scholarly journals Historical creations aspects and functioning features of field protective forest plantations in the steppe zone of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
M. S. Yakuba ◽  
V. A. Gorban
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Current State ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Protective Forest

Field protective forest plantings of the steppe zone of Ukraine are one of the most important links in the system of protective forest plantations on arable lands. The presence of well-functioning field protective forest belts is a fundamental condition for efficient agricultural production in the steppe regions of Ukraine. The paper presents the facts about the expediency of creating protective forest belts as an important measure to support the agricultural potential of the steppe zone of Ukraine. The current state of forest belts is analyzed and historical literature information on the creation and prospects of development of protective afforestation in the steppe of Ukraine is presented. The legal aspect of the mode of operation of field protective plantations is highlighted. Given the low forest cover of a large area of Ukraine, the difficult and ambiguous situation of afforestation of forest-deficient areas of the country, the creation of new and preservation of existing protective forest belts in the steppe zone of Ukraine is an extremely important task today. The problem of ensuring the effective functioning of field protective plantations in the conditions of ecological inconsistency of forest vegetation conditions for the existence of woody vegetation in Dnipropetrovsk region, in the zone of weeds-fescue-feathergrass steppes is acute. Against the background of a number of well-known indisputable facts about the positive impact of forest belts on the soil and climatic properties of steppe landscapes, the condition of most existing protective plantations today is unsatisfactory, and some of them – critical. Almost everywhere in Ukraine, in conditions of high plowed lands and the absence of forest strips or their neglected condition, there is a rapid destruction of the upper fertile layer of soil. This leads to soil degradation, reduced yields and causes great economic damage to the country. Mass uncontrolled logging, destruction of protective forest belts, their irrational use and lack of proper care are a critical problem of national scale and may soon turn into an environmental disaster. An acute modern problem in the existence and functioning of forest belts is the solution of the legal regime of field protective tree strips and the introduction of appropriate legislative state regulation. An equally painful problem for field protection strips today is the lack of reliable information about their real condition. Therefore, obtaining a general idea of the current state and dynamics of field protection strips is possible only if they conduct a detailed comprehensive study and conduct a thorough inventory. For successful planning and implementation of measures to increase the forest cover of forest-deficient regions with difficult forest vegetation conditions and create an effective system of protective forest belts should take into account the history and many years of experience in creating forest plantations in the steppe of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Ecological and biological characteristics of restoration with tree plants in the conditions of the Steppe Pridniprovia

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
V. I. Chorna ◽  
L. V. Dotsenko ◽  
N. V. Voroshylova
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
The Other ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Succession Series

