scholarly journals Bromatological characteristics of fillet fish of Leporinus agassizi and Leporinus fasciatus (Pisces: Characidae) in its natural habitat

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-170
Author(s):  
Cristhian David Sua-Cespedes ◽  
José Luis Vélez-Parodi ◽  
Juan Antonio Ramírez-Merlano ◽  
Alexander Torres-Tabares ◽  
Yohana Maria Velasco-Santamaría
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Food Model

Bromatological parameters in 39 Warakú verdadero (Leporinus agassizi) and 21 Warakú pinima (Leporinus fasciatus) fillets were analyzed at three different sites of the Vaupés River, Colombia sampled during a hydrobiological cycle. The bromatological parameters did not shown significant differences in relation to the sites and season of capture. At point 3 and during the descending water season, Leporinus agassizi had the highest values for dry matter (25.24%), protein (19.82%) and ash (2.16%). The highest lipid value for this species was found in low waters at point 1 (2.93%). Leporinus fasciatus showed the highest levels of dry matter (25.19%) and ash (2.16%) at point 3 during ascendant and high waters, respectively. The bromatological parameters tends to vary regarding the time of year. It was possible to determined that these fish species have great potential for continental aquaculture thus constituting a healthy food model.

scholarly journals Inoculation and N Fertilization Affect the Dry Matter, N Fixation, and Bioactive Compounds in Sulla Leaves

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Sulas ◽  
Giuseppe Campesi ◽  
Giovanna Piluzza ◽  
Giovanni A. Re ◽  
Paola A. Deligios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
N Application ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Leaf N

Sulla (Sulla coronaria [L.] Medik), a Mediterranean short-lived legume with tolerance to drought-prone environments, requires inoculation outside its natural habitat. Its leaves are appreciated for the bromatological composition and content of bioactive compounds. However, no information is available regarding the distinct effects of inoculation and nitrogen (N) applications on leaf dry matter (DM), fixed N, and bioactive compounds. Sulla leaves were sampled from the vegetative stage to seed set in Sardinia (Italy) during 2013–2014 and leaf DM, N content, and fixed N were determined. Compared to the best performing inoculated treatments, DM yield and fixed N values of the control only represented 8% to 20% and 2% to 9%, respectively. A significant relationship between fixed N and leaf DM yield was established, reaching 30 kg fixed N t–1 at seed set. Significant variations in leaf atom% 15N excess and %Ndfa quantified decreases in leaf N fixation coupled with N application. Moreover, the petiole content of phenolic compounds markedly increased in the uninoculated control, suggesting deeper investigations on the relationship between bioactive compounds and inoculation treatments. Results highlighted substantial variation in DM, N yields, N-fixation ability, and content of bioactive compounds of sulla leaves caused by inoculation and N fertilization.

Digestibility and chemical composition of fractions of lucerne during spring and summer

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Christian ◽  
D. B. Jones ◽  
M. Freer
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Leaf Composition

SUMMARYBulk harvests of primary growth were made at intervals during the spring and summer of 2 consecutive years from an ungrazed area of lucerne (Medicago sativa) and the digestibility by sheep was measured. At the same times, shoots of known length representative of the sward were collected, divided into 7·5 cm lengths, and separated into leaf and stem for the determination of ash, nitrogen, cellulose, and in vitro organic matter digestibility.Digestibility and leaf: stem ratio of the bulk harvests decreased and dry matter increased as the season advanced. Leaf composition changed little, but stem increased in lignin and decreased in ash and in vitro digestibility. In vitro digestibility and leaf: stem ratio were highly correlated with sheep digestibility.Chemical composition of shoots of known heights was similar to that of the bulk harvests. Leaf weights/shoot tended to increase linearly with height of shoot, whereas stem increased nearly as the square of the height. Dry matter of leaf and stem were inversely related to leaf:stem ratio. Stem digestibility decreased with leaf:stem ratio and with increase in shoot height.Chemical components of shoot fractions were associated with each other and were largely dependent on the distance from the top of the shoot at which they had been taken, irrespective of shoot height or time of year. Bottom stems had lower ash, nitrogen and digestibility but higher cellulose, dry weight and dry matter than top stems, whose composition approached that of leaves. Leaf fractions showed little consistent trend with position on the shoot.Some of the difficulties in studying changes in plant composition under field conditions are discussed.

scholarly journals Importance of considering riparian vegetation requirements for the long-term efficiency of environmental flows in aquatic microhabitats

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 5763-5780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Rivaes ◽  
Isabel Boavida ◽  
José M. Santos ◽  
António N. Pinheiro ◽  
Teresa Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Environmental Flows ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
River Channel ◽  
Habitat Availability ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics ◽  
Vegetation Development

