Adolescents' Misinterpretation of Health Risk Probability Expressions

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 713-716
Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Cohn ◽  
Manuel Schydlower ◽  
John Foley ◽  
Randolph L. Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Adolescent Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
Risk Probability ◽  
Degree Of Certainty ◽  
Pediatric Orthopedic

Objective. To determine if differences exist between adolescents and physicians in their numerical translation of 13 commonly used probability expressions (eg, possibly, might). Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. Adolescent medicine and pediatric orthopedic outpatient units. Participants. 150 adolescents and 51 pediatricians, pediatric orthopedic surgeons, and nurses. Measurement. Numerical ratings of the degree of certainty implied by 13 probability expressions (eg, possibly, probably). Results. Adolescents were significantly more likely than physicians to display comprehension errors, reversing or equating the meaning of terms such as probably/possibly and likely/possibly. Numerical expressions of uncertainty (eg, 30% chance) elicited less variability in ratings than lexical expressions of uncertainty (eg, possibly). Conclusion. Physicians should avoid using probability expressions such as probably, possibly, and likely when communicating health risks to children and adolescents. Numerical expressions of uncertainty may be more effective for conveying the likelihood of an illness than lexical expressions of uncertainty (eg, probably).

scholarly journals Hydrogen Sulfide Exposure to Public Health Risk Around Cibereum Landfill Area at Banjar City

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Arie Ardiyanti Rufaedah
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Environmental Health Risk ◽  
Great Health ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Main Entrance

The process of spoilage of waste in the landfill produces air pollutant gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) which was a colorless gas, highly flammable, and has a characteristic rotten egg odor. Communities around TPA who were continuously exposed to H2S gas has very at risk of experiencing health problems. The main entrance of H2S gas through the respiratory system so that it was quickly absorbed by the lungs rather than exposure through the mouth. This study aims to analyze the great health risks arising from exposure to hydrogen sulfide gas at the Cibeureum landfill in Banjar City. This research was a descriptive-analytic type with cross-sectional study design and it was analyzed with an environmental health risk assessment (EHRA) approach. The results of H2S concentration measurements were 0,004 ppm and still below the 0,02 ppm standard. Exposure projections indicate that people in the surrounding areas do not yet have non-carcinogenic risks (0,42≤1). The safe duration of exposure is 24 years. If residents still live around the landfill for more than 24 years, it will endanger them and cause non-carcinogenic health risks. Complaints caused by civilians around the landfill consist of coughing, headaches, colds, shortness of breath, chest pain, and sore throat.

scholarly journals Health risk Assessment of Exposure to Harmful Chemical Agents in a Refinery

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saber Moradi Hanifi ◽  
Fereydoon Laal ◽  
Zahra Panjali ◽  
Jamshid Khoubi
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Engineering Controls

Background: Process units, due to performance conditions at high pressure and high temperatures, are prone to many health risks that can lead to adverse effects during work. In order to identify health hazards, assess their risks and make appropriate decisions to control the risk and improve the health of individuals in this regard, the assessment of health risks is of particular importance. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess and prioritize health risks in a refinery. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a refinery in 2012. In this study, 14 important chemical substances were identified and analyzed.  Excel analysis was used to analyze the data. To assess the health risks due to chemical exposure the methodology proposed by the Department of Health Care in University of Singapore was used. First, important chemicals were identified and then the degree of risk and degree of exposure to chemicals were calculated and finally the level of health risk due to exposure to chemicals was determined. Results: The results showed that from 14 identified cases, exposure to diglycol diamine had a risk level of 4.47 (very high), hydrogen sulfide a risk level of 3.87 (high level), and molybdenum and nickel base catalysts a health risk of 3.87 (high), all of which were in a range of  unacceptable risk. Conclusion: In this study exposure to diglycol diamine, hydrogen sulfide, and molybdenum and nickel based catalysts was in the range of unacceptable risk. Using management and engineering controls such as personnel training, shortening the work shift of individuals, pre-recruitment and periodical examinations, designing a ventilation system, and the use of detectors and discovery equipment are recommended to reduce the level of risk.  

