scholarly journals Foreign Delegations in Dnipropetrovsk City and Dnipropetrovska Oblast in 1945–1959

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Olga Kakovkina
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Foreign Presence ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The City

The purpose of the article is to figure out the features of a foreign presence in the city and the region during 1945–1959, its intensity and content on the example of the visit of foreign delegations – from the end of the World War II, as a result of which the political map of Europe and the world, the content of international relations have changed, to the assignment to Dnipropetrovsk the status of a conditionally closed city in August 1959, which led to the prohibition of its visit by foreigners until 1987.Research methods: historical-chronological, comparative.Main results: One of the aspects of foreign presence in the region is revealed on the example of target groups, which, as a rule, came at the invitation of public organizations, as well as certain departments. Some features of visiting the region by foreign delegations, quantitative indicators, the composition of individual groups, residence programs, service problems were identified. It was found that a certain limit in visiting foreigners to the region, as well as in the whole USSR, was 1953, when, as a result of the liberalization of the foreign policy of the Soviet leadership, the foreign presence in the region became more massive and public. Dnipropetrovsk and the surrounding areas, along with Kyiv, Kharkiv, Zaporizhzhya, were one of the visiting points. The purpose of its visits was to familiarize with the Soviet reality for the formation of a certain image of the USSR, to demonstrate the "advantages" of the Soviet model, and, therefore caused a significant ideological load of programs and strict control by the party bodies. Since the mid-1950s, with the intensive development of international economic relations in the region, primarily in heavy industry, the number of delegations with production targets had been growing. The economic component of relations dominated the tourism sector, which almost did not cover the Dnipropetrovsk region, given the formation of closed industries. In conclusion, it was noted that already at the stage of late Stalinism, the city and region were a significant part of the international presentation of the USSR and Ukraine. However, the stay of foreign groups revealed significant problems in their service due to material difficulties, lack of experience and personnel, and the specifics of organizing admissions under conditions of totalitarian state.Practical significance: the article recommended for the practice of teaching and research regional and urban history.Originality: sources that were first introduced to scientific circulation were used – the Central State Archive of the Public Organizations of Ukraine, the State Archive of the Dnipropetrovsk Region (oblastʼ) and regional periodicals of the period.Scientific novelty: the issue of the presence of foreign delegations in the Dnipropetrovsk region during 1945–1959 was considered, the problem of the place of Dnipropetrovsk region, Dnipropetrovsk in the system of international relations of Ukraine of the totalitarian period was determined.Article type: explanation.

Sovereignty at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard V. Smith
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International System ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Great Power ◽  
World War ◽  
Treaty Of Versailles ◽  
The World ◽  
Paris Peace Conference

We have long known that the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 “failed” in the sense that it did not prevent the outbreak of World War II. This book investigates not whether the conference succeeded or failed, but the historically specific international system it created. It explores the rules under which that system operated, and the kinds of states and empires that inhabited it. Deepening the dialogue between history and international relations theory makes it possible to think about sovereignty at the conference in new ways. Sovereignty in 1919 was about remaking “the world”—not just determining of answers demarcating the international system, but also the questions. Most histories of the Paris Peace Conference stop with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles with Germany on June 28, 1919. This book considers all five treaties produced by the conference as well as the Treaty of Lausanne with Turkey in 1923. It is organized not chronologically or geographically, but according to specific problems of sovereignty. A peace based on “justice” produced a criminalized Great Power in Germany, and a template problematically applied in the other treaties. The conference as sovereign sought to “unmix” lands and peoples in the defeated multinational empires by drawing boundaries and defining ethnicities. It sought less to oppose revolution than to instrumentalize it. The League of Nations, so often taken as the supreme symbol of the conference’s failure, is better considered as a continuation of the laboratory of sovereignty established in Paris.

scholarly journals The role of Anglo-German Naval Agreement in escalation of crisis trends of the Versailles system (based on the materials of new archival documents)

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Alexander Naumov
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
World War ◽  
Systemic Mechanism ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
Archival Documents

