scholarly journals STUDY OF STRESS AND STRAIN STATES OF REINFORCEMENT IN RUBBER-METAL PRODUCTS DURING THEIR MANUFACTURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Mikhail Stepanovich Khorolskyi ◽  
Anatoliy Fedorovich Sanin
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Strain State ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Reinforcing Steel ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Metal Bonding ◽  
Metal Products ◽  
Thin Walled

Stress and strain states are typical for rubber-to-metal bonding areas in the rubber-metal products developed specifically for the space industry, particularly those with thin-walled reinforcement, i.e. dampers and brackets. To achieve maximum rubber adhesion to metal, 80-120 µm shot or aluminum oxide blasting at the air pressure of 0.6-0.8 MPa is applied to the reinforcing steel of straight or any other shape. The blasting process causes an improvement in the hardness of the material by strain hardening, which results in the backward deformation of the reinforcement. After the blasting process, the reinforcing steel changes its geometry and stress and strain state. A new equilibrium state appears. Rubber-metal products are typically cast under pressure using press molds by vulcanizing a rubber mix at high temperatures. Bonding rubber to metal using an adhesive takes place simultaneously. During the molding process, the deformed reinforcement returns to its original shape once the pressure is applied and preserves its shape for some time due to strong rubber-to-metal bonds. Yet, after the rubber-metal product is taken out of the mold, the stress and strain state emerges in the rubber-to-metal bonding area, as the reinforcing steel wants to return to its equilibrium state. With the relaxation developing as time passes, delamination of the rubber-to-metal system occurs and the product can no longer be used. As a result of our research, we determined the relationship between the strength of the rubber-to-metal adhesion and the deformation using standard samples and proposed the methods of the stress and strain state simulation that can be used for development of new technologies enabling manufacturing of rubber-metal products with no or small stress and strain levels. The paper outlines the key approaches to relieving the stress and strain states in the rubber-metal products with thin-walled reinforcement. Using the standard samples, we proved that relieving of the stress and strain state will ensure product operability during the entire period of warranty.

Effect of pipe expansion on the redistribution of residual stresses after molding

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-126
Author(s):  
Nikolay A. Makhutov ◽  
◽  
Dmitry A. Neganov ◽  
Eugeny P. Studenov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Strain Distribution ◽  
Strain State ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Cylindrical Shape ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Pipe Expansion ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Residual Deformations ◽  
Stress And Strain Distribution

In the factory, pipes for trunk oil and oil product pipelines are obtained by molding and welding. To ensure a cylindrical shape and reduce technological residual stresses, expansion technology is used. Pipe expansion causes a significant change in the values of residual deformations and stresses. The article presents both the calculation results and graphs regarding stress and strain distribution during bending of the stock and their redistribution after expansion. Based on the calculation results, the final total values of residual stresses and residual deformations caused by bending and expansion were stated to be important components of the stress-strain state observed in pipelines being operated under cyclic loading, as well as those used in assessing how degradation affects the ductility of the pipe material. These factors were concluded as being reasonably taken into account when performing verification calculations regarding long-running pipelines if, based on their diagnostics and analysis, their state does not meet modern strength requirements.

Strain, Stress, and Magnetic Surfaceanisotropy of Epitaxial FE(110)/MO (110) Multilayers

1993 ◽  
Vol 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Osgood ◽  
B.M. Clemens ◽  
R.L. White ◽  
S. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Strain State ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Magnetic Surface ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Surface Anisotropy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plane Direction ◽  
Strain Stress

ABSTRACTGrazing incidence and asymmetric X-ray diffraction were used to measure the stress and strain state of Fe(110)/Mo(110) Multilayers. The highest stress in the Fe constituent of the multilayer was along the [110] in-plane direction and was due to interaction with the substrate. The Magnetic anisotropy of the Fe Multilayer constituent was measured and the magnetic surface anisotropy, which favored in-plane [001] magnetization, was deduced. In contrast, the magnetic surface anisotropy of a single layer of Fe on W preferred in-plane [110] magnetization, in agreement with the Néel Model.

