scholarly journals Susceptibility to erosion risks in soils dedicated to the pineapple cultivation in the state of Valle del Cauca, Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
Carolina Martinez López ◽  
Albin Osvaldo Rivera Paja ◽  
Juan Carlos Menjivar Flores
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
The State ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Topographic Factor ◽  
Erosivity Index ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Valle Del Cauca ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High ◽  
Soil Losses

In Colombia almost half of the soils are prone to erosion, where Valle del Cauca is one of the most affected departments with respect to its severity. In order to identify the susceptibility to erosion risks in terms of the rainfall erosivity and the incidence of the topographic factor in the main pineapple producing municipalities of the department, a study was carried out that contemplated the historical climatological information of more than 50 years, for which all available weather stations in the area were selected. The erosivity index (R–EI30), the modified Fournier index (MFI), and the topographic factor (LS) were estimated. The results indicate that the average MFI values ranged between (91.31 and 582.79) which correspond to the moderate, high and very high categories, the results of R-EI30 presented moderate, high, very high and extremely severe values (5076.91 MJ.mm.ha-1 - 22718.83 MJ.mm.ha-1), while the highest values of the topographic factor (with slopes up to 81°) coincide with the upper part of the river basin Dagua, predominantly in the municipality of Dagua. These values indicate that the soils in the area are susceptible to erosion risks depending on the rainfall erosivity and the topographic factor at a moderate, high and very high level, which can generate significant soil losses, and therefore they should be considered when establishing a pineapple crop.

scholarly journals Rainfall pattern and erosion potential in the physiographic regions of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 849-853
Author(s):  
Antonio G. Pinheiro ◽  
Thais E. M. dos S. Souza ◽  
Suzana M. G. L. Montenegro ◽  
Abelardo A. de A. Montenegro ◽  
Sérgio M. S. Guerra
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Rainfall Pattern ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Erosivity Index ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Physiographic Regions

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to characterize the spatial and temporal (2000-2015) rainfall pattern variability and erosive potential in the different physiographic regions of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Rainfall data series (3 to 12 years) from 25 weather stations of the state were analyzed. Erosive rainfall events (more than 10 mm depth) were considered to evaluate the annual erosivity index, monthly erosivity index (EI30), rainfall erosivity factor (R), and rainfall pattern. The inverse distance weighting (IDW) - inverse of the square of the distance - was used to create spatial interpolation and develop maps. The rainfall data from the weather stations showed average annual rainfall of 827 mm and average erosivity of 4,784 MJ mm ha-1 h-1. The Metropolitan region of Pernambuco presented the highest rainfall erosivity index, with annual average of 9,704 MJ mm ha-1 h-1; and the Sertão do São Francisco region had the lowest, with annual average of 4,902 MJ mm ha-1 h-1. The state of Pernambuco presented advanced (42%), intermediate (38%), and delayed (20%) rainfall patterns.

scholarly journals Estimativa da erosividade da chuva na bacia hidrográfica do rio Juma com base em dados do satélite TRMM / Estimation of rain erosion in the Juma river basin based on TRMM satellite data

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (56) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Miqueias Lima Duarte ◽  
Eliomar Pereira da Silva Filho
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Surface Data ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Erosivity Index ◽  
And Control ◽  
Rain Erosion

