scholarly journals Propagación vegetativa in vitro a partir de hojas jóvenes de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
José M. Cuellar
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Macro Nutrients

This paper reports on the first in vitro cultivation tests done in El Salvador. The responses of cultivars MEX 70-485 and MEX 68-P-23 on various propagation stages, were evaluated in vitro. Young leaves still in the rolled stage were utilized. Explants 5 mm in lenght were placed on a Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium, modified for each stage of planttet recovery as follows: For the development and growth of “calluses” dosis, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mg/l of 2.4/D were added and for differentiation, it was subtracted. To induce rhyzogenesis we used a medium with half of the macro-nutrients , one with the complete salts the other with the complete salts plus a supplement of 5 mg/l of AIA. Outstanding results were the following: In the phase of “calluses” formation, the major problem was the phenolization of the explants; the best 2.4-D acid concentration was 3.0 mgl, for both the calluses formation as for their growth and development. The differentiation was obtained with the renoval of 2.4-D acid from the medium, and the rhyzogenesis was favored with the supplement of 5 mg/l of AIA

scholarly journals Effects of herbicides on growth and number of actinomycetes in soil and in vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Santric ◽  
Ljiljana Radivojevic ◽  
Jelena Gajic-Umiljendic ◽  
Marija Saric-Krsmanovic ◽  
Rada Djurovic-Pejcev
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transient Effects ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

This study was conducted under laboratory conditions to investigate the effects of herbicides (nicosulfuron, metribuzin and glyphosate) on the number of actinomycetes in soil and growth of several isolates of actinomycetes in vitro. The lowest tested concentrations equalled the recommended rates (1X), while the other three were five-fold (5X), ten-fold (10X) and fifty-fold (50X). Samples were collected for analysis 3, 7, 14, 30 and 45 days after herbicide application. Treatment with the two highest concentrations of herbicides (10X and 50X) caused a significant inhibition of the number of actinomycetes in soil and growth of the isolates in vitro. The obtained data indicated that the effect depended on the type of herbicide, application rate, duration of activity and actinomycetes isolate. The study suggests that herbicide applications in soil caused transient effects on the growth and development on actinomycetes community in soil.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effects of agricultural LED lighting on in vitro propagation of Cordyceps militaris (Link.) Fries

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-481
Author(s):  
Do Hong Gam ◽  
Duong Huong Huynh ◽  
Phan Thi Lan Anh ◽  
Nguyen Hoang Duong ◽  
Do Thi Kim Hoa
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Led Lighting ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Red Led ◽  
Led Lights

In this study, the effects of various agricultural LED lights (LED NN), including single red LED (R), single blue LED (B), and four combinations of blue, red, and warm white (W) LED (BR, BRW1, BRW2, BRW3) on the growth and development of C. militaris (Link.) Fries were evaluated in vitro. After 7 days, samples subjected to LED NN showed shorter sporocarp sprouting time and higher sprouting ratio than the control, which was subjected to T5 fluorescent light. After 2 months, LED lights with high red ratio, such as single red LED and LED BR, had suppressing effect on the growth and development of C. militaris (Link.) Fries. On the other hand, combinations of red, blue, and warm white such as LED BRW1, LED BRW2, and LED BRW3 had the positive impact on the growth and development of this fungus. Notably, samples subjected to LED BRW2 reached 5.79 cm in height, fresh biomass of 3.67 g/20 samples. Cordycepin and Adenosine levels were 64.2 and 6.37 mg/100 g fresh mass, respectively. All of studied  indicators were the higher compared to those of the control and other LED lighting schemes. Therefore, it can be conlcuded that LED lighting combination with BRW2 ratio of 1:5:1 and luminous intensity of 45±2 µmol.m-2.s-1 (511,59 Lux) was suitable for the growth and development of C. militaris (Link.) Friesand a potential replacement of fluorescent light for C. militaris (Link.) Friesin vitro propagation.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity, Rutin Content and Genetic Similarity Between Matrices and Progenies of Hancornia speciosa

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Caroline de Araujo Machado ◽  
Leila Albuquerque Resende de Oliveira ◽  
Annie Carolina Araújo de Oliveira ◽  
Milena Nascimento Cardoso ◽  
Francine Ferreira Padilha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Se Brazil ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Hancornia Speciosa

