scholarly journals Large planting material employment in the creation and reconstruction of protective forest plantations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Д.Ю. Дручинин ◽  
М.В. Драпалюк
Keyword(s):  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Harvesting Process ◽  
Frost Penetration ◽  
Protective Forest

Обозначена важнейшая роль защитных лесных насаждений в вопросе защиты сельскохозяйственных земель от негативных процессов ветровой и водной эрозии, роста оврагов и значительного промерзания. Рассмотрены существующие конструкции лесных полос, являющихся частью защитных лесных насаждений. Отмечено неудовлетворительное состояние большинства существующих защитных лесополос, вследствие чего необходим ремонт либо реконструкция данных насаждений. Показана перспективность применения крупномерного посадочного материала, пересаживаемого с комом почвы, при выполнении работ по защитному лесоразведению. Представлена разработанная конструкция выкопочной машины. Орудие агрегатируется с трактором и применяется для работы в лесных питомниках, где наблюдается рядное размещение выкапываемых растений. Для повышения эффективности процесса заготовки посадочного материала с возможностью работы под пологом леса разработано технологическое оборудование для выкопки и пересадки крупномерных саженцев, размещаемое на базе гидроманипуляторных установок. Представленные машины могут также применяться для подготовки посадочных мест под посадку ими же выкопанных саженцев. При этом образованное посадочное место будет полностью повторять контуры кома почвы высаживаемого растения. Рассмотрены положения Стратегии развития защитного лесоразведения в Российской Федерации до 2020 года. Выявлена необходимость создания 4 млн га защитных лесных насаждений для устранения негативных процессов эрозии и опустынивания сельскохозяйственных земель и предотвращения дальнейшей деградации агротерриторий. Предложенная технология использования крупномерного посадочного материала в защитном лесоразведении и средства механизации процесса выкопки и пересадки саженцев с комом почвы позволяют повысить эффективность и качество создания, ремонта или реконструкции защитных лесных полос. The most important role of protective forest plantations in the issue of protecting agricultural lands from negative processes of wind and water erosion, ravine growth and frost penetration is indicated. Considered are the existing structures of forest strips that are part of protective forest plantations. The dissatisfactory condition of the many of the existing protective forest strips is noted, as a result of which it is necessary to repair or reconstruct these plantations. The prospects of using large planting material, transplanted with a soil clod, are shown when performing protective afforestation work. The developed plant lifter design is presented. The tool is aggregated with a tractor and is used for work in forest nurseries, where in-line escapement of lifting plants is observed. To improve the efficiency of the planting material harvesting process with the ability to work under the forest canopy, technological equipment has been developed for lifting and transplanting large plantlets, located on the basis of grapple plants. Presented machines can also be used to prepare planting places for planting them with excavated plantlets. In this case, the formed planting place will completely repeat the contours of the plant being planted soil clod. The provisions of the Strategy for the development of protective afforestation in the Russian Federation until 2020 are considered. The need to create 4 million hectares of protective forest plantations for eliminating the negative processes of erosion and desertification of agricultural lands and preventing further degradation of agroterritories was identified. The proposed technology for the use of large planting material in protective afforestation and the means for mechanization of the process of lifting and transplanting plantlets with a soil clod make it possible to improve the efficiency and quality of the creation, repair or reconstruction of protective forest strips.

scholarly journals Experience in the Creation of Forest Plantations Using Container Seedlings

2021 ◽  
pp. 192-200
Author(s):  
Nikita M. Debkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
Container Seedlings ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Tomsk Region ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
The Creation

Intensification of forestry requires the use of modern methods of reforestation, which include the introduction of container planting material. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the survival rate and linear growth of spruce container seedlings depending on the planting site location and the agrotechnical tending. The studies were carried out at the test site located in the Tomsk district of the Tomsk region. It was found that many planting containers store not 1 seedling, but 2–4 pcs and therefore approximately the same quantity of seedlings as in the traditional planting of container planting material. It was revealed that the height of 30–35 % of seedlings fails to fulfill the standard values, which was observed, as a rule, in the planting containers with several plants. According to the autumn inventory data, the height of plantations created by planting seedlings in the furrow bottom (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.0001 > 0.05) reliably differs from the height of plantations of “mound” and “untreated soil” options. In terms of height growth, the options “mound side” and “furrow” have the best performance, also significantly different from the options “mound” and “untreated soil” (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.0001 > 0.05). Survival rate below 85 % was observed in the plantings of the following options: “untreated soil”, “furrow bottom”, and “mound” with agrotechnical tending. The 3-fold tending decreased the survival rate of plantations except for planting in the mound side. Thus, the most successful option of planting is planting in the mound side. For citation: Debkov N.M. Experience in the Creation of Forest Plantations Using Container Seedlings. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 5, pp. 192–200. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-5-192-200

scholarly journals Influence of forest technical measures on the reproduction of rare phytorification in forest ecosystems of the Forest Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Shevchyk ◽  
I. Tymochko ◽  
І. Solomakha
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Protective Forest

