Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-617
Author(s):  
Marsha Walker
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Practice Parameter ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Term Newborn ◽  
Breast Fed

I read with interest the report by the Provisional Committee for Quality Improvement and Subcommittee on Hyperbilirubinemia (Pediatrics 1994;94:558-565) entitled, "Practice Parameter: Management of Hyperbilirubinemia in the Healthy Term Newborn." I wish to make a couple of comments on jaundice and the breast-fed newborn. It was gratifying to see recommendations discouraging the interruption of breast-feeding and eliminating the use of supplemental water or dextrose and water in this situation. Many jaundiced breast-fed newborns simply need more breast milk, ie, more feedings and a check to see that the newborn is swallowing milk at breast.

Otitis Media in Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-168
Author(s):  
Ralph L. Rothstein
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Recumbent Position ◽  
Breast Fed

Dr. Bland found an increase in otitis media in bottle-fed versus breast-fed infants. He speculates that this may be due to transfer of IgA in breast milk. Another possibility is that the increased incidence of otitis is due to positional differences between bottle- and breast-feeding. Bottle babies are often fed in the recumbent position which promotes entry of milk into the eustachian tubes and the middle ear, whereas the anatomy of the maternal breast requires that the infant's head be vertical during feeding. This concept of positional otitis has been recently reviewed.

Lactic Acid and Breast-Feeding

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 1016-1016
Author(s):  
MARSHA WALKER
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Breast Fed

To the Editor.— I read the article, "Infant Acceptance of Postexercise Breast Milk" (Pediatrics 1992;89:1245-1247). Although it may be noteworthy that postexercise breast milk contains higher levels of lactic acid which change its taste, does this observation necessitate the recommendation to give a breast-fed baby supplemental feedings after the mother exercises? If the mother feeds the baby before exercising and the baby requires another feeding after the exercise, it is highly unlikely that he will suffer from caloric deprivation or malnutrition if he does not take a full feeding at that time.

scholarly journals Is there any difference between the iodine statuses of breast-fed and formula-fed infants and their mothers in an area with iodine sufficiency?

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (9) ◽  
pp. 1012-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantea Nazeri ◽  
Hosein Dalili ◽  
Yadollah Mehrabi ◽  
Mehdi Hedayati ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Feeding Group ◽  
Feeding Type ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Iodine Sufficiency

AbstractDespite substantial progress in the global elimination of iodine deficiency, lactating mothers and their infants remain susceptible to insufficient iodine intake. This cross-sectional study was conducted to compare iodine statuses of breast-fed and formula-fed infants and their mothers at four randomly selected health care centres in Tehran. Healthy infants <3 months old and their mothers were randomly selected for inclusion in this study. Iodine was measured in urine and breast milk samples from each infant and mother as well as commercially available infant formula. The study included 124 postpartum mothers (29·2 (sd 4·9) years old) and their infants (2·0 (sd 0·23) months old). The iodine concentrations were 50–184 µg/l for infant formula, compared with a median breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC) of 100 µg/l in the exclusive breast-feeding group and 122 µg/l in the partial formula feeding group. The median values for urinary iodine concentration in the exclusive breast-feeding group were 183 µg/l (interquartile range (IQR) 76–285) for infants and 78 µg/l (IQR 42–145) for mothers, compared with 140 µg/l (IQR 68–290) for infants and 87 µg/l (IQR 44–159) for mothers in the formula feeding group. These differences were not statistically significant. After adjustment for BMIC, ANCOVA revealed that feeding type (exclusive breast-feeding v. partial formula feeding) did not significantly affect the infants’ or mother’s urinary iodine levels. Thus, in an area with iodine sufficiency, there was no difference in the iodine statuses of infants and mothers according to their feeding type.