This article reviews the role of Anglo-German Naval Agreement of 1935 in escalation of crisis trends of the Versailles system. Leaning on the British Russian archival documents, which recently became available for the researchers, the author analyzes the reasons and consequences of conclusion of this agreement between the key European democratic power and Nazi Reich. Emphasis is placed on analyzing the moods within the political elite of the United Kingdom. It is proven that the agreement became a significant milestone in escalation of crisis trends in the Versailles model of international relations. It played a substantial role in establishment of the British appeasement policy with regards to revanchist powers in the interbellum; policy that objectively led to disintegration of the created in 1919 systemic mechanism, and thus, the beginning of the World War II. The novelty of this work is substantiated by articulation of the problem. This article is first within the Russian and foreign historiography to analyze execution of the Anglo-German Naval Agreement based on the previously unavailable archival materials. The conclusion is made that this agreement played a crucial role in the process of disintegration of interbellum system of international relations. Having officially sanctioned the violation of the articles of the Versailles Treaty of 1919 by Germany, Great Britain psychologically reconciled to the potential revenge of Germany, which found reflection in the infamous appeasement policy. This launched the mechanism for disruption of status quo that was established after the World War I in Europe. This resulted in collapse of the architecture of international security in the key region of the world, rapid deterioration of relations between the countries, and a new world conflict.

A Study on the Comprehensive Development Plan for the City of Akita and Urbanization in Akita, after the World War II

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 499-504
Author(s):  
Yoichi Miura ◽  
Shinichi Kitamura ◽  
Toshiyuki Hanaoka ◽  
Koshiro Shimizu ◽  
Kazuhiro Kimura
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Development Plan ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
The City

The VC Office and the Concentration of Capital

2020 ◽  
pp. 104-139
Author(s):  
Sharon Zukin
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Venture Capitalists ◽  
Wall Street ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
Bases Of Power ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Business Establishment ◽  
The City

Profiling New York–based venture capitalists and VC firms that have been established in the city since the early 2000s, the chapter examines their risky but privileged perch between Wall Street and Silicon Valley. Interviews with VCs are juxtaposed with the post–World War II history of venture capital as a distinctive form of investment and management. The VCs’ equally distinctive commitment to New York is then contrasted with the increasing geographical dispersal of their investment funds to other regions of the world. Meanwhile, the integration of some corporate and VC members of the tech “community” into New York’s business establishment suggests the formation of a local tech-financial elite, updating C. Wright Mills’s critique of the institutional bases of power.

Renovation Concept of Liepaja City Centre Construction after World War II

2015 ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Silvija Ozola
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
City Council ◽  
City Centre ◽  
World War ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The World ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The City ◽  
The Rose

