scholarly journals Comparative analysis of incidence of leptospirosis among farm animals and humans in Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Ukhovskyi ◽  
N. B. Vydayko ◽  
G. B. Aliekseieva ◽  
M. V. Bezymennyi ◽  
I. M. Polupan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Etiological Factor ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
The World ◽  
Etiological Spectrum ◽  
Choropleth Maps ◽  
Cattle Herds

Leptospirosis remains one of the most widespread natural-focal, zoonotic infectious diseases in the world and in Ukraine. Leptospirosis is enzootic in the entire territory of Ukraine. Cases of diseases are registered in all regions of Ukraine. We initiated a study of comparative analysis of territorial distribution of leptospirosis outbreaks among animals and incidence in humans in Ukraine covering the years 2009–2016 inclusive. This study of the incidence of leptospirosis in Ukraine shows a significant circulation of leptospirosis both among humans and animals. Among cattle herds in Ukraine the percentage of positive animals was found to be 4.2% of the surveyed population. The dominant serovars of Leptospira were kabura (12.4%) and polonica (9.5%). Positive reactions with other serovars were observed less frequently: tarassovi – 5.1%, bratislava – 4.9%, copenhageni – 4.1%, grippotyphosa – 2.4%, pomona – 1.1%, canicola – 1.0%. In pigs, the percentage of positive animals amounted to 3.2%, the dominant serovars of Leptospira were bratislava (29.1%) and copenhageni (25.1%). Positive reactions with other serovars were observed less frequently: tarassovi – 4.3%, canicola – 3.0%, pomona – 2.7%, grippotyphosa – 1.3%, polonica – 1.2%, kabura – 0.6%. In horses, the percentage of positive animals amounted to 9.5% of the surveyed population. The serological range of Leptospira in horses was as follows: copenhageni – 14.2%, bratislava – 12.1%, canicola – 6.8%, grippotyphosa – 4.8%, tarassovi – 4.7%, pomona – 2.1%, kabura – 1.4%, polonica – 1.3%. Analysis of the results of research indicates extensive circulation of leptospirosis among humans in Ukraine as evidenced by the percentage of humans positively responding to MAT – 12.1% of the studied samples. The etiological structure of leptospirosis cases includes all the 14 serovars of the diagnostic set. The basis of the etiological spectrum was the serovar copenhageni – 37.3%. The share of other serovars as the etiological factor of leptospirosis in humans was different in different spans of the considered period. Most frequently, those were kabura – 12.3%, grippotyphosa – 11.7%, canicola – 9.5%, pomona – 9.1%. We mapped annual incidence of leptospirosis in animals and humans. Choropleth maps of annual leptospirosis incidence and cluster maps show opposite spatial patterns for animals and humans. The highest human rates were in the western and central parts of the country while the highest animal rates were mainly in the eastern part.

Russian Policy of Agriculture Support and the Necessity of Its Modification after WTO Accession

2012 ◽  
pp. 132-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Uzun
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Wto Accession ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Agriculture Support

The article deals with the features of the Russian policy of agriculture support in comparison with the EU and the US policies. Comparative analysis is held considering the scales and levels of collective agriculture support, sources of supporting means, levels and mechanisms of support of agricultural production manufacturers, its consumers, agrarian infrastructure establishments, manufacturers and consumers of each of the principal types of agriculture production. The author makes an attempt to estimate the consequences of Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organization based on a hypothesis that this will result in unification of the manufacturers and consumers’ protection levels in Russia with the countries that have long been WTO members.

The World Economic Forum Principles on "Climate Governance on Corporate Boards": can soft law help to face climate change around the world?

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
Sabrina Bruno
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Financial Factor ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic

Climate change is a financial factor that carries with it risks and opportunities for companies. To support boards of directors of companies belonging to all jurisdictions, the World Economic Forum issued in January 2019 eight Principlescontaining both theoretical and practical provisions on: climate accountability, competence, governance, management, disclosure and dialogue. The paper analyses each Principle to understand scope and managerial consequences for boards and to evaluate whether the legal distinctions, among the various jurisdictions, may undermine the application of the Principles or, by contrast, despite the differences the Principles may be a useful and effective guidance to drive boards' of directors' conduct around the world in handling climate change challenges. Five jurisdictions are taken into consideration for this comparative analysis: Europe (and UK), US, Australia, South Africa and Canada. The conclusion is that the WEF Principles, as soft law, is the best possible instrument to address boards of directors of worldwide companies, harmonise their conduct and effectively help facing such global emergency.