The change of forest cover in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast within the framework of the concept of agroforestry reclamation development in Ukraine was investigated. It was established that the forested area in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast is currently about 5%, which does not correspond to the optimal level of forest cover for this area, which is determined at 8%. The increase of forested areas within the surveyed territory was observed because of the two such processes, as reforestation and afforestation. In recent years, these processes have shown a steady downward trend in the number of forested areas. Succession series can be fundamentally different in the reproduction of forest plantations due to reforestation and afforestation. During reforestation, the succession series will be much slower, but it will be able to reach climax stage can due to the fact that the plantations will include indigenous plant species. When fast-growing species will be selected during afforestation, plantations will develop more rapidly, but will be much less stable and need constant care. Thus, the processes of forest plantations development in the Dnipropetrovsk region need significant processing and intensification. Until recently, there was no doubt about the beneficial effects of forest vegetation on air quality.  A large number of wood species can not only emit volatiles, but also absorb in their biomass a significant amount of toxic elements, such as heavy metals, radionuclides and others.  However, recently, due to the large anthropogenic and man-made load on the atmosphere (industrial emissions, transport, pesticides, herbicides, etc.), the process of so-called secondary air pollution has been observed.  This is manifested as follows – woody vegetation absorbs toxic substances, processes them into even more toxic and releases them into the air. Significant impact of forests is also observed on the stability of systems.  It is known that the higher the species diversity – the lower the dominance index, and the more stable the system.  The introduction of new species of woody plants, and behind them new species of fauna increases the diversity of the ecosystem, which is undoubtedly favorable.  But on the other hand, this leads to the extinction of typical steppe species, for example, in forest biogeocenoses live a large number of small predators, and most species of steppe birds nesting on the ground can be easily destroyed by them. Forest vegetation significantly changes the landscape.  Any woody plants in the steppe create an ecotone, ie the zone of contact of different habitats, which increases the species diversity and, in general, alpha diversity of the territory and, consequently, increases its resistance to anthropogenic and man-made loads.  On the other hand, it contributes to the even more intensive disappearance of zonal steppe landscapes, of which there are very few left in the Dnipropetrovsk region due to high population density and a high degree of agricultural development. Forest plantations in the region can be created in two fundamentally different forms – forest belts and forests.  It is clear that the creation of forest belts will be timed to the massifs of agricultural land as their main function is to create an optimal microclimate.  The creation of forests, first of all, should be aimed at increasing and maintaining species diversity, secondly, it will undoubtedly expand the recreational potential of the region, which is currently clearly insufficient. Currently, when creating any of these types of plantations, there are serious environmental miscalculations.  First of all, it is the creation of plantations from allochthonous, that is, from the very beginning species not peculiar to this territory.  As a rule, it is a pine or an acacia white.  These unpretentious breeds grow quite quickly, well acclimatized, which, of course, makes their use more cost-effective and attractive.  But on the other hand, the plantations created from them are much less long-lived than, for example, oak groves typical for this region and, unlike them, require constant care, because they are practically unable to reach menopause.

scholarly journals Assessment of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the state of forest lands of the Novoaleksandrovsk city district of Stavropol region with the use of geoinformation technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-358
Author(s):  
Boris Polushkovsky ◽  
Anna Belova
Keyword(s):  
Forest Belt ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Current State ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
City District ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Characteristics

The article analyzes the possibility of evaluating the current state of forest protection plant in the Stavropol Territory based on remote sensing data. With the help of photogrammetric and kartometric methods, space snapshots are analyzed for the model territory of the Stavropol Territory (Novoaleksandrovsky City District). The use of geo-information technologies allowed us using a cartographic method to estimate the current state of forest belt and determine their qualitative and quantitative characteristics. In the process of digitizing and decrypting, forest belts were divided into categories by destruction. In total, 2524 forest belts with a total area of 10.95 thousand hectares were allocated during the work. As a result, it was possible to assess the qualitative state of the forest belt of the Novoaleksandrovsky urban district and reveal that entire and slightly destroyed protective forest belts are greater than in quantitative terms and in the area they occupy. Further, in the process of the study, the quantitative characteristics of the forest belt were established—the area was determined, and the length and width of all protective forest plantations of the Novoaleksandrovsky urban district was determined and entered into an attribute table. It has been established that the width of most of the protective forest belt (1281 pcs) in the area of the study is from 20 to 30 meters, and 1001 forest belts have a width of more than 30 m. The most common length of forest belt is less than 500 m. (1034 pcs.) and 500–1000 meters (680 pcs.). Square characteristics of protective forest plantations are much more inhomogeneous—so, completely scaffolding was revealed 247 pcs., With a total area of 1058 hectares. Slightly destroyed forest belt 1623 pcs. and their area are 7395 hectares. Significantly destroyed forest belt 41 pcs., with an area of 1734 hectares and fully destroyed—44 pcs., with an area of 213.8 hectares. The proposed research methodology and evaluation of protective forest plantations can be used for other territories of the Stavropol Territory for a more complete study of the state of the region of the region.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF FOREST RECLAMATION IMPROVEMENT ON THE PRODUCTION AREA YIELD IN THE DRY STEPPE ZONE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Silova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Favorable Influence ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: to assess the state of dry steppe agroforestry landscapes in Volgograd region, to analyze changes in the values of the vegetation index of sown areas in relation to the width of the favorable protective effect of forest plantations to identify the possibility of using Earth remote sensing data to assess the yield of arable land in agroforestry landscapes. Materials and methods. The object of research is agroforestry landscapes of the dry steppe zone. The studies were carried out in Kalachevsky district Volgograd region. The research methods are based on the aerospace survey technique in combination with geoinformation technologies, interpretation and computer modeling in agroforestry landscapes. The analysis of arable land and the impact of protective forest plantations on arable land productivity was carried out using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Results. Dynamics of vegetation indices for the period 2017–2019 showed the relationship between the zone of favorable influence of the forest shelter belts and their level of degradation, which affected the state of winter wheat crops grown in the dry steppe zone, namely the NDVI values. The regularity of changes in the vegetation index is monitored when the safety of protective forest plantations changes. It is possible to determine the estimated yield of the field by the regression equations, applying the relationship between the vegetation index and the safety of forest belts, according to their zone of favorable influence. Conclusions: field-protective forest belts with high forest stand preservation form favorable protective conditions in the fields for growing crops at a distance of up to 300 m for the dry-steppe zone of Volgograd region, which is confirmed by high yields in the zone of influence of these forest plantations.

