scholarly journals Selenium and breast-feeding

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose G. Dorea
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Organic Form ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Natural Foods ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Se Status

The objective of the present review is to discuss Se nutrition during breast-feeding, encompassing environmental and maternal constitutional factors affecting breast-milk-Se metabolism and secretion. A literature search of Medline and Webofscience was used to retrieve and select papers dealing with Se and breast milk. Although Se in natural foods occurs only in organic form, breast milk responds to organic and inorganic Se in supplements. Inorganic Se (selenite, selenate), which is largely used in maternal supplements, is not detectable in breast milk. The mammary-gland regulating mechanism controls the synthesis and secretion of seleno-compounds throughout lactation, with a high total Se level in colostrum that decreases as lactation progresses. Se appears in breast milk as a component of specific seleno-proteins and seleno-amino-acids in milk proteins that are well tolerated by breast-fed infants even in high amounts. Se in breast milk occurs as glutathione peroxidase (4–32% total Se) > selenocystamine > selenocystine > selenomethionine. The wide range of breast-milk Se concentrations depends on Se consumed in natural foods, which reflects the Se content of the soils where they are grown. Se prophylaxis, either through soil Se fertilization or maternal supplements, is effective in raising breast-milk Se concentration. In spite of wide variation, the median Se concentration from studies worldwide are 26, 18, 15, and 17 μg/l in colostrum (0–5 d), transitional milk (6–21 d), mature milk (1–3 months) and late lactation (>5 months) respectively. Se recommendations for infants are presently not achieved in 30% of the reported breast-milk Se concentrations; nevertheless Se status is greater in breast-fed than in formula-fed infants.

THE STUDY ON SITUATON OF EXCLUSIVE BREAST FEEDING FOR THE FIRST 6 MONTHS IN HOI AN

2016 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Thi Ngoc Anh Nguyen ◽  
Hoang Lan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Key Words Breast ◽  
Breastfeeding Rate ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Breast milk is the most valuable source of food for infants, no food is comparable. However in many countries around the world including Vietnam, the breastfeeding prevalence has been declining. A report of the Ministry of Health showed that only 19.6% of infants in Vietnam were exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months. The study was conducted in Hoi An with the aim at describing the situation of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of the mothers in Hoi An city, Quang Nam province and; identifying some factors affecting exclusive breast feeding for the first 6 months in the study area. Methods: A crosssectional descriptive study was conducted in Hoi An city in December 2014. 516 mothers of infants aged from 6 to 12 months were directly interviewed on the basis of a structured questionnaire. Information about general characteristics of mothers and their infants, their knowledge and attitude of breastfeeding and the feeding types of their baby for the first 6 months was collected. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months. Results: The exclusive breastfeeding prevalence for the first 6 months is 22.3%. Knowledge in breastfeeding and attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months are factors that significantly related to exclusive breastfeeding prevalence for the first 6 months (OR = 3.3; p=0.001 and OR=10.4; p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The exclusive breastfeeding rate for the first 6 months in Hoi An city is low. The promoting antenatal education in exclusive breastfeeding is necessary solution to improve exclusive breastfeeding rate for the first 6 months. Key words: breast milk, exclusive breastfeeding, Hoi An

Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-617
Author(s):  
Marsha Walker
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Practice Parameter ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Term Newborn ◽  
Breast Fed

I read with interest the report by the Provisional Committee for Quality Improvement and Subcommittee on Hyperbilirubinemia (Pediatrics 1994;94:558-565) entitled, "Practice Parameter: Management of Hyperbilirubinemia in the Healthy Term Newborn." I wish to make a couple of comments on jaundice and the breast-fed newborn. It was gratifying to see recommendations discouraging the interruption of breast-feeding and eliminating the use of supplemental water or dextrose and water in this situation. Many jaundiced breast-fed newborns simply need more breast milk, ie, more feedings and a check to see that the newborn is swallowing milk at breast.

Breast-feeding and Diarrheal Morbidity

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 874-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry M. Popkin ◽  
Linda Adair ◽  
John S. Akin ◽  
Robert Black ◽  
John Briscoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Milk Diet ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Environmental Causes ◽  
Diarrheal Morbidity

This study used a unique longitudinal survey of more than 3000 mother-infant pairs observed from pregnancy through infancy. The sample is representative of infants from the Cebu region of the Philippines. The sequencing of breast-feeding and diarrheal morbidity events was carefully examined in a longitudinal analysis which allowed for the examination of age-specific effects of feeding patterns. Because the work controlled for a wide range of environmental causes of diarrhea, the results can be generalized to other populations with some confidence. The addition to the breast-milk diet of even water, teas, and other nonnutritive liquids doubled or tripled the likelihood of diarrhea. Supplementation of breast-feeding with additional nutritive foods on liquids further increased significantly the risk of diarrhea; most benefits of breast-feeding alone on in combination with nutritive foods/liquids became small during the second half of infancy. Benefits of breast-feeding were slightly greater in urban environments.