Abstract. Environmental flows remain biased toward the traditional biological group of fish species. Consequently, these flows ignore the inter-annual flow variability that rules species with longer lifecycles and therefore disregard the long-term perspective of the riverine ecosystem. We analyzed the importance of considering riparian requirements for the long-term efficiency of environmental flows. For that analysis, we modeled the riparian vegetation development for a decade facing different environmental flows in two case studies. Next, we assessed the corresponding fish habitat availability of three common fish species in each of the resulting riparian landscape scenarios. Modeling results demonstrated that the environmental flows disregarding riparian vegetation requirements promoted riparian degradation, particularly vegetation encroachment. Such circumstance altered the hydraulic characteristics of the river channel where flow depths and velocities underwent local changes of up to 10 cm and 40 cm s−1, respectively. Accordingly, after a decade of this flow regime, the available habitat area for the considered fish species experienced modifications of up to 110 % when compared to the natural habitat. In turn, environmental flows regarding riparian vegetation requirements were able to maintain riparian vegetation near natural standards, thereby preserving the hydraulic characteristics of the river channel and sustaining the fish habitat close to the natural condition. As a result, fish habitat availability never changed more than 17 % from the natural habitat.

scholarly journals Diet and breeding performance in cats

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
S-G. Olovson
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Sex Distribution ◽  
Breeding Performance ◽  
Breeding Colony ◽  
Time Of Year

A conventional cat breeding colony with 70 queens (female cats) was studied during a 4 year period 1979-1982. During that time the fat content in the diet was increased from 15% to 27% of dry matter. An increase in the number of kittens per litter (from 4·5 to 5·5) and in the annual number of litters per queen (from 1·4 to 2·3) was found. In addition, the mortality decreased from over 20% to 9%. Bodyweight gain under the new diet was such that the males reached 2500 g in 4 months while the females showed this same weight at 5 months of age. Litter size and sex distribution as a function of queen age, litter interval and time of year are presented. It is concluded that husbandry and diet are factors which are of great importance in a cat breeding unit. It is shown that under our conditions it is possible to breed conventional cats with good results.

Changes in growth rate and morphology of perennial ryegrass swards at high and low nitrogen levels

1971 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Davies
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Time Of Year

SummaryThe nitrogen requirements for maximum production of perennial ryegrass swards in August/September were shown to be of the order of 4 kg N/ha/day. Further increases above this level had no appreciable effect on dry-matter production, leaf area or light intercepted, but maximum tiller numbers were considerably enhanced. Shortage of nitrogenous fertilizer had comparatively little effect on crop growth rate in the early stages of regrowth, but thereafter caused the rate to fall increasingly short of potential. At high fertilizer levels crop growth rate based on total above-ground parts was linearly related to percentage light intercepted in the first month after defoliation, but values subsequently became erratic and at times negative. This change in crop growth rate and the resulting halt in effective net dry-matter production could be associated with the overall pattern of leaf and tiller formation and death, maximum net yield being achieved at the point in time when three new leaves had been produced on each tiller since cutting. It is concluded that in August and September worth-while increases in harvestable net dry matter are unlikely to occur after this stage has been reached, and that managements based on the maintenance of a complete crop cover are not likely to be successful at this time of year.

scholarly journals Croatian Fish Dataset: Fine-grained classification of fish species in their natural habitat

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Jäger ◽  
Marcel Simon ◽  
Joachim Denzler ◽  
Viviane Wolff ◽  
Klaus Fricke-Neuderth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Fine Grained

Accumulation of Mineral Nutrients by Developing Fruits of Prickly Plume Grevillea (Grevillea annulifera F. Muell.)

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 507 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Hocking
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Nutritional Information ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Very High

The nutrition of developing fruits of Grevillea annulifera was studied in its natural habitat on sandy heathland 600 km N. of Perth, W.A. Seeds made up 33% of the dry matter of the fruit at maturity and accumulated over 70% of the Mg, Cu, N, Zn and P, 42-61% of the S, K, Fe, Ca and Mn but less than 20% of the Na. Follicles lost most of their P, Zn and N during fruit ripening and small quantities of Mg and Cu. Dry matter, K, S, Ca, Na, Fe and Mn were not withdrawn from follicles. Retranslocation from follicles could have provided from 24 to 41% of the P, Zn and N in seeds. The seed coat made up 60% of the dry matter of seeds and had most of the K, Ca, Na, Fe and Cl; the embryo had most of the N, P, S, Mg, Zn, Mn and Cu. Levels of most nutrients in embryos of G. annulifera were very high when compared with those in seeds of crop species. Leaves had low levels of most nutrients. The results suggest that G. annulifera has the nutritional characteristics common to xeromorphs and the ability to transport nutrients very efficiently to fruits, and especially to embryos. An ecological survey of nutrient levels in fruits at three localities revealed that within-locality variation was as great as or greater than that between localities. Nutritional information is discussed in relation to flower and fruit shedding by the species. It is suggested that spatial restrictions to fruit growth contribute partly to fruit shedding.

scholarly journals Effects of seeding density, cutting height and month of harvest on the dry matter yield and protein content of Ubon Stylo

1969 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
Jorge Olivares ◽  
Elide Valencia ◽  
Rafael Ramos-Santana
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Cutting Height