The port city Liepaja had gained recognition in Europe and the world by World War I. On the coast of the Baltic Sea a resort developed, to which around 1880 a wide promenade – Kurhaus Avenue provided a functional link between the finance and trade centre in Old Liepaja. On November 8, 1890 the building conditions for Liepaja, developed according to the sample of Riga building regulations, were partly confirmed: the construction territory was divided into districts of wooden and stone buildings. In 1888 after the reconstruction of the trade canal Liepaja became the third most significant port in the Russian Empire. The railway (engineer Gavriil Semikolenov; 1879) and metal bridges (engineers Huten and Ruktesel; 1881) across the trade canal provided the link between Old Liepaja and the industrial territory in New Liepaja, where industrial companies and building of houses developed in the neighbourhood of the railway hub, but in spring 1899 the construction of a ten-kilometre long street electric railway line and power station was commenced. Since September 25 the tram movement provided a regular traffic between Naval Port (Latvian: Karosta), the residential and industrial districts in New Liepaja and the city centre in Old Liepaja. In 1907 the construction of the ambitious “Emperor Alexander’s III Military Port” and maritime fortress was completed, but already in the following year the fortress was closed. In the new military port there were based not only the navy squadrons of the Baltic Sea, but also the Pacific Ocean before sending them off in the war against Japan. The development of Liepaja continued: promenades, surrounded by Dutch linden trees, joined squares and parks in one united plantation system. On September 20, 1910 Liepaja City Council made a decision to close the New Market and start modernization of the city centre. In 1911 Liepaja obtained its symbol – the Rose Square. In the independent Republic of Latvia the implementation of the agrarian reform was started and the task to provide inhabitants with flats was set. Around 1927 in the Technical Department of Liepaja City the development of the master-plan was started: the territory of the city was divided into the industrial, commercial, residential and resort zone, which was greened. It was planned to lengthen Lord’s (Latvian: Kungu) Street with a dam, partly filling up Lake Liepaja in order to build the water-main and provide traffic with the eastern bank. The passed “Law of City Lands” and “Regulations for City Construction and Development of Construction Plans and Development Procedure” in Latvia Republic in 1928 promoted a gradual development of cities. In 1932 Liepaja received the radio transmitter. On the northern outskirts a sugar factory was built (architect Kārlis Bikše; 1933). The construction of the city centre was supplemented with the Latvian Society House (architect Kārlis Blauss and Valdis Zebauers; 1934-1935) and Army Economical Shop (architect Aleksandrs Racenis), as well as the building of a pawnshop and saving bank (architect Valdis Zebauers; 1936-1937). The hotel “Pēterpils”, which became the property of the municipality in 1936, was renamed as the “City Hotel” and it was rebuilt in 1938. In New Liepaja the Friendly Appeal Elementary school was built (architect Karlis Bikše), but in the Naval Officers Meeting House was restored and it was adapted for the needs of the Red Cross Bone Tuberculosis Sanatorium (architect Aleksandrs Klinklāvs; 1930-1939). The Soviet military power was restored in Latvia and it was included in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. During the World War II buildings in the city centre around the Rose Square and Great (Latvian: Lielā) Street were razed. When the war finished, the “Building Complex Scheme for 1946-1950” was developed for Liepaja. In August 1950 the city was announced as closed: the trade port was adapted to military needs. Neglecting the historical planning of the city, in 1952 the restoration of the city centre building was started, applying standard projects. The restoration of Liepaja City centre building carried out during the post-war period has not been studied. Research goal: analyse restoration proposals for Liepaja City centre building, destroyed during World War II, and the conception appropriate to the socialism ideology and further development of construction.

scholarly journals Sanatoria in the first half of the XX century in the province of Vojvodina

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusanka Dobanovacki ◽  
Milan Breberina ◽  
Bozica Vujosevic ◽  
Marija Pecanac ◽  
Nenad Zakula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
The City

Following the shift in therapy of tuberculosis in the mid-19th century, by the beginning of the 20th century numerous tuberculosis sanatoria were established in Western Europe. Being an institutional novelty in the medical practice, sanatoria spread within the first 20 years of the 20th century to Central and Eastern Europe, including the southern region of the Panonian plain, the present-day Province of Vojvodina in Serbia north of the rivers Sava and Danube. The health policy and regulations of the newly built state - the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians/Yugoslavia, provided a rather liberal framework for introducing the concept of sanatorium. Soon after the World War I there were 14 sanatoria in this region, and the period of their expansion was between 1920 and 1939 when at least 27 sanatoria were founded, more than half of the total number of 46 sanatoria in the whole state in that period. However, only two of these were for pulmonary diseases. One of them was privately owned the open public sanatorium the English-Yugoslav Hospital for Paediatric Osteo-Articular Tuberculosis in Sremska Kamenica, and the other was state-run (at Iriski venac, on the Fruska Gora mountain, as a unit of the Department for Lung Disease of the Main Regional Hospital). All the others were actually small private specialized hospitals in 6 towns (Novi Sad, Subotica, Sombor, Vrbas, Vrsac, Pancevo,) providing medical treatment of well-off, mostly gynaecological and surgical patients. The majority of sanatoria founded in the period 1920-1939 were in or close to the city of Novi Sad, the administrative headquarters of the province (the Danube Banovina at that time) with a growing population. A total of 10 sanatoria were open in the city of Novi Sad, with cumulative bed capacity varying from 60 to 130. None of these worked in newly built buildings, but in private houses adapted for medical purpose in accordance with legal requirements. The decline of sanatoria in Vojvodina began with the very outbreak of the World War II and they never regained their social role. Soon after the Hungarian fascist occupation the majority of owners/ founders were terrorized and forced to close their sanatoria, some of them to leave country and some were even killed or deported to concentration camps.

scholarly journals Russia and the World: 2021. Annual Forecast: Economy and Foreign Policy