scholarly journals Influence of forest technical measures on the reproduction of rare phytorification in forest ecosystems of the Forest Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Shevchyk ◽  
I. Tymochko ◽  
І. Solomakha
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Protective Forest

An interesting aspect is the issue of acquiring natural features by artificially created tree plantations on the territory of the forest steppe zone of Ukraine. This paper analyzes the conditions of emergence and formation of new habitats rare plant species populations in different types of artificial trees and shrubs of the Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Complexes of natural and anthropogenic factors of necessary conditions creation for realization of this process are defined. The peculiarities of the negative impact of various economic measures on the reduction of the number of individuals of sozophyte plants and even the disappearance of some of their populations are reflected. The peculiarities of the negative impact of various economic measures on the reduction of the sozophyte plants individuals’ number and even the disappearance of some of their populations are reflected. To improve the protection of sozophytes in the forests of the forest steppe zone, it is advisable to review the implementation of certain methods of forest management measures. In particular, it is necessary to completely ban continuous felling in forests of natural origin and the allocation of biofields for natural reforestation. To improve the condition of forest coenoses of protective plantations, including field protective forest strips, it is necessary to conduct a series of experiments with the subsequent development of technology for their coenotic correction in order to increase the general ecological, including phytososological, significance. The implementation of a set of phytomeliorative measures in the creation of protective forest plantations to some extent will help prevent possible climate change, local disasters and will have a positive impact on the processes of crop formation. The creation of sustainable forest plantations will allow the application of environmental protection measures using the regulatory and protective functions of forest ecosystems. Compliance with all these conditions will contribute to the manifestation of various environmental measures for the development and conservation of biological diversity.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF CREATING AN ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF AGRO-LANDSCAPES IN THE TERRITORY OF ALTAI KRAI

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-361
Author(s):  
O.N. Baryshnikova ◽  
A.P. Olfert ◽  
A.G. Repko ◽  
Yu.I. Fatueva
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Network Tree

On the example of the territory of the Altai Krai, the article traces the consequences of destruction of the natural landscapes structure, the creation of artificial elements of their ecological framework of agricultural landscapes, which currently needs restoration and optimization. The thesis is substantiated that the ecological frame of the Altai Krai territory should be as close as possible to the structure of its natural landscapes, which will ensure the productivity of farmland. The most important elements of the ecological framework of forest-steppe and especially steppe landscapes are forest belts, for the creation of which it is necessary to use elements of a water-erosion network, tree species that form a zonal type of vegetation. Creating a system of protective forest plantations in combination with ponds and terrace embankments can increase crop yields up to 25-50 centners per hectare. Landscape planning can serve as a tool for creating an ecological framework for a territory.

scholarly journals CONDITION OF FIELD PROTECTIVE STRIPS IN CONDITIONS OF STEPPE ZONE OF VORONEZH REGION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Zamiusskaya ◽  
V. Koza ◽  
Tat'yana Kramareva
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
The State ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Surface Air Layer