Four levels of seed were used for establishment of Ubon Stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis var. vulgaris x var. pauciflora) in the first phase of this research, and in the present second phase, this same variable plus three cutting heights and four months of harvest at 90-d intervals were evaluated as to their effects on forage dry matter yield (DMY) and crude protein (CP) content. The seeding levels (5, 10, 15 and 20 kg/ha) constitute the main plots; cutting heights (10, 15 and 20 cm) formed the subplots; and months of harvest (March, June, September and December) the sub-subplots. Statistical analysis revealed that DMY was not significantly influenced by cutting height or by the interactions of this variable with each of the other two. Month of harvest did exert a significant effect (P<0.05) on DMY, and seeding density showed a similar tendency (P<0.063); also an interaction (P<0.05) between these two variables was detected. Mean DMY, expressed as annual equivalent (kg/ha), corresponding to the four consecutive harvests from March to December were: 5,949; 11,285; 8,105 and 6,543; with a general mean of 7,970. Values of DMY corresponding to the four progressive seeding rates from 5 to 20 kg/ha seed were: 7,488; 8,347; 8,375 and 7,672 kg/ha. The seeding rate x harvest interaction is illustrated by the fact that the highest DMY at the June harvest (13,975 kg/ha) was obtained with 15 kg/ha seed, whereas the maximum DMY at the other three harvests corresponded to the 10 kg/ha seeding rate. The general mean of the forage CP content was 13.4% and no significant effects were exerted by the three factors under study or their interactions. The present results confirm the earlier conclusion that 10 kg/ha is the optimum seeding rate for establishment of Ubon Stylo to promote a high DMY without incurring in unnecessary additional expense. Furthermore, the high yields obtained in the summer season suggest that the cutting interval could be shortened to improve the CP content at this time of year.

Weather, herbage quality and milk production in pastoral systems. 4. Effects on dairy cattle production

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Roche ◽  
L. R. Turner ◽  
J. M. Lee ◽  
D. C. Edmeades ◽  
D. J. Donaghy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Herbage Quality ◽  
Time Of Year

Prevailing weather conditions are one factor that influences herbage growth and quality, and therefore may have a substantial impact on animal production. The objective of the present study was to quantify the associations between weather, herbage quality and mineral concentration, and animal production. Daily weather data and weekly records of herbage quality and mineral concentration, as well as dairy cattle production, were available from a research farm and nearby weather station across the years 1995 to 2001, inclusive. Animal production variables of interest included individual cow milk production and composition, body condition score, and liveweight, as well as group herbage dry matter intake. Results indicate moderate relationships between some weather- and herbage-related variables and dairy cattle production variables, although most relationships appeared to be an artefact of temporal variation, as evidenced by weakening of correlations following adjustment for animal parity, stage of lactation, and week of the year at calving. Prior to adjustment for the confounding factors, the negative associations between milk yield and all temperature-related variables (r = –0.46 to –0.34) were most notable. Following adjustment for time of year, milk yield became positively associated with sunlight hours (r = 0.14). Negative relationships were demonstrated between temperature-related variables and milk protein concentration (r = –0.08), regardless of time of year. Milk protein concentration was positively associated with herbage metabolisable energy content (r = 0.06), water-soluble carbohydrate (r = 0.11), and organic matter digestibility (r = 0.06) concentrations, and negatively associated with ether extract (r = –0.07), acid detergent fibre (r = –0.06), and neutral detergent fibre (r = –0.05) concentrations. Weather, herbage quality and mineral concentration explained up to 22% more variation in dairy cattle production variables over and above farmlet and time of year, with a greater effect on dry matter intake than the other production parameters.

scholarly journals Vanillosmopsis arborea Baker (candeeiro): production and development of seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Araújo Marco ◽  
Toshik Iarley Da Silva ◽  
Tainá Macêdo Dos Santos ◽  
Hernandes Rufino Dos Santos ◽  
Silvério De Paiva Freitas Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Experimental Area ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Root Cutting ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Propagation Methods

The Araripe Plateau attracts an intense anthropic activity that results in the degradation and risk of extinction of native medicinal species such as Vanillosmopsis arborea Baker (candeeiro). The objective of this work was to test the main propagation methods of this species and to evaluate the survival of the seedlings in different environments. With this, two experiments were installed in the headquarters house of IBAMA[1] located in the Araripe National Forest (FLONA), Crato, State of Ceará. The potential of seedling production and stem and root cutting were evaluated, as well as the adaptation of the seedlings to the two environments (experimental area and their natural habitat). The experiments were distributed in a completely randomized design. The number of live cuttings with callus, number of rooted cuttings, weight of fresh and dry matter of roots, leaf persistence, height and survival of the seedlings were also evaluated. More seeds emerged in an open air environment. The cutting type did not affect the analyzed variables. The substrates only affected the number of rooted cuttings, and the soil from FLONA provided the best result. The seedlings developed better in experimental area, indicating that the candeeiro can be explored rationally.

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