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
World Economy ◽  
National Research Institute ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
The Usa

The report “Russia and the World: 2021. Annual Forecast: Economy and Foreign Policy” continues the series of yearly publications of the Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO) and Foundation for Prospective Studies and Initiatives. It consists of two parts: “Economy” and “Foreign Policy”. Part I focuses upon Russian foreign trade-economic relations and analysis and forecast of the world (Russia, Europe, the USA, Japan, India) economic trends in 2020-2021, including international financial markets and main Russian export markets. The report is based on the decades long IMEMO experience in forecast research. Part II presents the forecast of international relations for 2021, it analyzes main challenges for Russia and options to respond them.

scholarly journals Implications of the Repertoire of Croatian National Theatre in Mostar 1993-2005.

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3(16)) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Tina L ◽  
Kristian Pandža
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Institution ◽  
National Theatre ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

Croatian National Theatre in Mostar is a relatively new cultural institution when compared to other theatrical institutions. Turbulent incidents of newer Bosnian and Herzegovinian history, as well as historical, political and social changes, left their marks on all levels of the city of Mostar. Therefore, the repertoire of this Theatre, since it has been founded in 1994 (and was primarily named as „War Scene“), needs to be critically analyzed not only in relation to the reality of political and national occurrences of that period but also in comparison with theatrological specificities after the World War II. This paper questions the Theatre’s repertoire under those terms from 1993 to 2005.

scholarly journals Trade Correspondence between Kumyk Feudal Lords with the Russian Military Administration in the Caucasus in the 1740’s–1760’s (Based on the Materials of the Central State Archive of the Republic of Dagestan)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 881-889
Author(s):  
M.-P. B. Abdusalamov
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Military Administration ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
The City

The research was based on the documents of funds 339 "Campaign Office of Lieutenant General A. P. Devits" and 379 "Kizlyar commandant". The documents were obtained from the Central State Archive of the Republic of Dagestan. The paper focuses on the trade correspondence between Kumyk rulers with the Russian military authorities in the Caucasus in the 1740’s–1760’s. The documents of the Campaign Office of Lieutenant General A. P. Devits and the Kizlyar curfew archive illustrate that the trade and economic ties between the Kumyks and Russia grew quite intensive by the middle of the XVIII century. Most part of the material has never been studied before. Kumyk rulers were interested in trade with the city of Kizlyar, as well as other Russian cities. The subsistence economy of Kumykia could not fully provide for the growing domestic needs of the local population, e.g. industrial products. According to their letters to the Kizlyar commandants, the Kumyk rulers sought to create favorable conditions for the local merchants – savdagars – in order to protect them from highway robberies. The gradual integration of the Kumyk lands into the all-Russian market contributed to their economic growth and the development of the productive forces in the region. At the same time, the trade was mutually beneficial. The savdagars imported raw silk, madder, and cotton, which were important for the development of domestic Russian industry.

scholarly journals Children’s Memories of the Leningrad Blockade in the Materials of the Central State Archive of the Udmurt Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-269
Author(s):  
Sergey N. Uvarov
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

The article offers the previously unpublished memoirs of eleven Leningrad residents who were children during the German blockade of the city. All of them were collected in 1998-1999 by Nina Aleksandrovna Koroleva, and are today kept in her collection in the Central State Archive of the Udmurt Republic. After the war, Nina Aleksandrovna came to live in Udmurtia, where she started to record memories about wartime. Conventionally, her documents can be divided into two groups. The first includes the memories of those who were evacuated to Udmurtia during the Great Patriotic War. The second group consists of memories of those who ended up in the republic after the end of the war. All documents are preserved in the author's edition. The memoirs reflect childhood impressions of the siege period. Their authors share their feelings from the beginning of the blockade, and report details of their daily life during the siege; they also reveal the coping strategies of the respective families. Descriptions of the labor conducted by children invite for conclusions about their contribution to the Soviet victory. Very emotional are the reports about the lifting of the blockade. Some memoirs contain details of the evacuation from Leningrad to the mainland. From the perspective of the history of everyday life, the publication of these memoirs expands our knowledge about the Great Patriotic War and, in particular, about the blockade of Leningrad.

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