Mangaba tree (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is a tropical fruit species from Brazil and presents socioeconomic potential. The objective of this study was to determine antioxidant activity, rutin content and genetic similarity among in vivo and in vitro matrices and progenies of six accessions from the Mangaba Active Germplasm Bank of the Embrapa Coastal Tablelands, SE, Brazil. Young leaves of adult matrix plants and in vitro callus methanolic extracts obtained from young leaves resulted in differences between the accessions for the rutin content and high antioxidant activity. The Costa Azul accession, from Bahia, Brazil outstood with values above 3,000 g of dry extract/g of DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazyl) in in vitro callus coming from nodal and internodal segments (3,023.73 and 3,136.80 g of dry extract/g of DPPH, respectively). Rutin was not found in extracts resulting from in vitro callus of mangaba tree. The difference among the values obtained for DPPH analysis are superior when compared with in vivo leaf extract, with the in vitro Costa Azul accession (nodal and internodal) outstanding, concluding that in vitro callus induction can interfere with chemical compounds of the plant. The markers detect genetic similarity under in vitro cultivation conditions. The Costa Azul accession group itself in isolation from others and EC50 concentrations differentiated between leaf and callus are obtained. O EC50 is superior in extracts deriving from in vitro callus, with the in vitro Costa Azul accession (nodal and internodal).

Post-natal growth and development of Simmental calves derived from in vivo or in vitro embryos

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. McEvoy ◽  
K. D. Sinclair ◽  
P. J. Broadbent ◽  
K. L. Goodhand ◽  
J. J. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Developmental Effects ◽  
Frozen Embryos ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Ad Libitum

Large fetuses arising from embryos produced in vitro have been shown to exhibit altered organ development in utero, but it is not known whether this persists post natally. Post-natal growth and development was examined in 18 Simmental bulls derived from in vivo frozen–thawed (n = 6), in vitro frozen– thawed (n = 6) or in vitro fresh (n = 6) embryos and reared together post weaning on an ad libitum diet until slaughter at approximately 13 months old. Calves weighing less than 60 kg at birth (n = 11) were classified as normal, and heavier calves (n = 7; all from in vitro embryos) as oversize. Lifetime growth rates and slaughter weights apparently were unaffected by embryo source or birthweight. Mean (± s.e.m.) post mortem liver and kidney weights were unaffected by embryo source, but hearts of bulls from in vitro frozen embryos were heavier than those of bulls from in vivo frozen embryos (2.7 ± 0.04 v. 2.3 ± 0.07 kg, P<0.025). Heart weight per kilogram body weight at slaughter for the 7 perinatally oversize males (4.01 ± 0.08 g) exceeded that of the other 5 bulls from in vitro embryos (3.60 ± 0.10 g kg −1 ; P<0.04) and the 6 in vivo males (3.56 ± 0.12 g kg −1 ; P<0.02). Overall, one-third of the variation in heart weight at slaughter (r 2 = 0.35; P = 0.01) was due to variation in birthweight. This is the first study to demonstrate birthweight-related developmental effects on post-natal organ weight following the transfer of embryos produced in vitro.

Restoration of virulence of axenically cultivated Entamoeba histolytica by cholesterol

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Meerovitch ◽  
E. Ghadirian
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cholesterol Treatment ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Axenic Conditions

The lost pathogenicity of two strains of Entamoeba histolytica, one isolated in 1924 and the other in 1967, grown in axenic culture for the past 5 and 6 years respectively, was restored by supplementing the culture medium with cholesterol through a number of transfers. The number of passages in the cholesterol-supplemented medium, necessary to restore a certain degree of pathogenicity of the two strains in hamsters, was proportional to the total time of in vitro cultivation of the strain, and not just the time of cultivation under axenic conditions. Pathogenicity, once restored, persisted for a long time after cholesterol treatment was stopped.

Effects of sucrose and trehalose on growth and development of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) on two Dendrobium cultivars under different lights

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 2170-2176
Author(s):  
M. M. Alam ◽  
K. Shimasaki ◽  
A. M. Meskatul
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
White Leds ◽  
Green Led ◽  
Led Lights ◽  
Green Leds

The objective of this study was to identify effective carbon sources for the in vitro propagation of PLBs in Dendrobium cultivars Dendrobium kingianum ‘Hallelujah’ and Dendrobium k. Jonathan’s Glory ‘Dark Joy’. In this study, we used two types of carbon sources to culture the cultivars under five different LED lights. For, both carbon sources the highest numbers of PLBs were obtained with the green LEDs compared with the other LED lights. For Dendrobium kingianum ‘Hallelujah’ the trehalose supplemented medium produced the highest number of PLBs (13.8/explant) and the maximum fresh weight (0.45g/explant) under green LEDs. On the other hand, for Dendrobium k. Jonathan’s Glory ‘Dark Joy’, the sucrose supplemented medium produced the highest number of PLBs under green LED (8.0/explant, fresh weight 0.22g/explants) and the trehalose supplemented medium produced the maximum number of PLBs under white LEDs (8.1/explants, fresh weight 0.23g/explants). The sucrose was the most relevant carbon source for the in vitro organogenesis of Dendrobium k. Jonathan’s Glory ‘Dark Joy’, while trehalose was best under white LEDs.

