Cryptorchidism

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 317-319
Author(s):  
Terry D. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Therapy ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Testicular Function ◽  
Mechanical Problem ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Bilateral Disease ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Unilateral Cryptorchidism

Recent developments, particularly in the field of endocrinology, have substantially altered many conventional concepts about descended testis. The disease can no longer be viewed solely as a mechanical problem in descent, and there is an increasingly greater emphasis being placed upon the early resolution of the disorder in an effort to maximize ultimate testicular function. In this brief review, some of the controversies and current philosophies regarding this subject are explored. THE ENDOCRINOLOGIC QUESTION Although etiologic considerations in cryptorchidism have always included the possibility of inadequate hormonal stimulation, this concept has generally been overshadowed by one that emphasizes mechanical impediment to descent. This viewpoint seemed justified by the fact that endocrine therapy had never yielded more than modest results and by the feeling that it was difficult to account for unilateral cryptorchidism on the basis of a generalized endocrinopathy. After all, "if inadequate hormonal stimulation were the cause of maldescent of one testis, why did the other one descend?" The recent work of Job and associates in Paris, however, has shattered many of these arguments with the revelation that endocrine abnormalities can indeed be identified in patients with cryptorchidism and that furthermore these abnormalities canbe identified in patients with unilateral cryptorchidism as well as in those with bilateral disease.

Revisiting Spivak’s “Can the Subaltern Speak” through the lens of affect theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michalinos Zembylas
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Affect Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Liberal Culture ◽  
Lauren Berlant ◽  
Theoretical Developments

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to revisit Spivak’s seminal essay “Can the Subaltern Speak” and the perennial challenges of researchers to collect information about the Other, focusing on the recent developments in affect theory.Design/methodology/approachThe paper brings into the conversation the recent work on affect and sentimentality by Lauren Berlant with Spivak’s claims in the essay concerning the representation of the subaltern by scholars and researchers. The paper draws on Berlant’s work to trouble the liberal culture of “true feeling” as well as the liberal subject implied in Spivak’s essay as a subject who is “actively speaking.”FindingsRecent theoretical developments on the affect theory make an important intervention to the perennial methodological tensions about representation, ontology and epistemology – as raised by Spivak and others over the years – and inspire new ways of thinking with the tools of doing qualitative research.Originality/valueBringing into the conversation, the affect theory and Spivak’s iconic essay have important methodological implications for qualitative research.

Comparative Area Studies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Berg-Schlosser
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Area Studies ◽  
International Context ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Cross Area Studies ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Area studies have undergone significant changes over the last two decades. They have been transformed from mostly descriptive accounts in the international context of the Cold War to theory-oriented and methodological analytical approaches. More recent comparative methods such as “Qualitative Comparative Analysis” (QCA) and related approaches, which are particularly suitable for medium N studies, have significantly contributed to this development. This essay discusses the epistemological background of this approach as well as recent developments. It provides two examples of current “cross area studies,” one concerned with successful democratic transformations across four regions (Africa, Eastern Europe, Latin America, and East Asia), the other with political participation in marginalized settlements in four countries (Brazil, Chile, Ivory Coast, Kenya) in a multilevel analysis. The conclusion points to the theoretical promises of this approach and its practical-political relevance.

Extending Epistemic Virtue

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Battaly
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Virtue Epistemology ◽  
Extended Cognition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Epistemic Virtue ◽  
Virtue Responsibilism

What would happen if extended cognition (EC) and virtue-responsibilism (VR) were to meet? Are they compatible, or incompatible? Do they have projects in common? Would they, as it were, end their meeting early, or stick around but run out of things to say? Or, would they hit it off? This chapter suggests that VR and EC are not obviously incompatible, and that each might fruitfully contribute to the other. Although there has been an explosion of recent work at the intersection of virtue epistemology and EC, this work has focused almost exclusively on the reliabilist side of virtue epistemology. Little has been said about the intersection of VR and EC. This chapter takes initial steps toward filling that gap.