Experimental and numerical investigation of Armox 500T armor steel perforation process

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-61
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Popławski
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Strain State ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Failure Model ◽  
Modes Of Failure ◽  
State Of Stress ◽  
Computational Code ◽  
Armor Steel ◽  
Plate Perforation

This paper presents the results of an experimental and numerical study of the perforation of Armox 500T armoured steel. The plate perforation was performed with a pneumatic gun using three types of penetrators. Sharp, spherical and blunt penetrators were used. The use of different geometries of penetrators causes the process of perforation and destruction of plates in a different state of stress and strain, which leads to the appearance of three basic modes of failure. Numerical analyses of the perforation process have been carried out using the Ls-Dyna computational code with an advanced constitutive model of the material and the integrated failure model. The obtained experimental and numerical results were analysed and compared. The failure shape, the level of plastic deformation and the parameters of stress and strain state were analysed.

scholarly journals THE PROCEDURE OF THE SLIP MODELS OF POLYCRYSTALLINE PLASTICITY IN THE GENERAL CASES

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Bui Huu Dan
Keyword(s):  
Vector Space ◽  
Clifford Algebra ◽  
Strain State ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Slip Model ◽  
Dimension Vector ◽  
Computation Procedure ◽  
Five Dimension ◽  
The Many

The computation procedure of the slip model of polycrystalline plasticity was extended for the most general cases, when the stress and strain state are expressed in the five-dimension vector space this extent ion is based on the know ledges of Clifford algebra in the many-dimension (more than 3) vector space. The results would be reduced into the old results given in the more simple cases.

scholarly journals Numerical and experimental investigations of steel-concrete beams with thin-walled section

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Farit S. Zamaliev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Strain State ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Stress Strain State ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Thin Walled

Introduction. Conducted is to the evaluation of the stress-strain state of the steel-concrete beams with thin-walled section. In recent times, steel-reinforced concrete structures have become widely used in civilian buildings (beams, slabs, columns). Thin-walled section have not found wide application in steel concrete structures, unlike steel structures. Presents the results of numerical studies of beams consisting of concrete, anchors and steel beams. Two investigating of the location of anchors are given. Numerical investigations are presented of steel-concrete beams with thin-walled section based on numerical studies. Testing procedure and test result are given. Results of calculations, comparison of numerical and experimental studies are presented. Materials and methods. For full-scale experiments, steel I-beams with filling of side cavities with concrete were adopted, screws are used as anchor ties, with varied both the lengths and their location (vertically and obliquely). As steel curved C-shaped steel profiles were used steel profiles from the range of the company “Steel Faces”. ANSYS software package was used for computer modeling. A total of 16 steel concrete beams were considered, for which the results of strength and stiffness evaluation were obtained in ANSYS. Results. The data of the stress-strain state of beams on the basis of computer simulation are obtained. The results are used for the production of field samples. Data of computer simulation are compared with the indicators of field experiments. Conclusions. The stress-strain state of steel-concrete structures was studied on the basis of numerical and experimental data. The proposed calculation method gives good convergence with the experimental data. Anchor connections made from self-tapping screws can be used in studies for modeling in steel-concrete beams structures and other anchor devices, ensuring the joint operation of concrete and steel profiles in structures.

scholarly journals A FEA Method for Mathematical Calculation and Prediction Analysis Cross-sectional Ovalization of Tubes under Rotary Straightening

2021 ◽  
Vol 2083 (4) ◽  
pp. 042057
Author(s):  
Ziqian Zhang ◽  
Ying Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bending Deformation ◽  
Deformation Stage ◽  
Thin Walled Pipe ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Flattening Process

Abstract The section flattening phenomenon (namely Bazier effect) will occur in the large bending deformation stage of thin-walled pipe in the continuous straightening process. The maximum section flattening amount and the residual section flattening amount are important process parameters, which are the basis for calculating the subsequent process parameters of the flattening circle, and directly determine the roundness of the final pipe and the product quality. However, it is hard to be obtained by the theoretical or experimental methods. Therefore, based on the structure and process parameters of the leveler, a finite element model was built to simulate the section flattening process. Then, ANSYS/LS-DYNA software was used to dynamically simulate the bending flattening phenomenon of thin-walled pipe in the continuous straightening process, and the stress and strain nephographic of the flattening deformation zone was obtained. By recording the position curve of the key nodes in the preventing process, the section flattening amount of the thin-walled pipe in the large bending deformation stage in the continuous straightening process was determined. The simulation results show that the dynamic simulation method can effectively predict the section flattening of thin-walled pipe in the process of continuous straightening.