Conhecer o potencial da chuva em causar erosão do solo é de fundamental importância para a compreensão da fragilidade de uma região, essas informações podem ser utilizadas na prevenção e controle da degradação do solo, auxiliando o planejamento territorial. Este estudo tem por objetivo estimar a erosividade da chuva na bacia hidrográfica do rio Juma, no sul do estado do Amazonas. Foram utilizados dados mensais pluviométricos do produto 3B42-V7 do sensor TRMM obtidos na plataforma Giovanni e comparados com dados de superfície, para a série histórica de 1998 a 2016. O índice de erosividade da chuva foi obtido a partir de um modelo proposto por Oliveira Jr e Medina (1990) desenvolvido para a região. Os resultados obtidos apontam que a variação espacial do índice de erosividade da chuva ao longo da bacia do rio Juma foi pequena (média de 11,66 MJ.mm.ha-1.h-1.ano-1), as maiores variações estão relacionadas a sazonalidade regional, sendo que o mês de julho apresenta o menor índice de erosividade médio (47,74 MJ.mm.ha-1.h-1.ano-1), enquanto que o mês de fevereiro apresentou o maior índice de erosividade (145,73 MJ.mm.ha-1.h-1.ano-1).Palavras–chave: Potencial erosivo da chuva, Degradação do solo, Sensor orbital.Abstract Knowing the potential of rain to cause soil erosion is of fundamental importance to understand the fragility of a region, this information can be used in the prevention and control of soil degradation, assisting the territorial planning. This study aims to estimate the rainfall erosivity in the river basin of the Juma, in the south of the state of Amazonas. Monthly rainfall data from the 3B42-V7 TRMM sensor product obtained from the Giovanni platform and compared with surface data were used for the historical series from 1998 to 2016. The rainfall erosivity index was obtained from a model proposed by Oliveira Jr and Medina (1990) developed for the region. The results indicate that the spatial variation of the rainfall erosivity index along the Juma river basin was small (mean of 11.66 MJ.mm.ha-1.h-1.year-1), the most significant variations are related to regional seasonality, and the month of July It has the lowest mean erosivity index (47.74 MJ.mm.ha-1.h-1.year-1), while February presented the highest erosivity index (145.73 MJ.mm.ha-1.h-1.year-1).Keywords: Erosive potential of rain, Soil degradation, Orbital Sensor.

scholarly journals Regiões pluviométricas homogêneas e a erosividade das chuvas na unidade hidrográfica Pirapó, Paranapanema III e IV-Paraná / Homogeneous rainfall regions and rainfall erosivity in the hydrographic unit Pirapó, Paranapanema III and IV hydrographic (...)

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (46) ◽  
pp. 507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Miguel De Bodas Terassi ◽  
Hélio Silveira ◽  
Carlos Henrique Da Graça
Keyword(s):  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Proximity Measure ◽  
Temporal Segmentation ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Monthly Distribution ◽  
Erosivity Index ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Annual Scale ◽  
The Relationship

<p>O presente trabalho objetiva definir regiões pluviométricas homogêneas e investigar a relação entre o regime pluviométrico e o potencial da erosividade para a unidade hidrográfica Pirapó, Paranapanema III e IV - Paraná. Foram obtidos os dados de pluviosidade de trinta e cinco postos pluviométricos do Instituto das Águas do Paraná e de cinco estações meteorológicas do Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR), Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) e Sistema Meteorológico do Paraná (SIMEPAR), trabalhados com o segmento temporal de 1976 a 2012. O índice de erosividade da chuva utilizado foi calculado a partir da equação apresentada por Rufino, Biscaia e Merten (1993) para o estado do Paraná. Definiu-se que o método de agrupamento mais adequado é o método aglomerativo de Ward, tendo como medida de proximidade a distância euclidiana. A área de estudo apresenta uma variação espacial da pluviosidade que mostra a influência da orografia principalmente para a distribuição espacial na escala anual, enquanto que a localização dos grupos demonstra uma maior associação à dinâmica atmosférica, conforme consultado pela literatura, para a compreensão da distribuição mensal das chuvas. Sobretudo, a delimitação dos grupos pluviométricos homogêneos permitiu compreender a relação entre o relevo, as alturas pluviométricas e o potencial erosivo das chuvas.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: agrupamento, pluviosidade, potencial erosivo, bacia hidrográfica.</p><p> </p><p>Abstract</p><p>This paper aims to define homogeneous rainfall regions and to investigate the relationship between rainfall and the potential erosivity for Pirapó, Paranapanema III and IV hydrographic unit - Paraná. The rainfall data was collected from thirty five rain gauges at Paraná Water Institute and from five weather stations at Paraná Agronomy Institute (IAPAR), National Weather Institute (INMET) and Paraná Meteorological System (SIMEPAR) and were processed within the temporal segmentation 1976 to 2012. The erosivity index rain used was calculated from the equation presented by Rufino, Biscaia and Merten (1993) for the Paraná State. It was defined that the most appropriate clustering method is the agglomerative method of Ward, with the proximity measure the Euclidean distance. The study area presents a spatial variation of rainfall that shows the orography influence mainly to the spatial distribution in the annual scale, while the location of groups shows a greater association with the atmospheric dynamics, as referred in the literature, for understanding the monthly distribution of rainfall. Above all, the delimitation of homogeneous rainfall groups allowed to understand the relationship between relief, the rain heights and the erosive potential of rainfall.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: clustering, rainfall, erosive potential, watershed.</p>

scholarly journals Estimation of soil loss by the USLE model in a mountain basin in the south of Santa Catarina state, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. e20
Author(s):  
Lucas Kister Amaral ◽  
Sabrina Baesso Cadorin ◽  
Álvaro José Back ◽  
Fernanda Dagostin Szymanski ◽  
Claudia Weber Corseuil
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Intense Rainfall ◽  
Slope Length ◽  
Control Practice ◽  
Runoff Potential ◽  
Shallow Soils ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