Otitis Media in Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-168
Author(s):  
Ralph L. Rothstein
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Recumbent Position ◽  
Breast Fed

Dr. Bland found an increase in otitis media in bottle-fed versus breast-fed infants. He speculates that this may be due to transfer of IgA in breast milk. Another possibility is that the increased incidence of otitis is due to positional differences between bottle- and breast-feeding. Bottle babies are often fed in the recumbent position which promotes entry of milk into the eustachian tubes and the middle ear, whereas the anatomy of the maternal breast requires that the infant's head be vertical during feeding. This concept of positional otitis has been recently reviewed.

Lactic Acid and Breast-Feeding

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 1016-1016
Author(s):  
MARSHA WALKER
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Breast Fed

To the Editor.— I read the article, "Infant Acceptance of Postexercise Breast Milk" (Pediatrics 1992;89:1245-1247). Although it may be noteworthy that postexercise breast milk contains higher levels of lactic acid which change its taste, does this observation necessitate the recommendation to give a breast-fed baby supplemental feedings after the mother exercises? If the mother feeds the baby before exercising and the baby requires another feeding after the exercise, it is highly unlikely that he will suffer from caloric deprivation or malnutrition if he does not take a full feeding at that time.

scholarly journals Is there any difference between the iodine statuses of breast-fed and formula-fed infants and their mothers in an area with iodine sufficiency?

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (9) ◽  
pp. 1012-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantea Nazeri ◽  
Hosein Dalili ◽  
Yadollah Mehrabi ◽  
Mehdi Hedayati ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Feeding Group ◽  
Feeding Type ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Iodine Sufficiency

AbstractDespite substantial progress in the global elimination of iodine deficiency, lactating mothers and their infants remain susceptible to insufficient iodine intake. This cross-sectional study was conducted to compare iodine statuses of breast-fed and formula-fed infants and their mothers at four randomly selected health care centres in Tehran. Healthy infants <3 months old and their mothers were randomly selected for inclusion in this study. Iodine was measured in urine and breast milk samples from each infant and mother as well as commercially available infant formula. The study included 124 postpartum mothers (29·2 (sd 4·9) years old) and their infants (2·0 (sd 0·23) months old). The iodine concentrations were 50–184 µg/l for infant formula, compared with a median breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC) of 100 µg/l in the exclusive breast-feeding group and 122 µg/l in the partial formula feeding group. The median values for urinary iodine concentration in the exclusive breast-feeding group were 183 µg/l (interquartile range (IQR) 76–285) for infants and 78 µg/l (IQR 42–145) for mothers, compared with 140 µg/l (IQR 68–290) for infants and 87 µg/l (IQR 44–159) for mothers in the formula feeding group. These differences were not statistically significant. After adjustment for BMIC, ANCOVA revealed that feeding type (exclusive breast-feeding v. partial formula feeding) did not significantly affect the infants’ or mother’s urinary iodine levels. Thus, in an area with iodine sufficiency, there was no difference in the iodine statuses of infants and mothers according to their feeding type.

Executive Summary

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-583
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Attitudinal Factors ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Breast Fed

Domestic Although the rate of breast-feeding is increasing in the United States, it appears that the rate of increase has been much slower among less well educated and economically disadvantaged women. Relatively little is known about the behavioral and attitudinal factors that affect the decisions to breast-feed or to stop if already breast-feeding. Breast-feeding does appear to decrease an infant's risk of gastrointestinal infection and otitis media. The effect of method of infant feeding on risk of other infections and allergic illness is less certain. International The rate of breast-feeding in developing countries appears to have declined, especially among urban women. Although some sociodemographic correlates of infant-feeding choice have been examined, little is known about the behavioral and attitudinal factors that influence choice and duration of infant-feeding practices. Milk insufficiency, maternal employment, and pregnancy frequently are given as reasons for terminating breast-feeding. Rates of gastrointestinal illness are lower among breast-fed infants and when such illness is an important cause of death, infant mortality from this cause appears to be reduced. A randomized clinical trial carried out among high-risk infants found a significantly lower rate of infections among those given breast milk than those fed with infant formula. The evidence of the effect of breast-feeding on respiratory tract and other infections from other studies was less clear. Direct comparison of the growth of predominately breast-fed v artificially fed infants in the same populations from developing countries generally show faster growth for the breast-fed infants for the first 6 months of life. After 6 months, severe growth faltering occurs regardless of the method of feeding. In communities where the nutritional adequacy of supplementary foods is poor, breast milk is an extremely important, high-quality food during the second half of infancy and beyond.