scholarly journals The Effect of Artificial Media and Temperature on the Growth and Development of the Honey Bee Brood Pathogen Ascosphaera apis

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Petr Mráz ◽  
Marian Hýbl ◽  
Marek Kopecký ◽  
Andrea Bohatá ◽  
Jana Konopická ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Ascosphaera Apis ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Different Temperatures

Ascosphaera apis is a causative agent of chalkbrood, which is one of the most widespread honey bee diseases. In our experiments, the influence of several artificial media and cultivation under different temperatures was evaluated. Concretely, the radial growth of separated mating types was measured, reproductive structures in a Neubauer hemocytometer chamber were counted simultaneously, and the morphometry of spore cysts and spore balls was assessed. The complex set of experiments determined suitable cultivation conditions. A specific pattern between reproductive structure size and temperature was found. The optimal temperature for both mating types was 30 °C. SDA and YGPSA media are suitable for fast mycelial growth. Moreover, the effect of bee brood on fungus growth and development in vitro was investigated by modification of culture medium. The newly modified medium PDA-BB4 was most effective for the production of the reproductive structures. The result suggests that honey bee brood provides necessary nutrients for proper fungus development during in vitro cultivation. As there is no registered therapeutic agent against chalkbrood in most countries, including the European Union, the assessment of A. apis growth and development in different conditions could help to understand fungus pathogenesis and thus control chalkbrood disease.

Biochemical characterization of some raptor trypanosomes. I. In vitro cultivation and lectin-binding studies

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl E. Kirkpatrick ◽  
Cynthia A. Terway-Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Lectin Binding ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Type I ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Binding Characteristics ◽  
American Kestrels

Nine trypanosome strains from five species of raptors were cultivated in vitro in a monophasic medium. Two morphologically distinct trypanosomes were observed in culture: those from American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were smaller than the other strains. The two kestrel (KT) trypanosome strains showed in vitro growth kinetics that differed from the larger trypanosomes, and the KT strains, unlike the others, required hemin in the medium for growth. The effectiveness of eight plant lectins to induce the agglutination of cultured trypanosomes was studied as a means of differentiating the various strains. It was found that lectins from Lens culinaris and Ricinus communis (type I) were particularly effective in distinguishing the KT strains from the other raptor trypanosome strains. Based on the results of experiments in which lectin-mediated trypanosome agglutination was inhibited by the addition of various monosaccharides, it is concluded that all of the avian trypanosomes studied express surface methyl α-D-mannoside, D(+)-galactose, and (or) α-lactose. Only the relatively large raptor trypanosome isolates expressed N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, and α-L(−)-fucose on their surfaces. The differences in lectin-binding characteristics between the two morphologic types of raptor trypanosome were as great as those among each of the avian trypanosomes and the mammalian trypanosomatids Leishmania chagasi and Trypanosoma rhodesiense.

The in vitro cultivation of Hymenolepis microstoma from cysticercoid to egg-producing adult

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1135-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Liver Extract ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
General Body ◽  
Hymenolepis Microstoma

Cysticercoids of Hymenolepis microstoma have been cultured in vitro to egg-producing adults in 16 days using Eagle's medium with horse serum plus sheep or hamster liver extract, and ox bile. Bile was essential for egg production but not for general body growth. Worms became gravid when cultured under 0, 5, and 10% oxygen. However, growth and development was greatly inhibited when higher concentrations of oxygen were used.

scholarly journals Effects of in vitro Drought Stress on Growth, Proline Accumulation and Antioxidant Defense in Sugarcane

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Albuquerque Resende de Oliveira ◽  
Milena Nascimento Cardoso ◽  
Annie Carolina Araújo de Oliveira ◽  
Caroline De Araújo Machado ◽  
Bruno Trindade Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Saccharum Robustum

Drought is the most limiting environmental factor to crop productivity and presents a great variability in the degree of tolerance among and within species, among varieties. The aim of this study was to characterize sugarcane accessions regarding tolerance to water stress during in vitro cultivation based on changes in biometric, physiological and biochemical characteristics, within species and among species, to support future breeding programs. Adventitious shoots of five sugarcane accessions: Saccharum robustum, Saccharum spontaneum and Saccharum officinarum species, cultivated in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2% sucrose and 4 g/l Phytagel were used in five water potentials, 0, -0.3, -0.6, -0.9, -1.2 MPa, induced by mannitol. Survival, length of shoots and roots, number of shoots and roots, biomass, proline content in leaves and activity of antioxidant enzymes were analyzed. There is difference among species, and also, within the same sugarcane species when submitted to in vitro drought stress, and S. officinarum was shown to be the most tolerant. Proline can be used as a biochemical indicator of response to drought in sugarcane accessions and its accumulation was intensified in S. robustum and S. spontaneum accessions. Catalase activity remained unchanged with increased drought in sugarcane accessions evaluated.

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