The paper presents the results of studies of protective strips located in the Voronezh region in the Rossoshansky district. The characteristic of biometric data of forest belts of the same age and their dependence on the density of planting, width of strips and row spacing is given. The comparison of the soil, its impact on the growth and development of trees is displayed. The influence of the design of protective forest stands on the temperature of the surface air layer is also shown. The state of the plantings and the factors that adversely affect it are determined: the lack of care measures, deforestation, clutter and the presence of a large number of diseases and pests.

scholarly journals Large planting material employment in the creation and reconstruction of protective forest plantations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Д.Ю. Дручинин ◽  
М.В. Драпалюк
Keyword(s):  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Harvesting Process ◽  
Frost Penetration ◽  
Protective Forest

Обозначена важнейшая роль защитных лесных насаждений в вопросе защиты сельскохозяйственных земель от негативных процессов ветровой и водной эрозии, роста оврагов и значительного промерзания. Рассмотрены существующие конструкции лесных полос, являющихся частью защитных лесных насаждений. Отмечено неудовлетворительное состояние большинства существующих защитных лесополос, вследствие чего необходим ремонт либо реконструкция данных насаждений. Показана перспективность применения крупномерного посадочного материала, пересаживаемого с комом почвы, при выполнении работ по защитному лесоразведению. Представлена разработанная конструкция выкопочной машины. Орудие агрегатируется с трактором и применяется для работы в лесных питомниках, где наблюдается рядное размещение выкапываемых растений. Для повышения эффективности процесса заготовки посадочного материала с возможностью работы под пологом леса разработано технологическое оборудование для выкопки и пересадки крупномерных саженцев, размещаемое на базе гидроманипуляторных установок. Представленные машины могут также применяться для подготовки посадочных мест под посадку ими же выкопанных саженцев. При этом образованное посадочное место будет полностью повторять контуры кома почвы высаживаемого растения. Рассмотрены положения Стратегии развития защитного лесоразведения в Российской Федерации до 2020 года. Выявлена необходимость создания 4 млн га защитных лесных насаждений для устранения негативных процессов эрозии и опустынивания сельскохозяйственных земель и предотвращения дальнейшей деградации агротерриторий. Предложенная технология использования крупномерного посадочного материала в защитном лесоразведении и средства механизации процесса выкопки и пересадки саженцев с комом почвы позволяют повысить эффективность и качество создания, ремонта или реконструкции защитных лесных полос. The most important role of protective forest plantations in the issue of protecting agricultural lands from negative processes of wind and water erosion, ravine growth and frost penetration is indicated. Considered are the existing structures of forest strips that are part of protective forest plantations. The dissatisfactory condition of the many of the existing protective forest strips is noted, as a result of which it is necessary to repair or reconstruct these plantations. The prospects of using large planting material, transplanted with a soil clod, are shown when performing protective afforestation work. The developed plant lifter design is presented. The tool is aggregated with a tractor and is used for work in forest nurseries, where in-line escapement of lifting plants is observed. To improve the efficiency of the planting material harvesting process with the ability to work under the forest canopy, technological equipment has been developed for lifting and transplanting large plantlets, located on the basis of grapple plants. Presented machines can also be used to prepare planting places for planting them with excavated plantlets. In this case, the formed planting place will completely repeat the contours of the plant being planted soil clod. The provisions of the Strategy for the development of protective afforestation in the Russian Federation until 2020 are considered. The need to create 4 million hectares of protective forest plantations for eliminating the negative processes of erosion and desertification of agricultural lands and preventing further degradation of agroterritories was identified. The proposed technology for the use of large planting material in protective afforestation and the means for mechanization of the process of lifting and transplanting plantlets with a soil clod make it possible to improve the efficiency and quality of the creation, repair or reconstruction of protective forest strips.

scholarly journals Decoding of forest belts using satellite images

2021 ◽  
Vol 875 (1) ◽  
pp. 012065
Author(s):  
A V Koshelev ◽  
N A Tkachenko ◽  
M O Shatrovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Forest Belt ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Administrative District ◽  
Horizontal Projection ◽  
Space Images ◽  
Current State ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

