The Relationship Between Idiopathic Mental Retardation and Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-553
Author(s):  
Carolyn D. Drews ◽  
Catherine C. Murphy ◽  
Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp ◽  
Pierre Decouflé
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Idiopathic Mental Retardation

Objectives. Smoking has been linked to small cognitive, achievement, and behavioral deficits but has not been associated with more severe cognitive impairments. This investigation evaluated the relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and idiopathic mental retardation (MR). Methods. Data on maternal smoking during pregnancy were obtained during face-to-face interviews with the mothers of 221 children with idiopathic MR and the mothers of 400 children attending public school. All children had been born in the five-county metropolitan Atlanta area in 1975 or 1976 and were living in the area when they were 10 years of age. We used exposure odds ratios (ORs) to assess the relationship between maternal smoking and MR, controlling for sex, maternal age at delivery, race, maternal education, economic status, parity, and alcohol use. Results. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with slightly more than a 50% increase in the prevalence of idiopathic MR (adjusted OR, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-2.4), and children whose mothers smoked at least one pack a day during pregnancy had more than a 75% increase in the occurrence of idiopathic MR (OR, 1.9;95% confidence interval, 1.0-3.4). This increase was neither accounted for by other sociodemographic risk factors for MR nor explained by an increase in the prevalence of low birth weight among the children of smokers. Conclusions. Our data suggest that maternal smoking may be a preventable cause of mental retardation.

scholarly journals Individual and Regional Characteristics Associated with Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy in Japan: Healthy Parents and Children 21

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Tadao Ooka ◽  
Yuka Akiyama ◽  
Ryoji Shinohara ◽  
Hiroshi Yokomichi ◽  
Zentaro Yamagata
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Regional Characteristics ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
The Individual

Smoking during pregnancy causes various maternal and fetal health problems. Although there are considerable differences in maternal smoking proportions between localities, only a few studies have investigated the effects of regional characteristics on maternal smoking behavior. This study aimed to clarify the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and individual and regional characteristics. We used data from a large nationwide birth cohort study in Japan that consisted of information on 20,267 women with children aged 3–4 months. The multilevel regression model was used to examine the association between smoking behavior during pregnancy and individual and regional characteristics. On multilevel analysis, late birth order, young age of the mother at birth, low birth weight, low economic status, husband’s smoking during pregnancy, maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy, absence of a pregnancy counselor, and lack of participation in local events for childrearing were significantly associated with maternal smoking behavior during pregnancy at the individual level. Meanwhile, a high unemployment rate and a high number of nurseries were significantly associated with maternal smoking behavior during pregnancy at the regional level. In conclusion, we showed the relation between maternal smoking during pregnancy and the individual- and regional-level characteristics.

scholarly journals Disentangling the relationships between maternal smoking during pregnancy and co-occurring risk factors

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1547-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Ellingson ◽  
M. E. Rickert ◽  
P. Lichtenstein ◽  
N. Långström ◽  
B. M. D'Onofrio
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Familial Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Drug Problems ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundMaternal smoking during pregnancy (SDP) has been studied extensively as a risk factor for adverse offspring outcomes and is known to co-occur with other familial risk factors. Accounting for general familial risk factors has attenuated associations between SDP and adverse offspring outcomes, and identifying these confounds will be crucial to elucidating the relationship between SDP and its psychological correlates.MethodThe current study aimed to disentangle the relationship between maternal SDP and co-occurring risk factors (maternal criminal activity, drug problems, teen pregnancy, educational attainment, and cohabitation at childbirth) using a population-based sample of full- (n=206 313) and half-sister pairs (n=19 363) from Sweden. Logistic regression models estimated the strength of association between SDP and co-occurring risk factors. Bivariate behavioral genetic models estimated the degree to which associations between SDP and co-occurring risk factors are attributable to genetic and environmental factors.ResultsMaternal SDP was associated with an increase in all co-occurring risk factors. Of the variance associated with SDP, 45% was attributed to genetic factors and 53% was attributed to unshared environmental factors. In bivariate models, genetic factors accounted for 21% (non-drug-, non-violence-related crimes) to 35% (drug-related crimes) of the covariance between SDP and co-occurring risk factors. Unshared environmental factors accounted for the remaining covariance.ConclusionsThe genetic factors that influence a woman's criminal behavior, substance abuse and her offspring's rearing environment all influence SDP. Therefore, the intergenerational transmission of genes conferring risk for antisocial behavior and substance misuse may influence the associations between maternal SDP and adverse offspring outcomes.

Effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on congenital anomalies: Results from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Tsuchida ◽  
Kei Hamazaki ◽  
Mika Kigawa ◽  
Tomomi Tanaka ◽  
Mika Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective Tobacco smoke contains over 7,000 chemical compounds, tobacco smoking is a possible risk factor of congenital anomalies (CAs). Therefore, we investigated the relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and CAs in children. Drawing data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), gathered between January 2011 and March 2014, 91,626 pregnant Japanese women were included. Results Of 91,626 subjects examined, 2.4% (2,183) of their infants had “any CAs.” By smoking behavior; 1,256 (57.5%), 523 (23.9%), 271 (12.4%), and 136 (6.2%) subjects were in the “never smoked,” “quit before pregnancy,” “quit after pregnancy,” and “still smoking” groups, respectively. The odds ratios (OR) for any CAs were not significant when “quit before pregnancy,” or “quit after pregnancy,” groups were compared to the “never smoked” group. However, upon comparing “never smoked” group with the “still smoking” group regarding “any CAs,” the OR was significant (OR 1.38, 95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.69, p=0.002). This study showed association between smoking continuation during pregnancy and an increased risk of CAs. This study results may be used as the basis for recommending anti-smoking education for pregnant women, and younger yet-to-become pregnant women.