Water erosion is a factor of soil degradation that is triggered by the impact of raindrops originated by intense rainfall disaggregating the soil, followed by the carrying of particles by surface runoff. In the erosion process, in addition to soil loss, nutrients, fertilizers, and pesticides are carried resulting in water courses and water pollution. Erosion can have a major impact on agricultural production, when soil use and management techniques are not used. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the soil loss in the Malacara river basin, which is a sub-basin of the Mampituba river basin characterized by a contrasting relief, with high altitudes in the escarps of Serra Geral and floodplain. The method used for the development of this research was the application of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). USLE soil loss estimation requires the following factors: rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length (L), slope steepness (S), soil use and management (C), and erosion control practice factor (P). The estimated rainfall erosivity was 5,754.2 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 year-1. Erodibility was determined for the soils present in the basin, highlighting a high value for gleysoil. The topographic factor (LS) showed values from 0 to greater than 20, which corresponds to the low to very high runoff potential. The floodplain showed lower runoff rates, while for the locations close to the enclosed valleys in the Malacara canyon, the runoff potential varied from high to very high. The soil use and management factors and conservation practices (CP) obtained a maximum value of 0.404, corresponding to the exposed soil; the second most representative class was agricultural areas, with a value of 0.145. The soil loss in the Malacara river basin varied from 0 to more than 200 t ha-1 year-1. In fact, 87.38% of the area presents a degree of sheet erosion normal to slight and, only 2.94% of the area has a high or very high degree of erosion. Moreover, due to the relief characteristics with shallow soils and intense rainfall in mountainous basins, knowing and understanding soil losses due to erosion is crucial for the adequate management of water resources in river basins. 

scholarly journals Erosive rainfall in Rio do Peixe Valley in Santa Catarina, Brazil: Part I - Determination of the erosivity index

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 774-779
Author(s):  
Álvaro J. Back ◽  
Augusto C. Pola ◽  
Nilzo I. Ladwig ◽  
Hugo Schwalm
Keyword(s):  
Rain Gauge ◽  
The State ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
R Factor ◽  
Erosivity Index ◽  
Erosive Rainfall

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the rainfall erosivity index in the Valley of Rio do Peixe, in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The data series of three rain gauge stations in the cities of Campos Novos, Videira, and Caçador were used to determine the rainfall erosivity based on the EI30 index and to adjust the equations in order to estimate the EI30 value from the rainfall coefficient. On average, it was observed that erosive rains represents 81.4-88.5% of the annual precipitation. The adjusted equations can be used to estimate rainfall erosivity in locations with only rainfall data. The regional equation specified for the erosivity estimation is EI30 = 74.23 Rc0.8087. The R factor is 8,704.8; 7,340.8; and 6,387.1 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 year-1 for Campos Novos, Videira, and Caçador, respectively. In Campos Novos and Videira, the erosivity was classified as high, while in Caçador, it was classified as average.

An analysis of the causes and consequences of firefighters’ accidents at work in the State Fire Service in 2010 – 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 562 (7) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Dominik Grzybowski ◽  
Magdalena Młynarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Fire Service ◽  
The State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High ◽  
Level Of Risk

The wide range of tasks performed by firefighters of the State Fire Service – and the multitude of risks they are exposed to – have contributed to qualifying this profession as carrying a very high level of risk. The article analyzes the causes and effects of firefighters’ accidents in the State Fire Service in 2010 – 2016.

scholarly journals Soil erosion vulnerability in the verde river basin, southern minas gerais

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Augusto de Oliveira ◽  
Carlos Rogério de Mello ◽  
Matheus Fonseca Durães ◽  
Antônio Marciano da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Verde River ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Very High