scholarly journals Building of a space form of the flexible inextensible one-layer conic shell

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 489-503
Author(s):  
Marina V. Byrdina ◽  
Mikhail F. Mitsik ◽  
Lema A. Bekmurzaev ◽  
Svetlana V. Kurenova ◽  
Anastasiya A. Movchun
Keyword(s):  
Strain State ◽  
Space Form ◽  
Shell Structures ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Linear Deformation ◽  
Program Module ◽  
Gravitational Forces ◽  
Conic Shell ◽  
Elastic Forces

The paper covers the visualization of a volume-space form of the flexible inextensible one-layer shell that is represented in the stress and strain state appearing during fastening the shell on the upper edge and its free location below the fastening border in the field of gravitational and elastic forces of the material. With no account taken of the gravitational forces, the shell is a right circular flattened cone. A developed program module can be used in designing and calculating the thin-wall shell structures during their non-linear deformation and their visualization. Visualization of the space form of the shell structure can be used for simulating various products, for instance, the cone antennae or the textile products, flexible elastic shells in the hydraulic engineering, etc.

scholarly journals Analytical solution for residual stress and strain preserved in anisotropic inclusion entrapped in an isotropic host

Solid Earth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 817-833
Author(s):  
Xin Zhong ◽  
Marcin Dabrowski ◽  
Bjørn Jamtveit
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Strain State ◽  
Spherical Inclusion ◽  
Raman Shift ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inclusion Shape ◽  
Diamond Inclusions

Abstract. Raman elastic thermobarometry has recently been applied in many petrological studies to recover the pressure and temperature (P–T) conditions of mineral inclusion entrapment. Existing modelling methods in petrology either adopt an assumption of a spherical, isotropic inclusion embedded in an isotropic, infinite host or use numerical techniques such as the finite-element method to simulate the residual stress and strain state preserved in the non-spherical anisotropic inclusions. Here, we use the Eshelby solution to develop an analytical framework for calculating the residual stress and strain state of an elastically anisotropic, ellipsoidal inclusion in an infinite, isotropic host. The analytical solution is applicable to any class of inclusion symmetry and an arbitrary inclusion aspect ratio. Explicit expressions are derived for some symmetry classes, including tetragonal, hexagonal, and trigonal. The effect of changing the aspect ratio on residual stress is investigated, including quartz, zircon, rutile, apatite, and diamond inclusions in garnet host. Quartz is demonstrated to be the least affected, while rutile is the most affected. For prolate quartz inclusion (c axis longer than a axis), the effect of varying the aspect ratio on Raman shift is demonstrated to be insignificant. When c/a=5, only ca. 0.3 cm−1 wavenumber variation is induced as compared to the spherical inclusion shape. For oblate quartz inclusions, the effect is more significant, when c/a=0.5, ca. 0.8 cm−1 wavenumber variation for the 464 cm−1 band is induced compared to the reference spherical inclusion case. We also show that it is possible to fit an effective ellipsoid to obtain a proxy for the averaged residual stress or strain within a faceted inclusion. The difference between the volumetrically averaged stress of a faceted inclusion and the analytically calculated stress from the best-fitted effective ellipsoid is calculated to obtain the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) for quartz, zircon, rutile, apatite, and diamond inclusions in garnet host. Based on the results of 500 randomly generated (a wide range of aspect ratio and random crystallographic orientation) faceted inclusions, we show that the volumetrically averaged stress serves as an excellent stress measure and the associated RMSD is less than 2 %, except for diamond, which has a systematically higher RMSD (ca. 8 %). This expands the applicability of the analytical solution for any arbitrary inclusion shape in practical Raman measurements.

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