scholarly journals Occupational Health Risk among Selected Cement Factory Workers in Dang District of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 8-22
Author(s):  
Pawan Pandeya ◽  
Durga Khadka Mishra ◽  
Shankar Prasad Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Musculoskeletal Health ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Safety Devices ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Cement Factory

Background: The health risks was reported in the cement industry in various study conducted in different settings. This study aimed to assess the occupational health risks among cement factory workers of Dang district of Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study in 212 workers was conducted in Samrat Cement Company and Sonapur Minerals and Oils of Dang district in between July, 2019 to January 2020 using structured questionnaire. Proportionate stratified random sampling was used for participant selection. The collected information was entered in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed. Results: Of 212 workers, the respiratory and musculoskeletal health risks were reported by 13.2% and 22.2% of factory workers, respectively. About 29.2% were smokers. Two-third (66%) had poor knowledge of Occupational Health and Safety related questions and 17.9% had poor practice to prevent respiratory problems. Smokers (p=0.004) and access to safety measures (p=0.008) were significantly associated with respiratory problems. Educational status (p=0.021), work shift (p=0.022) and first aid availability (p=0.009) were statistically significant with musculoskeletal health risk. Conclusion: Low occupational health risk and low knowledge was reported by cement factory workers. Special protection to workers above 40 years and declaring the cement factory as smoking restricted area could minimize respiratory risk. Access to and condition of safety devices need to be monitored by factory administration. Behavior change communication and safety orientation could help the workers use safety devices. Key words: Occupational health risk, respiratory health risk, musculoskeletal health risk, knowledge, practice, cement factory workers.

scholarly journals Current practice and preferences to management of equinus in children with ambulatory cerebral palsy: A survey of orthopedic surgeons

SICOT-J ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Gendy ◽  
Mohamed ElGebeily ◽  
Tamer A. EL-Sobky ◽  
Khalid I. Khoshhal ◽  
Ayman H. Jawadi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Equinus Deformity ◽  
Pediatric Orthopedic

Introduction: The consensus among orthopedic surgeons on the management of equinus deformity in cerebral palsy (CP) children has not been reported previously despite being a prevalent deformity. The goals of this study were to examine the orthopedic surgeons’ current practice regarding the management of equinus deformity in children with ambulatory CP, and analyze variations in current practice between general orthopedic and pediatric orthopedic surgeons. Methods: We implemented a brief cross-sectional self-reported questionnaire that addressed the areas of clinical examination and decision-making skills of management of equinus deformity in CP children. We targeted a convenience sample of 400 participants. Surgeons that provided complete responses to the questionnaire were 223 with a response rate of 56%, of which 123 (55%) were general orthopedic surgeons, whereas 100 (45%) were pediatric orthopedic surgeons. The target population consisted of orthopedic surgeons who were further sub-classified in accordance with practice age, general versus pediatric, and exposure to children’s orthopedics during the last three years of their practice. For analytical statistics, the Chi-Square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to examine the relationship between two qualitative variables. Results: The overall clinical practice preferences of all survey participants were unimpressive with discordant survey responses. Pediatric orthopedic surgeons generally demonstrated a statistically significant difference regarding clinical assessment skill items of the survey, in contrast to general orthopedic surgeons. However, we found no differences between pediatric orthopedic and general orthopedic surgeons regarding most of the decision-making/knowledge items. Discussion: Generally, there are insufficient clinical practice trends of both general and pediatric orthopedic surgeons regarding equinus treatment in CP children. This may indicate a knowledge–practice gap with potential risks to CP children undergoing surgery for equinus. There is a need for a more competent exposure to CP in orthopedic surgeons’ educational curricula and an updated health referral system.

scholarly journals ADHERENCE TO VACCINATION AND PERCEPTION OF COVID-19 RISK AMONG POPULAITON IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
E.A. Hutsich ◽  
◽  
S.I. Sychyk ◽  
S.L. Itpayeva-Liudchyk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Risk Perception

