months with samples ranging from 826 to 5610 for DHS, and from 477 to 5860 for non-DHS data.ResultsMore than 93 % of infants were ever breast-fed, and over 75 % were currently breast-fed except in the Philippines. Timely initiation of breast-feeding varied from 32 % in Indonesia to 46 % in Timor-Leste. Exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) rate in infants under 6 months of age ranged from 11 % in Myanmar to 60 % in Cambodia. EBF rates were also low in Vietnam (15·5 %) and Lao PDR (23 %), and varied between 30 % and 40 % in Indonesia, Philippines and Timor-Leste. The proportion of infants under 6 months of age who were given breast milk with non-milk liquids was high except in Indonesia and Timor-Leste. Bottle-feeding rates were lower in DPR Korea (3 %), Lao PDR (6 %) and Myanmar (6 %) and higher in the Philippines (49 %) and Mongolia (31 %). Timely complementary-feeding rate varied widely across countries (6–99 %).ConclusionsAll the countries studied should make greater efforts to improve timely initiation of breast-feeding and EBF for 6 months. Measures should be taken to reduce high bottle-feeding rate in the Philippines, Mongolia, Indonesia and Vietnam, and improve complementary-feeding rate in Lao PDR, Myanmar, DPR Korea and Philippines.

Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-617
Author(s):  
Marsha Walker
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Practice Parameter ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Term Newborn ◽  
Breast Fed

I read with interest the report by the Provisional Committee for Quality Improvement and Subcommittee on Hyperbilirubinemia (Pediatrics 1994;94:558-565) entitled, "Practice Parameter: Management of Hyperbilirubinemia in the Healthy Term Newborn." I wish to make a couple of comments on jaundice and the breast-fed newborn. It was gratifying to see recommendations discouraging the interruption of breast-feeding and eliminating the use of supplemental water or dextrose and water in this situation. Many jaundiced breast-fed newborns simply need more breast milk, ie, more feedings and a check to see that the newborn is swallowing milk at breast.

Otitis Media in Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-168
Author(s):  
Ralph L. Rothstein
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Recumbent Position ◽  
Breast Fed

Dr. Bland found an increase in otitis media in bottle-fed versus breast-fed infants. He speculates that this may be due to transfer of IgA in breast milk. Another possibility is that the increased incidence of otitis is due to positional differences between bottle- and breast-feeding. Bottle babies are often fed in the recumbent position which promotes entry of milk into the eustachian tubes and the middle ear, whereas the anatomy of the maternal breast requires that the infant's head be vertical during feeding. This concept of positional otitis has been recently reviewed.

Harmful Chemicals and Drugs in Breast Milk

1981 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 279-283
Author(s):  
David S. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Family Physicians ◽  
Antithyroid Drugs ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Antiinfective Agents ◽  
Alternative Drugs

The pediatrician should be aware of the fact that nearly all drugs used in the therapy of lactating women may be found in varying amounts in breast milk. Mothers who must take antithyroid drugs, chloramphenicol, lithium, methadone, most anticancer drugs, radioactive pharmaceuticals and antiinfective agents such as the tetracyclines and metronidazole should not nurse their infants while receiving therapy. It has been our experience that in most instances safer alternative drugs may be selected after discussions with obstetricians, family physicians, and internists. The use of other drugs merits a certain degree of caution; nursing the infant before a dose is given may help to minimize exposure to the infant. Interruption of breast-feeding should be infrequent.

Drugs and Breast Milk

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-148
Author(s):  
JOAN S. DORFMAN
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Maternal Medication ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Nonnarcotic Analgesics

To the Editor.— I have just reviewed the the article, "Transfer of Drugs and Other Chemicals Into Human Milk," from the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs, which appeared in the November issue of Pediatrics.1 I would appreciate further information on a change that has appeared since the previous publication in the September, 1983 issue of Pediatrics.2 Naproxen has been deleted from the current table of maternal medication usually compatible with breast-feeding under the category "narcotics, nonnarcotic analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents."

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