Recent Developments in the Evolution of Morphologies and Controllers for Physically Simulated Creatures

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Taylor ◽  
Colm Massey
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Original Work ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Parallel Computer ◽  
Connection Machine ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Body Shapes

Karl Sims' work [25, 26] on evolving body shapes and controllers for three-dimensional, physically simulated creatures generated wide interest on its publication in 1994. The purpose of this article is threefold: (a) to highlight a spate of recent work by a number of researchers in replicating, and in some cases extending, Sims' results using standard PCs (Sims' original work was done on a Connection Machine CM-5 parallel computer). In particular, a re-implementation of Sims' work by the authors will be described and discussed; (b) to illustrate how off-the-shelf physics engines can be used in this sort of work, and also to highlight some deficiencies of these engines and pitfalls when using them; and (c) to indicate how these recent studies stand in respect to Sims' original work.

Part 2. The deeper structure of the Atlantic - Geological hypotheses and the earth's crust under the oceans

1954 ◽  
Vol 222 (1150) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ocean Floor ◽  
Peridotite Xenoliths ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Southern Rhodesia ◽  
Mohorovičić Discontinuity

Recent work has determined the depth of the Mohorovičić discontinuity at sea and has made it likely that peridotite xenoliths in basaltic volcanic rocks are samples of material from below the discontinuity. It is now possible to produce a hypothetical section showing the transition from a continent to an ocean. This section is consistent with both the seismic and gravity results. The possible reactions of the crust to changes in the total volume of sea water are dis­cussed. It seems possible that the oceans were shallower and the crust thinner in the Archean than they are now. If this were so, some features of the oldest rocks of Canada and Southern Rhodesia could be explained. Three processes are described that might lead to the formation of oceanic ridges; one of these involves tension, one compression and the other quiet tectonic conditions. It is likely that not all ridges are formed in the same way. It is possible that serpentization of olivine by water rising from the interior of the earth plays an important part in producing changes of level in the ocean floor and anomalies in heat flow. Finally, a method of reducing gravity observations at sea is discussed.

scholarly journals Theology at Thresholds: Learning from a Practice ‘In Transition’

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Muers ◽  
Rhiannon Grant
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Theological Ethics ◽  
Reciprocal Influence ◽  
Core Practices ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Collective Process ◽  
The One ◽  
Over Time

Recent developments in contemporary theology and theological ethics have directed academic attention to the interrelationships of theological claims, on the one hand, and core community-forming practices, on the other. This article considers the value for theology of attending to practice at the boundaries, the margins, or, as we prefer to express it, the threshold of a community’s institutional or liturgical life. We argue that marginal or threshold practices can offer insights into processes of theological change – and into the mediation between, and reciprocal influence of, ‘church’ and ‘world’. Our discussion focuses on an example from contemporary British Quakerism. ‘Threshing meetings’ are occasions at which an issue can be ‘threshed out’ as part of a collective process of decision-making. Drawing on a 2015 small-scale study (using a survey and focus group) of British Quaker attitudes to and experiences of threshing meetings, set in the wider context of Quaker tradition, we interpret these meetings as a space for working through – in context and over time – tensions within Quaker theology, practice and self-understandings, particularly those that emerge within, and in relation to, core practices of Quaker decision-making.

Alignment, persuasiveness and the putative reader in opinion writing

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-273
Author(s):  
Peter R. R. White
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
English Language ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
The Other ◽  
Virtual Model ◽  
Language Version ◽  
Yasukuni Shrine ◽  
Beliefs And Attitudes ◽  
China Daily ◽  
Opinion Writing