Our research goal was to examine health risk perception and adherence to vaccination against COVID-19 among various social and demographic population groups in Belarus. To achieve this goal, a cross-sectional study was accomplished via using an online poll. The obtained results reveal that perception of health risks caused by COVID-19 is quite significant among people living in Belarus since only 9.9 % of the questioned do not consider COVID-19 a dangerous disease. Higher levels of risk perception have been detected among medical personnel, older age groups, and people with chronic pathologies. Most respondents believe vaccination is among the most efficient anti-COVID-19 measures; however, people are rather poorly aware about provided opportunities to get vaccinated. 33.6 % among respondents who are not vaccinated don’t plan to do it with; their basic reasons for this refusal are lack of trust, both in vaccines being safe and efficient and overall trust in preparations suggested for vaccination. Having analyzed answers given by respondents who were medical workers we revealed that a greater share of them were vaccinated but reasons for refusing from vaccination were the same. 20.1 % respondents from all groups and 21.2 % medical workers who took part in the questioning stated that they needed additional information about vaccination. When developing communication strategies aimed at raising awareness among population, we should bear in mind that lower perception of COVID-19-related health risks and refusal from vaccination are more widely spread among people younger than 40; people who don’t have higher education; people with minor children in their families. Prevalence of lower COVID-19-related health risk perception is also greater among men; people who don’t live in the capital; people with eld- erly relatives in their families. Internet resources, data provided by the WHO and Public Healthcare Ministry, and medical personnel are considered the most reliable sources of information by population in Belarus.

scholarly journals ADHERENCE TO VACCINATION AND PERCEPTION OF COVID-19 RISK AMONG POPULAITON IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
E.A. Hutsich ◽  
◽  
S.I. Sychyk ◽  
S.L. Itpayeva-Liudchyk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Risk Perception

Our research goal was to examine health risk perception and adherence to vaccination against COVID-19 among various social and demographic population groups in Belarus. To achieve this goal, a cross-sectional study was accomplished via using an online poll. The obtained results reveal that perception of health risks caused by COVID-19 is quite significant among people living in Belarus since only 9.9 % of the questioned do not consider COVID-19 a dangerous disease. Higher levels of risk perception have been detected among medical personnel, older age groups, and people with chronic pathologies. Most respondents believe vaccination is among the most efficient anti-COVID-19 measures; however, people are rather poorly aware about provided opportunities to get vaccinated. 33.6 % among respondents who are not vaccinated don’t plan to do it with; their basic reasons for this refusal are lack of trust, both in vaccines being safe and efficient and overall trust in preparations suggested for vaccination. Having analyzed answers given by respondents who were medical workers we revealed that a greater share of them were vaccinated but reasons for refusing from vaccination were the same. 20.1 % respondents from all groups and 21.2 % medical workers who took part in the questioning stated that they needed additional information about vaccination. When developing communication strategies aimed at raising awareness among population, we should bear in mind that lower perception of COVID-19-related health risks and refusal from vaccination are more widely spread among people younger than 40; people who don’t have higher education; people with minor children in their families. Prevalence of lower COVID-19-related health risk perception is also greater among men; people who don’t live in the capital; people with eld- erly relatives in their families. Internet resources, data provided by the WHO and Public Healthcare Ministry, and medical personnel are considered the most reliable sources of information by population in Belarus.

scholarly journals Religion: Interrelationships and Opinions in Children and Adolescents. Interaction between Age and Beliefs

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Rafael López Cordero ◽  
Francisca Ruiz Garzón ◽  
Lourdes Medina Martínez ◽  
María del Carmen Olmos-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Religious Issue ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