Executive Summary

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-583
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Attitudinal Factors ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Breast Fed

Domestic Although the rate of breast-feeding is increasing in the United States, it appears that the rate of increase has been much slower among less well educated and economically disadvantaged women. Relatively little is known about the behavioral and attitudinal factors that affect the decisions to breast-feed or to stop if already breast-feeding. Breast-feeding does appear to decrease an infant's risk of gastrointestinal infection and otitis media. The effect of method of infant feeding on risk of other infections and allergic illness is less certain. International The rate of breast-feeding in developing countries appears to have declined, especially among urban women. Although some sociodemographic correlates of infant-feeding choice have been examined, little is known about the behavioral and attitudinal factors that influence choice and duration of infant-feeding practices. Milk insufficiency, maternal employment, and pregnancy frequently are given as reasons for terminating breast-feeding. Rates of gastrointestinal illness are lower among breast-fed infants and when such illness is an important cause of death, infant mortality from this cause appears to be reduced. A randomized clinical trial carried out among high-risk infants found a significantly lower rate of infections among those given breast milk than those fed with infant formula. The evidence of the effect of breast-feeding on respiratory tract and other infections from other studies was less clear. Direct comparison of the growth of predominately breast-fed v artificially fed infants in the same populations from developing countries generally show faster growth for the breast-fed infants for the first 6 months of life. After 6 months, severe growth faltering occurs regardless of the method of feeding. In communities where the nutritional adequacy of supplementary foods is poor, breast milk is an extremely important, high-quality food during the second half of infancy and beyond.

When Should One Discourage Breast-feeding

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-302
Author(s):  
Lawrence R. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Psychosocial Aspects ◽  
Rich Source ◽  
Rare Disorder ◽  
Absolute Contraindication ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Breast Fed

Breast-feeding has advantages in terms of psychosocial aspects, maternal considerations, and infant factors.1-3 Within these same broad areas, I want to address circumstances in which reservations about breast-feeding should be considered. In terms of infant conditions, galactosemia is clearly an absolute contraindication to breast-feeding. Breast milk is a rich source of lactose, and the very survival of infants with galactosemia is dependent on their receiving a non-lactose-containing formula. Of course, galactosemia is a rare disorder, occurring in approximately 1:60,000 births. Phenylketonuria is often mentioned as another contraindication to breast-feeding. Breast milk, however, has relatively low levels of phenylalanine; in fact, infants who are exclusively breast-fed may receive a phenylalanine intake near the amount recommended for treating phenylketonuria.4

scholarly journals Growth Pattern of Early and Late Breast Fed Preterm (30-35 Weeks' Gestation) Neonates: A Hospital Based Study

1970 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Tahsinul Amin ◽  
MAK Azad Chowdhury ◽  
M Monir Hossain ◽  
M Mahbubul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Enteral Feeding ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Early Feeding ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Better Than

Background: There is still controversy among the pediatricians regarding when and how to start enteral feeding in preterm neonates. However, early feeding with breast milk was presumed to be well-tolerated, cost-effective and promote growth better than late feeding. Objectives: To compare growth pattern, benefits and risks between early and late breast feeding in preterm (30-35 weeks' gestation) neonates. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial. Total 100 preterm neonates were stratified into early feeding (n=50) and late feeding (n=50) groups. Early feeding was started on day 3 and late feeding on day 5 of life with expressed breast milk as 20 ml/ kg/day by gavage feeding with daily increment 20 ml/kg till full enteral feeding. Growth was recorded by anthropometric measurements with accuracy and precision for first 3 months of life. Results: Early breast feeding was found to be significantly better than late breast feeding in duration to reach full feeding (13.08 days vs. 16.70 days), time to regain enrolment weight (10.87 days vs. 13.70 days), feed tolerance (78% vs. 58%), hospital stay (13.58 days vs. 16.82 days), mean weight (3773.62 ±310.49 gm vs. 3636.91 ±340.20 gm), linear growth (53.64 ±2.26 cm vs. 52.62 ±2.04 cm) and OFC growth (35.85 ±1.50 cm vs. 35.35 ±1.40 cm) at 3 months of age. Conclusion: Early feeding with breast milk is well tolerated with less morbidity and promotes growth better than late feeding in preterm neonates. Key words: Growth pattern; preterm; breast fed DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v31i1.6071 Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2007; Vol.31(1-3): 26-31