Abstract This paper explores a new line of analysis for comparing opinion writing by reference to differences in the relationships being indicated between author and addressee. It draws on recent work within the appraisal framework literature to offer proposals for linguistics-based analyses of what has variously been termed the ‘intended’, ‘imagined’, ‘ideal’, ‘virtual’, ‘model’, ‘implied’ and ‘putative’ reader (the ‘reader written into the text’). A discussion is provided of those means by which beliefs, attitudes and expectations are projected onto this ‘reader in the text’, formulations which signal anticipations that the reader either shares the attitude or belief currently being advanced by the author, potentially finds it novel or otherwise problematic, or may reject it outright. The discussion is conducted with respect to written, persuasive texts, and specifically with respect to news journalism’s commentary pieces. It is proposed that such texts can usefully be characterised and compared by reference to tendencies in such ‘construals’ or ‘positionings’ of the putative reader – tendencies in terms of whether the signalled anticipation is of the reader being aligned or, conversely, potentially unaligned or dis-aligned with the author. The terms ‘flag waving’ and ‘advocacy’ are proposed as characterisations which can be applied to texts, with ‘flag waving’ applicable to texts which construe the reader as largely sharing the author’s beliefs and attitudes, while ‘advocacy’ is applicable to texts where the reader is construed as actually or potentially not sharing the author’s beliefs and attitudes and thereby needing to be won over. This line of analysis is demonstrated through a comparison of two journalistic opinion pieces written in response to visits by Japanese politicians to the Yasukuni Shrine in Tokyo, one published in the English-language version of the mainland China newspaper, China Daily and one in the English-language version of the Japanese Asahi Shimbun. It is shown that one piece can usefully be characterised as oriented towards ‘flag waving’ and the other towards ‘advocacy’.

Faith and Goodness

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 167-191
Author(s):  
Eleonore Stump
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alvin Plantinga ◽  
Belief In God ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Richard Swinburne ◽  
The Relationship

Recent work on the subject of faith has tended to focus on the epistemology of religious belief, considering such issues as whether beliefs held in faith are rational and how they may be justified. Richard Swinburne, for example, has developed an intricate explanation of the relationship between the propositions of faith and the evidence for them. Alvin Plantinga, on the other hand, has maintained that belief in God may be properly basic, that is, that a belief that God exists can be part of the foundation of a rational noetic structure. This sort of work has been useful in drawing attention to significant issues in the epistemology of religion, but these approaches to faith seem to me also to deepen some long-standing perplexities about traditional Christian views of faith.

On the Bases and Possibilities of a Scientific Psychology and Classification in Mental Disease

1899 ◽  
Vol 45 (189) ◽  
pp. 257-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Lloyd Andriezen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Biological Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Psychology ◽  
Scientific Psychology ◽  
Herbert Spencer ◽  
Recent Developments

Since the middle of the nineteenth century psychology has gradually come to be recognised as a branch of biological science. This is due to the influence of the works of Darwin and Herbert Spencer, of the Clinical and Neurological School of Meynert, Golgi, Cajal, Flechsig, and others, and recent developments in the Psychometric School of Fechner and Wundt on the other. The Alienistic School can render powerful aid to this movement; and though there are indications of the current in the proper direction, as shown more particularly in the work of Mercier (1) and Bevan Lewis (2), the end, however, cannot as yet be said to have been achieved, nor the movement to have become general. Psychology still lingers on the borderland of metaphysics; it has not yet been established on the firm rock of natural science. And while it thus lingers progress in knowledge is slow and restricted.

IV.—On some Freshwater Mollusca from the Pliocene Deposits of East Anglia

1911 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 401-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Kennard ◽  
B. B. Woodward
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
Correct Determination

Non-marine Mollusca are extremely rare in the Pliocene deposits of this country, which fact must always be a matter of regret to the Palæontologist, since they are of the utmost importance in connexion with the origin of our present fauna. Unfortunately, in addition to their rarity, they are often decorticated or fragmentary, whence no doubt the differences in opinion as to their correct determination. A re-examination of all the available material has convinced us that there is still much to be done before it will be possible to reach finality. In these matters so much depends on one's standpoint. If one starts with the preconceived idea that the Pliocene shells must be identical with the recent forms, it is easy enough to identify them, even if one has to go to Japan or Greenland to find its present habitat. If, on the other hand, one considers it better to study carefully the results of recent work on other branches of the fauna, it is obvious that different results will be arrived at. Hence we are quite prepared for any differences of opinion as to the correctness of our views or the wisdom of creating four new species, as we now venture to do.

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