Abstract The paper presents the results of decoding the current condition of protective forest plantations of the Volgograd region and their digital inventory mapping on the basis of remote sensing methods and GIS technologies. We have applied a three-level analysis of the system of forest belts located within an administrative district, a farmstead, and a single forest belt. The laboratory visual interpretation of space images has allowed us to analyze the horizontal projection of the forest belts canopy and crowns, their placement in the canopy, as well as pattern and structure. We have also deciphered the signs of the prevailing patterns of tree species mixing. As a result of the research, we have created digital cartographic models of forest belts, compiled digital standards of elm stands in a given age period, assesse taxation and reclamation features of the current state of plantations. The results obtained can be used to monitor the state of plantings and create a local agroforestry GIS.

AGROFORESTRY SOIL SCIENCE: DEVELOPMENT, ACHIEVEMENTS, TASKS

1970 ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
V. M. Kretinin ◽  
K. N. Kulik ◽  
A. V. Koshelev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Effect ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Protective Forest

The article summarizes materials on the development and establishment of a scientific field - agroforestmeliorative soil science. Agroforestmelioration arose in the nineteenth century  based on it, with the active participation of V.V. Dokuchaev, agroforestmeliorative soil science developed as a forest soil science. The factors of soil formation under forest belts, the evolution and polymorphism of soils, the biogeocenotic horizon of the forest litter, soil regimes in the agroforestmelioration landscape, the influence of protective forest plantations on the soil, their role in reducing environmental pollution were studied, agroforestmeliorative zoning of Russia was carried out, and the forest suitability of soils was assessed. The ecological, energy and economic effect of CO2 sequestration from the reclamation effect of protective forest plantations  in Russia in the 20th century was calculated, which amounted to 256 trillion rubles. The cycle and balance of nitrogen and ash elements in the phytomass of field-protecting forest belts of the forest-steppe, steppe, dry-steppe and semi-desert zones of the Russian Federation was studied. The features of the type of cycle of elements are revealed. The average increase in humus in a meter layer of soil under protective forest plantations was 43.26 t/ha, gross nitrogen 2.181, phosphorus 0.704 and potassium 3.462 t/ha and at a distance of 4H from them, respectively, 8.22; 0.423; 0.271 and 2.243 t/ha. It was established that biologized crop rotation in the forest-reclaimed territory in the forest-steppe, steppe and dry-steppe natural zones increase soil yield by 1.9-17.0 points and crop productivity by 4355-9320 MJ/ha per year. For the first time in agroforestmeliorative soil science, materials are presented on changes in soil properties in the butt of tree species, soil reclamation of the phytogenic fields of trees and shrubs. The participation of agroforestmeliorative soil science in agroforestmeliorative agriculture, agroecology is shown. The tasks of agroforestmeliorative soil science for the coming period are proposed.

scholarly journals Conservancy of forest shelter belts in Russia and the Rostov region as one of the factors of transition to a green economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 08110
Author(s):  
Maria Rodina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Natural Death ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Shelter Belts ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Destructive Processes ◽  
Forest Shelter Belts

Today forestry in Russia is going through one of the most difficult periods in its history, which has resulted in decades of extensive wasteful land use. So, change of climate can bring desertification of some territories and various forms of degradation (desertification) cover about 60 percent of the land in the Rostov region, and the rest is potentially dangerous in this regard. The reasons are anthropogenic impact, drought, erosion, deflation. Despite the fact that in recent years Russia has been developing forestry legislation and has taken a course towards the development of sustainable growth and "green" one, the regions are taking measures aimed at protecting lands from degradation and preserving soil fertility, soil-destructive processes and desertification are increasing many times over. An inventory of forest resources in Russia was carried out in 2019 and it showed that the forest cover in Russia tends to decrease, and on the territory of the Rostov region, forest inventory was carried out in 2006, only 40% of all forests were taken into account - about 240 thousand hectares of protective forest plantations, from of them 125.8 thousand hectares are shelter belts. It’s imperative to enact urgent measures for reforestation and landscaping of territories and annually reconstruct forest belts and create new ones to improve environmental conditions in regions with low forest cover, otherwise in 10-15 years their mass natural death may occur.

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