When Should One Discourage Breast-feeding

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-302
Author(s):  
Lawrence R. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Psychosocial Aspects ◽  
Rich Source ◽  
Rare Disorder ◽  
Absolute Contraindication ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Breast Fed

Breast-feeding has advantages in terms of psychosocial aspects, maternal considerations, and infant factors.1-3 Within these same broad areas, I want to address circumstances in which reservations about breast-feeding should be considered. In terms of infant conditions, galactosemia is clearly an absolute contraindication to breast-feeding. Breast milk is a rich source of lactose, and the very survival of infants with galactosemia is dependent on their receiving a non-lactose-containing formula. Of course, galactosemia is a rare disorder, occurring in approximately 1:60,000 births. Phenylketonuria is often mentioned as another contraindication to breast-feeding. Breast milk, however, has relatively low levels of phenylalanine; in fact, infants who are exclusively breast-fed may receive a phenylalanine intake near the amount recommended for treating phenylketonuria.4

Breast-Feeding Frequency During the First 24 Hours After Birth in Full-Term Neonates

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitada Yamauchi ◽  
Itsuro Yamanouchi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Transcutaneous Bilirubin ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Maximum Weight Loss

The relation between the frequency of breast-feeding and intake, weight loss, meconium passage, and bilirubin levels was studied in 140 healthy, full-term, breast-fed, Japanese neonates born vaginally without complications. Factors affecting the frequency of breast-feeding were also evaluated. Mothers nursed their neonates, on average, 4.3 ± 2.5 (SD) times (range 0 to 11) during the first 24 hours after birth, and this frequency increased significantly to 7.4 ± 3.9 times during the next 24 hours (P &lt; .001). There was a significant correlation between the frequency of breast-feeding during the first and second 24 hours after birth (r = .69, P &lt; .001). The frequency of breast-feeding during the first 24 hours correlated significantly with frequency of meconium passage (r = .37, P &lt; .01), maximum weight loss (r = -.22, P &lt; .05), breast milk intake on day 3 (r = .50, P &lt; .01) and day 5 (r = .34, P &lt; .05), transcutaneous bilirubin readings on day 6 (r = -.18, P &lt; .05), and weight loss from birth to time of discharge (day 7) (r = -.32, P &lt; .01). There was a strong dose-response relationship between feeding frequency and a decreased incidence of significant hyperbilirubinemia (transcutaneous bilirubin readings ≥23.5) on day 6. The time of birth also affected the frequency of breast-feeding during the first 24 hours. Neonates born between midnight and 6:00 AM were nursed more frequently than those born between 1:00 PM and midnight (5.1 ± 2.4 vs 3.9 ± 2.3 times, P &lt; .05). The results demonstrate that frequent suckling in the first days of life has numerous beneficial effects on the breast-fed, full-term newborn.

scholarly journals Growth Pattern of Early and Late Breast Fed Preterm (30-35 Weeks' Gestation) Neonates: A Hospital Based Study

1970 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Tahsinul Amin ◽  
MAK Azad Chowdhury ◽  
M Monir Hossain ◽  
M Mahbubul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Enteral Feeding ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Early Feeding ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Better Than

Background: There is still controversy among the pediatricians regarding when and how to start enteral feeding in preterm neonates. However, early feeding with breast milk was presumed to be well-tolerated, cost-effective and promote growth better than late feeding. Objectives: To compare growth pattern, benefits and risks between early and late breast feeding in preterm (30-35 weeks' gestation) neonates. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial. Total 100 preterm neonates were stratified into early feeding (n=50) and late feeding (n=50) groups. Early feeding was started on day 3 and late feeding on day 5 of life with expressed breast milk as 20 ml/ kg/day by gavage feeding with daily increment 20 ml/kg till full enteral feeding. Growth was recorded by anthropometric measurements with accuracy and precision for first 3 months of life. Results: Early breast feeding was found to be significantly better than late breast feeding in duration to reach full feeding (13.08 days vs. 16.70 days), time to regain enrolment weight (10.87 days vs. 13.70 days), feed tolerance (78% vs. 58%), hospital stay (13.58 days vs. 16.82 days), mean weight (3773.62 ±310.49 gm vs. 3636.91 ±340.20 gm), linear growth (53.64 ±2.26 cm vs. 52.62 ±2.04 cm) and OFC growth (35.85 ±1.50 cm vs. 35.35 ±1.40 cm) at 3 months of age. Conclusion: Early feeding with breast milk is well tolerated with less morbidity and promotes growth better than late feeding in preterm neonates. Key words: Growth pattern; preterm; breast fed DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v31i1.6071 Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2007; Vol.31(1-3): 26-31

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