scholarly journals Disentangling the relationships between maternal smoking during pregnancy and co-occurring risk factors

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1547-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Ellingson ◽  
M. E. Rickert ◽  
P. Lichtenstein ◽  
N. Långström ◽  
B. M. D'Onofrio
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Familial Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Drug Problems ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundMaternal smoking during pregnancy (SDP) has been studied extensively as a risk factor for adverse offspring outcomes and is known to co-occur with other familial risk factors. Accounting for general familial risk factors has attenuated associations between SDP and adverse offspring outcomes, and identifying these confounds will be crucial to elucidating the relationship between SDP and its psychological correlates.MethodThe current study aimed to disentangle the relationship between maternal SDP and co-occurring risk factors (maternal criminal activity, drug problems, teen pregnancy, educational attainment, and cohabitation at childbirth) using a population-based sample of full- (n=206 313) and half-sister pairs (n=19 363) from Sweden. Logistic regression models estimated the strength of association between SDP and co-occurring risk factors. Bivariate behavioral genetic models estimated the degree to which associations between SDP and co-occurring risk factors are attributable to genetic and environmental factors.ResultsMaternal SDP was associated with an increase in all co-occurring risk factors. Of the variance associated with SDP, 45% was attributed to genetic factors and 53% was attributed to unshared environmental factors. In bivariate models, genetic factors accounted for 21% (non-drug-, non-violence-related crimes) to 35% (drug-related crimes) of the covariance between SDP and co-occurring risk factors. Unshared environmental factors accounted for the remaining covariance.ConclusionsThe genetic factors that influence a woman's criminal behavior, substance abuse and her offspring's rearing environment all influence SDP. Therefore, the intergenerational transmission of genes conferring risk for antisocial behavior and substance misuse may influence the associations between maternal SDP and adverse offspring outcomes.

Familial risk factors and the familial aggregation of psychiatric disorders

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Familial Aggregation ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Potential Importance ◽  
Obstetric Injury ◽  
Familial Risk Factors

SynopsisAll major psychiatric disorders aggregate in families. For most disorders, both genes and environmental factors play an important role in this aggregation. While recent work has tended to concentrate on the importance of genetic factors, this report focuses on the potential importance of environmental risk factors which themselves aggregate in families. In particular, this article examines how much of the familial aggregation of a psychiatric disorder may result from the familial aggregation of a risk factor. The model is illustrated and then applied to putative familial risk factors for schizophrenia and depression. The results of the model suggest that if parental loss and exposure to pathogenic rearing practices are true risk factors for depression, then they could account for a significant proportion of the familial aggregation of depression. By contrast, the model predicts that even if obstetric injury and low social class are true risk factors for schizophrenia, they together would account for only a very small proportion of the tendency for schizophrenia to aggregate in families.

Contribution of prenatal factors and in formation of asthma phenotypes in children (part I)

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmila A Zhelenina ◽  
Anna N Galustyan ◽  
Natalya B Platonova ◽  
Mariya V Kuropatenko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Asthma Phenotype ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Asthma Phenotypes ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E

Results of the prospective study conducted to assess the perinatal risk factors contribution in the asthma phenotypes formation in childhood are presented. Of 712 children, which have been observed from the first wheezing onset in St Petersburg’s state ambulances, 238 children with bronchial asthma developed in later years of life were included in random sample. Bronchial asthma proceeded in the structure of atopic disease in 128 children (phenotype ABA), and as the part of the limited allergic lesion of respiratory tract - in 110 children (phenotype RBA). It was found that bronchial asthma in mother, especially mother’s asthma with the early age onset, pregnancy pathology and maternal Smoking during pregnancy are the most significant risk factors which contribute in formation of ABA asthma phenotype. Maternal Smoking during pregnancy increased the frequency of severe asthma with ABA phenotype in the offspring during next years of their life. Clinically, the ABA phenotype is characterized by more frequent debut at the age of 1 year and usually diagnosed before 7 years of age, the presence of food sensitization in 70-90 % of cases, and a high level of hyperimmunoglobulinemia E. Such triggers as the Cesarean delivery, absence of the breastfeeding and exposure to tobacco products in the first years of life are the most significant risk factors in formation of the RBA asthma phenotype. The absence of allergic diseases in both parents or allergic ллерголог in mothers, later age debut and diagnosis of asthma, extremely low frequency of food sensibilization (less than 15 %), high frequency of hyperresponsivity, and low frequency of hyperimmunoglobulinemia E, exceeds the norm in 2 times are the typical features of RBA asthma phenotype.

scholarly journals The interaction of sociodemographic risk factors and measures of nicotine dependence in predicting maternal smoking during pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra N. Houston-Ludlam ◽  
Kathleen K. Bucholz ◽  
Julia D. Grant ◽  
Mary Waldron ◽  
Pamela A.F. Madden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Sociodemographic Risk ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

The Relationship Between Idiopathic Mental Retardation and Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-553
Author(s):  
Carolyn D. Drews ◽  
Catherine C. Murphy ◽  
Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp ◽  
Pierre Decouflé
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Idiopathic Mental Retardation

Objectives. Smoking has been linked to small cognitive, achievement, and behavioral deficits but has not been associated with more severe cognitive impairments. This investigation evaluated the relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and idiopathic mental retardation (MR). Methods. Data on maternal smoking during pregnancy were obtained during face-to-face interviews with the mothers of 221 children with idiopathic MR and the mothers of 400 children attending public school. All children had been born in the five-county metropolitan Atlanta area in 1975 or 1976 and were living in the area when they were 10 years of age. We used exposure odds ratios (ORs) to assess the relationship between maternal smoking and MR, controlling for sex, maternal age at delivery, race, maternal education, economic status, parity, and alcohol use. Results. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with slightly more than a 50% increase in the prevalence of idiopathic MR (adjusted OR, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-2.4), and children whose mothers smoked at least one pack a day during pregnancy had more than a 75% increase in the occurrence of idiopathic MR (OR, 1.9;95% confidence interval, 1.0-3.4). This increase was neither accounted for by other sociodemographic risk factors for MR nor explained by an increase in the prevalence of low birth weight among the children of smokers. Conclusions. Our data suggest that maternal smoking may be a preventable cause of mental retardation.

Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy Is Associated with Offspring Hypodontia

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 1014-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Al-Ani ◽  
J.S. Antoun ◽  
W.M. Thomson ◽  
T.R. Merriman ◽  
M. Farella
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Study Designs

Little is known about environmental risk factors for hypodontia. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between hypodontia and common environmental risk factors, such as maternal smoking and alcohol and caffeine consumption during pregnancy. Eighty-nine hypodontia cases with 1 or more missing permanent lateral incisors and/or 1 or more missing premolars were enrolled in this clinic-based case-control study. Some 253 controls with no missing teeth were frequency matched to cases by age and sex. Hypodontia was diagnosed using panoramic radiographs. Sociodemographic data were collected from both the participants and their mothers, with maternal self-reported active and passive smoking, as well as alcohol and caffeine consumption during pregnancy, assessed by a questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with logistic regression to assess the strength of association between risk factors and hypodontia. OR estimates were then adjusted for possible confounders, such as maternal age at delivery, sex and gestational age of the child, and household socioeconomic background. Significant associations were found between hypodontia and maternal cigarette use during pregnancy, as well as the number of cigarettes smoked per day. The consumption of 10 or more cigarettes per day during pregnancy was associated with greater odds of having a child with hypodontia (adjusted OR, 4.18; 95% CI, 1.48–11.80; P = 0.007). Observed associations between hypodontia, second-hand smoke, and alcohol and caffeine consumption were not statistically significant. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with hypodontia. Larger samples and prospective observational study designs, however, are needed to investigate this association further.

scholarly journals 454. Perinatal Risk Factors Associated with Skin Infection Hospitalisation in Western Australian Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S223-S223
Author(s):  
Rosanne Barnes ◽  
Asha C Bowen ◽  
Roz Walker ◽  
Steven Y C Tong ◽  
Jodie McVernon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Skin Infection ◽  
Perinatal Risk Factors ◽  
Perinatal Risk ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Aboriginal Children ◽  
Western Australian

Abstract Background Hospitalisation with skin infection in Western Australian (WA) Aboriginal children is common, with the highest rates in infants and children from remote WA. We aimed to quantify infant, maternal, and sociodemographic risk factors for skin infection hospitalization in WA children, focusing on Aboriginal children aged <17 years. Methods We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study with linked perinatal and hospitalization data on WA-born children (1996–2012), of whom 31,348 (6.7%) were Aboriginal. We used Cox regression to calculate adjusted hazard ratios and associated population attributable fractions (PAFs) for perinatal factors attributed to the first hospitalization with skin infection. To identify specific risk factors for early-onset infection, we further restricted the cohort to infants aged <1 year. Results Overall, 5,439 (17.4%) Aboriginal and 6,750 (1.5%) non-Aboriginal children were hospitalized at least once with a skin infection. Aboriginal infants aged <1 year had the highest skin infection hospitalization rate (63.2/1,000 child-years). The strongest risk factors in Aboriginal children aged <17 years were socio-economic disadvantage, very remote location at birth and multi-parity (≥3 previous pregnancies) accounting for 24%, 23% and 15% of skin infection hospitalizations, respectively. Other risk factors included maternal age <20 years, maternal smoking during pregnancy and low birthweight. Conclusion We have quantified the relative influence of perinatal risk factors associated with skin infection hospitalizations in WA children, providing measures indicating which factors have the potential to reduce the most hospitalizations. Our evidence supports existing calls for substantial government investment in addressing underlying social and environmental barriers to healthy skin in WA Aboriginal children but also identifies potential areas to target health promotion messaging at individuals/families on maternal smoking during pregnancy and skin hygiene for families. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Familial Risk Factors in Relation to Recurrent Depression Among Former Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonas Halonen ◽  
Helinä Hakko ◽  
Kaisa Riala ◽  
Pirkko Riipinen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Recurrent Depression ◽  
Initial Sample ◽  
Familial Risk Factors ◽  
Adolescent Inpatients ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

AbstractTreating recurrent depression is a challenge for clinical practitioners. We investigated which family environmental factors contribute to differences between recurrent and non-recurrent depression by the young adulthood of the former adolescent inpatients. The initial sample covered 237 adolescent psychiatric inpatients with depression, of which 35.4% had later diagnosed with recurrent depression. Recurrence in depression was associated to distant maternal relationships in both male (p = 0.022) and female patients (p = 0.042). In females, the likelihood for recurrent depression was also related to psychiatric problems of the father (p = 0.013) and siblings (OR = 3.7, p = 0.032), and having a grand multiparous mother (p = 0.005). Our results emphasise the need for effective family-centred approaches in treatment of adolescents with depression.

scholarly journals Maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adulthood

2011 ◽  
Vol 219 (2) ◽  
pp. 815-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Lessa Horta ◽  
Denise P. Gigante ◽  
Aydin Nazmi ◽  
Vera Maria F. Silveira ◽  
Isabel Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy
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