Soil erosion is one of the most significant environmental degradation processes. Mapping and assessment of soil erosion vulnerability is an important tool for planning and management of the natural resources. The objective of the present study was to apply the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) using GIS tools to the Verde River Basin (VRB), southern Minas Gerais, in order to assess soil erosion vulnerability. A annual rainfall erosivity map was derived from the geographical model adjusted for Southeastern Brazil, calculating an annual value for each pixel. The maps of soil erodibility (K), topographic factor (LS), and use and management of soils (C) were developed from soils and their uses map and the digital elevation model (DEM) developed for the basin. In a GIS environment, the layers of the factors were combined to create the soil erosion vulnerability map according to RUSLE. The results showed that, in general, the soils of the VRB present a very high vulnerability to water erosion, with 58.68% of soil losses classified as "High" and "Extremely High" classes. In the headwater region of VRB, the predominant classes were "Very High" and "Extremely High" where there is predominance of Cambisols associated with extensive pastures. Furthermore, the integration of RUSLE/GIS showed an efficient tool for spatial characterization of soil erosion vulnerability in this important basin of the Minas Gerais state.

scholarly journals La antropización de la cobertura vegetal en los paisajes del estado de Chiapas, México

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-154
Author(s):  
Horacio Morales Iglesias ◽  
Angel Guadalupe Priego Santander ◽  
Manuel Bollo Manent ◽  
Mauricio José Ríos
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
The State ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Class ◽  
Pressure Index ◽  
High Category ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

The anthropization of the vegetation cover in the landscapes of Chiapas state, Mexico Cuatro años después de la catástrofe, ¿Están los centros educacionales de la Región de Murcia en España preparados para el próximo desastre sísmico?El objetivo de la presente investigación es conocer y evaluar los niveles de modificación antrópica sobre la cobertura vegetal de los paisajes del estado de Chiapas, México. Para cumplir con este objetivo se aplicó un índice de presión al mapa de los paisajes físico-geográficos del estado de Chiapas, a escala 1: 250 000. Los resultados indican que la categoría baja ocupa el 29% de la superficie estatal; la clase alta 27%; el nivel medio 26%; la categoría muy baja 16%; finalmente, el nivel muy alto abarca 2%. La categoría alta se ubica en paisajes de planicie, piedemonte y valle, en clima cálido húmedo y cálido subhúmedo. La clase baja se localiza en montañas de origen tectónico-intrusivo,tectónico-acumulativo y tectónico-kárstico, en climas templado, semicálido húmedo a subhúmedo y cálido húmedo. El escenario de tendencia es preocupante, porque la categoría alta podría representar en el corto plazo 53% de la superficie estatal. he goal of this research is to understand and evaluate the levels of anthropic transformation on the vegetationcover inthe landscapes of Chiapas, Mexico. To achieve this goal, a pressure index was applied to the map of the physical-geographical landscapes of the Chiapas State, in a 1: 250 000 scale. The results indicate that low category occupies 29% of the surface area of the state; the high class 27%, the medium level 26%, the very low category 16%; finally, the very high level covers 2%. The high category is located in plains, piedmonts and valley landscapes in warm humid and subhumid climate. The low class is located in mountains of tectonic-intrusive, tectonic-acumulative and tectonic-karstic origin, in temperate, semi-warm humid to subhumid, and warm humid climates. The trend scenario is worrisome, because the high level could represent in the short term 53% of the surface area of the state.

Measures for structural improvement with regard to the good status of water bodies - estimation of expenditure for a river basin in Germany

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Grünebaum ◽  
G. Morgenschweis ◽  
E.A. Nusch ◽  
H. Schweder ◽  
M. Weyand
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Stormwater Treatment ◽  
German State ◽  
Structural Improvement ◽  
Body Development ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

To achieve the objective of “good chemical and ecological status” in water bodies as stipulated by the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) in particular, a package of measures geared to improving the water bodies’ hydromorphology will be required. These upgrading measures can, to some extent, also be seen as an alternative to still more advanced measures in the field of wastewater treatment and stormwater treatment in the context of status improvement in water bodies. On account of the very high level of wastewater and stormwater treatment already achieved, additional efforts in this specific area would, as experience has shown, not only be extremely costly, but produce just moderate if not minor results. In an estimate of the funding required to achieve “good status” by hydromorphological change, undertaken for the Ruhr River Basin (German state of North Rhine-Westphalia), it was found that costs would be in the range of €200 million to €1 billion. This translates into inhabitant-specific costs of €100 to €500 per capita. All measures are to be put into practice within the scope of an integrated water body development concept, optimised with regard to space and time.

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