scholarly journals The Impact of Tobacco Smoke Exposure on Wheezing and Overweight in 4–6-Year-Old Children

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Grazuleviciene ◽  
Sandra Andrusaityte ◽  
Inga Uzdanaviciute ◽  
Jolanta Kudzyte ◽  
Rimantas Kevalas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To investigate the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy, second-hand tobacco smoke (STS) exposure, education level, and preschool children’s wheezing and overweight.Methods. This cohort study used data of the KANC cohort—1,489 4–6-year-old children from Kaunas city, Lithuania. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to study the influence of prenatal and postnatal STS exposure on the prevalence of wheezing and overweight, controlling for potential confounders.Results. Children exposed to maternal smoking during pregnancy had a slightly increased prevalence of wheezing and overweight. Postnatal exposure to STS was associated with a statistically significantly increased risk of wheezing and overweight in children born to mothers with lower education levels (OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.04–4.35 and 3.57; 95% CI 1.76–7.21, accordingly).Conclusions. The present study findings suggest that both maternal smoking during pregnancy and STS increase the risk of childhood wheezing and overweight, whereas lower maternal education might have a synergetic effect. Targeted interventions must to take this into account and address household smoking.

scholarly journals Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring executive function: What do we know and what are the next steps?

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 1333-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Micalizzi ◽  
Valerie S. Knopik
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Developmental Significance ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractChildren exposed to maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) exhibit difficulties in executive function (EF) from infancy through adolescence. Due to the developmental significance of EF as a predictor of adaptive functioning throughout the life span, the MSDP–EF relation has clear public health implications. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the literature on the relationship between MSDP and offspring EF across development; consider brain-based assessments, animal models, and genetically informed studies in an effort to elucidate plausible pathways of effects; discuss implications for prevention and intervention; and make calls to action for future research.

scholarly journals Maternal smoking during pregnancy and fractures in offspring: national register based sibling comparison study

BMJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. l7057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith S Brand ◽  
Ayako Hiyoshi ◽  
Yang Cao ◽  
Deborah A Lawlor ◽  
Sven Cnattingius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
National Register ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Risk Of Fracture ◽  
Sibling Comparison ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Objective To study the impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy on fractures in offspring during different developmental stages of life. Design National register based birth cohort study with a sibling comparison design. Setting Sweden. Participants 1 680 307 people born in Sweden between 1983 and 2000 to women who smoked (n=377 367, 22.5%) and did not smoke (n=1 302 940) in early pregnancy. Follow-up was until 31 December 2014. Main outcome measure Fractures by attained age up to 32 years. Results During a median follow-up of 21.1 years, 377 970 fractures were observed (the overall incidence rate for fracture standardised by calendar year of birth was 11.8 per 1000 person years). The association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of fracture in offspring differed by attained age. Maternal smoking was associated with a higher rate of fractures in offspring before 1 year of age in the entire cohort (birth year standardised fracture rates in those exposed and unexposed to maternal smoking were 1.59 and 1.28 per 1000 person years, respectively). After adjustment for potential confounders the hazard ratio for maternal smoking compared with no smoking was 1.27 (95% confidence interval 1.12 to 1.45). This association followed a dose dependent pattern (compared with no smoking, hazard ratios for 1-9 cigarettes/day and ≥10 cigarettes/day were 1.20 (95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.39) and 1.41 (1.18 to 1.69), respectively) and persisted in within-sibship comparisons although with wider confidence intervals (compared with no smoking, 1.58 (1.01 to 2.46)). Maternal smoking during pregnancy was also associated with an increased fracture incidence in offspring from age 5 to 32 years in whole cohort analyses, but these associations did not follow a dose dependent gradient. In within-sibship analyses, which controls for confounding by measured and unmeasured shared familial factors, corresponding point estimates were all close to null. Maternal smoking was not associated with risk of fracture in offspring between the ages of 1 and 5 years in any of the models. Conclusion Prenatal exposure to maternal smoking is associated with an increased rate of fracture during the first year of life but does not seem to have a long lasting biological influence on fractures later in childhood and up to early adulthood.

scholarly journals Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring intellectual disability: sibling analysis in an intergenerational Danish cohort

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Paul Madley-Dowd ◽  
Amy E. Kalkbrenner ◽  
Hein Heuvelman ◽  
Jon Heron ◽  
Stanley Zammit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Family Effect ◽  
Smoking In Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

Abstract Background Maternal smoking has known adverse effects on fetal development. However, research on the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring intellectual disability (ID) is limited, and whether any associations are due to a causal effect or residual confounding is unknown. Method Cohort study of all Danish births between 1995 and 2012 (1 066 989 persons from 658 335 families after exclusions), with prospectively recorded data for cohort members, parents and siblings. We assessed the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy (18.6% exposed, collected during prenatal visits) and offspring ID (8051 cases, measured using ICD-10 diagnosis codes F70–F79) using logistic generalised estimating equation regression models. Models were adjusted for confounders including measures of socio-economic status and parental psychiatric diagnoses and were adjusted for family averaged exposure between full siblings. Adjustment for a family averaged exposure allows calculation of the within-family effect of smoking on child outcomes which is robust against confounders that are shared between siblings. Results We found increased odds of ID among those exposed to maternal smoking in pregnancy after confounder adjustment (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.28–1.42) which attenuated to a null effect following adjustment for family averaged exposure (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.78–1.06). Conclusions Our findings are inconsistent with a causal effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on offspring ID risk. By estimating a within-family effect, our results suggest that prior associations were the result of unmeasured genetic or environmental characteristics of families in which the mother smokes during pregnancy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document