The current trend of secularization seems to be leading to a gradual withdrawal of religion from public spaces. However, in an increasingly internationalized world, it is becoming more and more important to study the roles of religion and religiosity and their potential in relation to dialogue and social conflicts and tensions. Education is a vital field within which to address this religious issue and create an educational dialogue in order to promote coexistence. By following a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study, based on a quasi-experimental methodology with a social–analytical character, our aim is to assess the existing connections between religion, interrelation and opinion in Spanish children and adolescents. Special attention is paid to the interaction between age and beliefs. We carried out our study with the use of a questionnaire distributed to eleven secondary schools, with students aged between 11 and 16 years old, in three regions of southern Spain (Andalusia, Ceuta, and Melilla) characterized by high religious diversity and multiculturalism. The multivariate analysis carried out in this study identifies the effects of variance on the influence of age and religion, highlighting the interaction between the two. It is observed that the youngest students are those who express their opinions about religion the least, while those belonging to younger age groups and majority religions are those who express a greater religious coexistence, with Muslims externalizing their religious condition the most.

scholarly journals Environmental and Air Pollution Factors Affecting Allergic Eye Disease in Children and Adolescents in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5611
Author(s):  
Anthony Vipin Das ◽  
Sayan Basu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Ground Level Ozone

The aim of this study was to describe the correlation between the meteorological and air pollution parameters with the temporal pattern of presentation of recent onset allergic eye disease (AED). This cross-sectional hospital-based study included new patients (≤21 years of age) presenting between January 2016 and August 2018 from the district of Hyderabad with a clinical diagnosis of AED and an acute exacerbation of recent onset of symptoms of less than 3 months duration. Correlation analysis was performed with the local environmental rainfall, temperature, humidity, windspeed, and air pollution. Of the 25,354 new patients hailing from the district of Hyderabad, 2494 (9.84%) patients were diagnosed with AED, of which 1062 (4.19%) patients had recent onset of symptoms. The mean monthly prevalence in this cohort was 4.13%, and the month of May (6.09%) showed the highest levels. The environmental parameters of humidity (r2 = 0.83/p = < 0.0001) and rainfall (r2 = 0.41/p = 0.0232) showed significant negative correlation, while temperature (r2 = 0.43/p = 0.0206) and ground-level ozone (r2 = 0.41/p = 0.0005) showed significant positive correlation with the temporal pattern of AED in the population. An increase in rainfall and humidity was associated with a lower prevalence, and an increase of temperature and ground-level ozone was associated with a higher prevalence of AED cases during the year among children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Emotional Regulation and Overeating Behaviors in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Francesca Favieri ◽  
Andrea Marini ◽  
Maria Casagrande
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Inadequate Response ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

The worldwide prevalence of obesity has dramatically increased, mostly in children and adolescents. The Emotional Eating theoretical model has proposed that the failure in emotional regulation could represent a risk factor for establishing maladaptive overeating behavior that represents an inadequate response to negative emotions and allows increasing body-weight. This systematic review investigates the relationship between overeating and both emotional regulation and emotional intelligence in childhood and adolescence, considering both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Moreover, another goal of the review is evaluating whether emotional regulation and emotional intelligence can cause overeating behaviors. The systematic search was conducted according to the PRISMA-statement in the databases Medline, PsychArtcles, PsychInfo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences, and allows 484 records to be extracted. Twenty-six studies were selected according to inclusion (e.g., studies focused on children and adolescents without clinical conditions; groups of participants overweight or with obesity) and exclusion (e.g., studies that adopted qualitative assessment or cognitive-affective tasks to measure emotional variables; reviews, commentary, or brief reports) criteria detailed in the methods. Cross-sectional studies showed a negative association between emotional regulation and overeating behavior that was confirmed by longitudinal studies. These findings highlighted the role of maladaptive emotion regulation on overeating and being overweight. The relationship between these constructs in children and adolescents was consistent. The results indicated the complexity of this association, which would be influenced by many physiological, psychological, and social factors. These findings underline the need for further studies focused on emotion regulation in the development of overeating. They should analyze the mediation role of other variables (e.g., attachment style, peer pressure) and identify interventions to prevent and reduce worldwide overweight prevalence.

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