THE TIMURID PERIOD FROM THE HISTORY OF THE FINE ARTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Ulug'bek Kuryazov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The article examines the works of scholars in the study of the history of fine arts, in particular miniatures of the Amir Temur era and temurids. Special attention is paid to the history of the creativity of Mirak Nakkosh and the outstanding miniaturist Kamoliddin Behzod. A comparative analysis of several miniature works is given. As well as analyzed some miniatures stored in the collections of museums and libraries of the world

Humans, common household pets and farm animals can theoretically mutually infect each other with SARS-CoV-2 and develop the COVID-19 pathology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Metere
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
The World

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is spreading fast throughout the world, and often the new cases are reported as community spread, which means that it is not possible to identify a specific cause for contagion. Household pets and farm animals live closely to humans and even if currently there is no empirical evidence of animal to human transmission, it has not been reported yet if transmission is in principle possible. This work addresses such hypothesis, confirming that transmission is theoretically possible, and highly likely to occur between humans and mammals. Less likely or not likely at all between humans and birds. Further research is needed to validate the birds to humans transmission. -- THIS ARTICLE IS CURRENTLY BEING EXPANDED AND REVISED --

Organization of restrictive quarantine measures to prevent especially dangerous infections

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Petr Ilyin
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
International Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Health Regulations

Especially dangerous infections (EDIs) belong to the conditionally labelled group of infectious diseases that pose an exceptional epidemic threat. They are highly contagious, rapidly spreading and capable of affecting wide sections of the population in the shortest possible time, they are characterized by the severity of clinical symptoms and high mortality rates. At the present stage, the term "especially dangerous infections" is used only in the territory of the countries of the former USSR, all over the world this concept is defined as "infectious diseases that pose an extreme threat to public health on an international scale." Over the entire history of human development, more people have died as a result of epidemics and pandemics than in all wars combined. The list of especially dangerous infections and measures to prevent their spread were fixed in the International Health Regulations (IHR), adopted at the 22nd session of the WHO's World Health Assembly on July 26, 1969. In 1970, at the 23rd session of the WHO's Assembly, typhus and relapsing fever were excluded from the list of quarantine infections. As amended in 1981, the list included only three diseases represented by plague, cholera and anthrax. However, now annual additions of new infections endemic to different parts of the earth to this list take place. To date, the World Health Organization (WHO) has already included more than 100 diseases in the list of especially dangerous infections.

Analysis of incidence of cadets studying in one climate region according to priority classes of diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
R. Rakhmanov ◽  
E. Bogomolova ◽  
A. Tarasov ◽  
S. Zaytseva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Climatic Region ◽  
Climate Region ◽  
Military Schools

Comparative analysis of the incidence was conducted for the leading classes – “Respiratory diseases” and “Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue” – among cadets of two military schools studying in the same climatic region. General features in prevalence, indicators, structure, trends by years of study, and general features in the seasonality of increase in annual incidence are revealed. Role of the influence of synergistic risk factors for health is determined.

Comparative analysis and interpretation of grace and grace-fo data

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Konstantin Simonov ◽  
◽  
Alexander Matsulev
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Data Archive ◽  
Space Systems ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Digital Maps ◽  
The World ◽  
Grace Mission ◽  
Anomalous State

The study is devoted to the analysis of the features of the change in the Equivalent Water Height (EWH) parameter over the geoid based on satellite measurements of space systems. The study used the GRACE and GRACE-FO satellite data archive. The assessment was carried out on Earth as a whole, including land areas and the World Ocean. Interpretation of the anomalous state of the geoenvironment is performed using digital maps of the spatial distribution of the EWH parameter based on the histogram approach and correlation analysis. Also, a comparative analysis of the studied data from the GRACE mission and data from the new GRACE-FO satellite system launched into orbit in the summer of 2018 was carried out.

1+1 > 2: Integration of the Host-directed Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Virus-targeted Modern Medicine in Control of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Jianjun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
The World ◽  
Plausible Mechanism

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused millions of infections and hundreds of thousands deaths in the world. The pandemic is still ongoing and no specific antivirals have been found to control COVID-19. The integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine with supportive measures of Modern Medicine has reportedly played an important role in the control of COVID-19 in China. This review summarizes the evidence of TCM in the treatment of COVID-19 and discusses the plausible mechanism of TCM in control of COVID-19 and other viral infectious diseases.

Impact of Globalisation on Pandemics: A comparative study on SARS and Covid-19 (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Johann And Devika
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Close Relationship

BACKGROUND Since November 2019, Covid - 19 has spread across the globe costing people their lives and countries their economic stability. The world has become more interconnected over the past few decades owing to globalisation and such pandemics as the Covid -19 are cons of that. This paper attempts to gain deeper understanding into the correlation between globalisation and pandemics. It is a descriptive analysis on how one of the factors that was responsible for the spread of this virus on a global scale is globalisation. OBJECTIVE - To understand the close relationship that globalisation and pandemics share. - To understand the scale of the spread of viruses on a global scale though a comparison between SARS and Covid -19. - To understand the sale of globalisation present during SARS and Covid - 19. METHODS A descriptive qualitative comparative analysis was used throughout this research. RESULTS Globalisation does play a significant role in the spread of pandemics on a global level. CONCLUSIONS - SARS and Covid - 19 were varied in terms of severity and spread. - The scale of globalisation was different during the time of SARS and Covid - 19. - Globalisation can be the reason for the faster spread in Pandemics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document