An interesting aspect is the issue of acquiring natural features by artificially created tree plantations on the territory of the forest steppe zone of Ukraine. This paper analyzes the conditions of emergence and formation of new habitats rare plant species populations in different types of artificial trees and shrubs of the Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Complexes of natural and anthropogenic factors of necessary conditions creation for realization of this process are defined. The peculiarities of the negative impact of various economic measures on the reduction of the number of individuals of sozophyte plants and even the disappearance of some of their populations are reflected. The peculiarities of the negative impact of various economic measures on the reduction of the sozophyte plants individuals’ number and even the disappearance of some of their populations are reflected. To improve the protection of sozophytes in the forests of the forest steppe zone, it is advisable to review the implementation of certain methods of forest management measures. In particular, it is necessary to completely ban continuous felling in forests of natural origin and the allocation of biofields for natural reforestation. To improve the condition of forest coenoses of protective plantations, including field protective forest strips, it is necessary to conduct a series of experiments with the subsequent development of technology for their coenotic correction in order to increase the general ecological, including phytososological, significance. The implementation of a set of phytomeliorative measures in the creation of protective forest plantations to some extent will help prevent possible climate change, local disasters and will have a positive impact on the processes of crop formation. The creation of sustainable forest plantations will allow the application of environmental protection measures using the regulatory and protective functions of forest ecosystems. Compliance with all these conditions will contribute to the manifestation of various environmental measures for the development and conservation of biological diversity.

scholarly journals Historical creations aspects and functioning features of field protective forest plantations in the steppe zone of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
M. S. Yakuba ◽  
V. A. Gorban
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Current State ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Protective Forest

Field protective forest plantings of the steppe zone of Ukraine are one of the most important links in the system of protective forest plantations on arable lands. The presence of well-functioning field protective forest belts is a fundamental condition for efficient agricultural production in the steppe regions of Ukraine. The paper presents the facts about the expediency of creating protective forest belts as an important measure to support the agricultural potential of the steppe zone of Ukraine. The current state of forest belts is analyzed and historical literature information on the creation and prospects of development of protective afforestation in the steppe of Ukraine is presented. The legal aspect of the mode of operation of field protective plantations is highlighted. Given the low forest cover of a large area of Ukraine, the difficult and ambiguous situation of afforestation of forest-deficient areas of the country, the creation of new and preservation of existing protective forest belts in the steppe zone of Ukraine is an extremely important task today. The problem of ensuring the effective functioning of field protective plantations in the conditions of ecological inconsistency of forest vegetation conditions for the existence of woody vegetation in Dnipropetrovsk region, in the zone of weeds-fescue-feathergrass steppes is acute. Against the background of a number of well-known indisputable facts about the positive impact of forest belts on the soil and climatic properties of steppe landscapes, the condition of most existing protective plantations today is unsatisfactory, and some of them – critical. Almost everywhere in Ukraine, in conditions of high plowed lands and the absence of forest strips or their neglected condition, there is a rapid destruction of the upper fertile layer of soil. This leads to soil degradation, reduced yields and causes great economic damage to the country. Mass uncontrolled logging, destruction of protective forest belts, their irrational use and lack of proper care are a critical problem of national scale and may soon turn into an environmental disaster. An acute modern problem in the existence and functioning of forest belts is the solution of the legal regime of field protective tree strips and the introduction of appropriate legislative state regulation. An equally painful problem for field protection strips today is the lack of reliable information about their real condition. Therefore, obtaining a general idea of the current state and dynamics of field protection strips is possible only if they conduct a detailed comprehensive study and conduct a thorough inventory. For successful planning and implementation of measures to increase the forest cover of forest-deficient regions with difficult forest vegetation conditions and create an effective system of protective forest belts should take into account the history and many years of experience in creating forest plantations in the steppe of Ukraine.

ECONOMIC AND SILVICULTURAL EFFICIENCY OF CREATION OF PROTECTIVE FOREST PLANTATIONS ON STEEP SLOPES

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
P.N. Proyezdov ◽  
◽  
D.A. Mashtakov ◽  
A.N. Avtonomov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Steep Slopes

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF CREATING AN ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF AGRO-LANDSCAPES IN THE TERRITORY OF ALTAI KRAI

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-361
Author(s):  
O.N. Baryshnikova ◽  
A.P. Olfert ◽  
A.G. Repko ◽  
Yu.I. Fatueva
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Network Tree

On the example of the territory of the Altai Krai, the article traces the consequences of destruction of the natural landscapes structure, the creation of artificial elements of their ecological framework of agricultural landscapes, which currently needs restoration and optimization. The thesis is substantiated that the ecological frame of the Altai Krai territory should be as close as possible to the structure of its natural landscapes, which will ensure the productivity of farmland. The most important elements of the ecological framework of forest-steppe and especially steppe landscapes are forest belts, for the creation of which it is necessary to use elements of a water-erosion network, tree species that form a zonal type of vegetation. Creating a system of protective forest plantations in combination with ponds and terrace embankments can increase crop yields up to 25-50 centners per hectare. Landscape planning can serve as a tool for creating an ecological framework for a territory.

scholarly journals Selection of the assortment of trees for protective forest plantations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Petelko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Hydrographic Network

Reclamation of land on community land funds and the hydrographic network contributes to the most effective means of protecting the soil from water erosion. However, the condition, growth, and productivity of the protective forest stands themselves depend on the species composition. Many years of studies have clearly shown that not all tree species and shrubs can successfully grow on washed soils. Extensive scientific material provides a description of the growth and current status of the studied species, a detailed taxation description of the forest plantations. Of particular value are those species that can grow on eroded lands and protect the soil from erosion.

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