Infant Weaning Practises of Some Idoma Women in Makurdi, Nigeria

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.O. Igbedioh ◽  
A. Edache ◽  
H.I. Kaka
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Formal Training ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Standard Questionnaire ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Breast Fed

The weaning practices in infants aged 4–9 months of two hundred Idoma women resident in Makurdi were examined. A pre-tested standard questionnaire was used to collect data from mothers who regularly visited the post-natal health clinics in Makurdi. The results showed that better educated mothers breast fed for a shorter time or planned to cease breast feeding after a shorter period than mothers who had little education or no formal training. Most mothers (97%) fed milk formula which they claimed was used to supplement breast milk and was good for their babies. The most influential factors were the hospital and the husband. The majority of the mothers fed pap; 73% using com in its preparation, with 91% of them storing such paps in flask. More than half of the mothers used a bottle in feeding the paper or gruel to their infants while a similar proportion (65.5%) fed legumes to their infants in addition to fruits. The implications of these practices in comparison with other ethnic groups are discussed.

Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031-1032
Author(s):  
Michael Weitzman ◽  
George A. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Chart Audit ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Private Physician ◽  
Incidence Of Hospitalization ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Hospital Clinic

We would like to commend Fallot et al1 on their recent article attempting to demonstrate yet another advantage of breast-feeding, " ... that exclusively breast-feeding during the first three months of life significantly reduces the incidence of infections that ultimately require hospitalization of infants."1 Unfortunately, the data presented do not really add substantial support to the notion that breast-feeding reduces the incidence of hospitalization for infection. What the authors have accomplished, (if their method of identifying exclusively breast-fed infants by chart audit of hospital clinic, inpatient, and private physician medical records is reliable and valid in this regard) is to demonstrate that breast-feeding and lower rates of hospitalization for infection in the first three months of life are statistically associated.

Breast-Feeding: Second Thoughts

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-764
Author(s):  
John W. Gerrard
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Protection Against Infection ◽  
Breast Fed

A number of studies have shown that breast-feeding not only supplies the infant with nourishment but gives him immunologic protection against infection as well. Breast-fed infants are less likely to develop respiratory and gastrointestinal infections and allergic reactions. Infants slowly develop their own immunologic defenses in the months after birth, and breast-feeding is a hygienic, gradual method of protection during the transition to immunologic independence. Best protection is achieved when the infant receives breast milk alone for, at least, the first six months of life. Pediatricians should be aware that this is particularly important in areas where contamination of cow's milk and other foods is likely and where medical facilities are inadequate.

Fluoxetine in breast-milk and developmental outcome of breast-fed infants

1998 ◽  
Vol 172 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yoshida ◽  
B. Smith ◽  
M. Craggs ◽  
R. Channi Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Breast Fed

BackgroundSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are currently the most widely prescribed antidepressant drugs. There are only four published studies of breast-feeding mothers and their infants in which the mothers were taking fluoxetine.MethodFour mothers who took fluoxetine and their breast-fed infants were studied. Samples of plasma, breast-milk and urine were taken from the mothers and of plasma and urine from infants for assays of drug and metabolite concentrations. Bayley Scales of Infant Development were repeatedly used to assess cognitive and psychomotor development of the infants.ResultsFluoxetine and norfluoxetine were detected in all samples of maternal plasma (range of total concentration 138–427 ng/ml) and in breast-milk (range 39–177 ng/ml). Amounts of both fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in infants' plasma and urine were below the lower limit of detection. All infants were observed to be developing normally and showed no abnormal findings on neurological examination.ConclusionsMuch larger databases are needed but these four cases do not provide any evidence to suggest that women who are maintained on therapeutic doses of fluoxetine should discontinue breast-feeding their infants if they wish to breast-feed.

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