scholarly journals Combate de coyolillo (Cyperus rotundus) en caña de azúcar (Saccharum off'icinarum L.): hacia un manejo integral.

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Carlos Segura N. ◽  
Renán Agüero A.
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
History Of Agriculture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tillage Treatment

Weed control is an important component of the production cost of sugarcane thus, it should be performed in a rational manner. The history of agriculture is rich i examples that confirm the integrated weed management(IWM) strategy as the most sustainable. An experiment comparing herbicides herbicides-tillage, tillage, and band control against whole area control was conductedin a field with ahistory ofhigh infestations of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.). Pyrazosulfuron-etil preemergence to the crop folIowed by 2,4-D postemergence to the crop showed a population of the weed similar to the glyphosate/tillage treatment as well as to the tillage/tillage treatment, in alI cases, significantly lower than the weedy check. Weed control over the whole area was equivalent to weed control in bands of 25 cm to each side of the crop rows in terms of crop yield. Other alternatives that might be used as part of an integrated weed management in conjunction with the best treatments found in this experiment are discussed.

scholarly journals Integrated Weed Management in Potato Using Straw Mulch and Atrazine

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makhan S. Bhullar ◽  
Simerjeet Kaur ◽  
Tarundeep Kaur ◽  
Amit J. Jhala
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Straw Mulch

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is one of four major food crops in the world. Weed control is a major component in potato production and has been accomplished using different methods, including but not limited to the use of herbicides and straw mulch. A combination of preemergence herbicide and straw mulch may improve weed control; however, no information is available for combining both methods, along with their effects on weed control, weed density, and potato tuber yields. The objective of this study was to evaluate weed control in potato using atrazine or straw mulch applied alone at different rates or in combination. A field experiment was conducted for 4 years from 2006 to 2010 in Ludhiana, Punjab, India. Common weeds included burclover (Medicago arabica), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), littleseed canarygrass (Phalaris minor), purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus), scarlet pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis), swinecress (Coronopus didymus), and toothed dock (Rumex dentatus). Results suggested that atrazine applied alone was not very effective and resulted in 0% to 78% control depending on the weed species being investigated at 30 days after treatment (DAT). Straw mulch applied alone at any rate provided ≥90% control of toothed dock, but control of other weed species was variable. A combination of atrazine and straw mulch at any rate usually resulted in >90% weed control at 30 DAT, except for swinecress and purple nutsedge. This treatment combination also resulted in weed density as low as 0 plant/m2 for common lambsquarters, scarlet pimpernel, and toothed dock. Potato tuber weight and yield was significantly higher in all treatments compared with untreated control without difference among them. It is concluded that a combination of straw mulch and atrazine can provide effective weed control in potato.

scholarly journals The Critical Period for Weed Control: Revisiting Data Analysis

Weed Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (SP1) ◽  
pp. 188-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stevan Z. Knezevic ◽  
Avishek Datta
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
The United States ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Yield Losses

There is an ever-larger need for designing an integrated weed management (IWM) program largely because of the increase in glyphosate-resistant weeds, not only in the United States but also worldwide. An IWM program involves a combination of various methods (cultural, mechanical, biological, genetic, and chemical) for effective and economical weed control (Swanton and Weise 1991). One of the first steps in designing an IWM program is to identify thecritical period for weed control(CPWC), defined as a period in the crop growth cycle during which weeds must be controlled to prevent crop yield losses (Zimdahl 1988).

Effect of Selected Pesticides on Conidial Germination and Mycelial Growth ofDactylaria higginsii, a Potential Bioherbicide for Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus)

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla B. Yandoc ◽  
E. N. Rosskopf ◽  
R.L.C.M. Pitelli ◽  
R. Charudattan
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Purple Nutsedge

The suitability of a bioherbicide as a component of an integrated weed management program not only relies on its field efficacy, but also on its compatibility with other pest control measures that may be employed during the cropping season. The effects of selected pesticides applied according to label rates onDactylaria higginsii, a biological control agent for purple nutsedge, were determined using mycelial growth on pesticide-amended potato dextrose agar (PDA) and conidial germination as indicators of pesticide sensitivity. Among the pesticides tested, the herbicides oxyfluorfen and sethoxydim and the fungicides fosetyl-Al and thiophanate methyl inhibitedD. higginsiimycelial growth and reduced or completely inhibited conidial germination; the herbicide diuron, the fungicides metalaxyl and copper hydroxide, and the insecticide cyromazine reduced mycelial growth but did not reduce conidial germination. The miticide dicofol reduced mycelial growth and completely inhibited conidial germination while the herbicide imazapyr had no adverse effect on either the mycelial growth or conidial germination ofD. higginsii.

scholarly journals Herbicide-resistant crops in resistant weed management : An industrial perspective

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Shaner
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

Some of the first products of biotechnology to reach the marketplace have been herbicide-resistant crops. Industry sees the development of herbicide-resistant varieties as a way to increase the availability of proven herbicides for a broader range of crops. However, the development of herbicide- resistant crops requires special attention to potential environmental questions such as herbicide usage, selection of resistant weed biotypes and spread of resistance from the resistant crop to wild species. Industry is actively addressing these concerns during the process of development. Proper development and use of herbicide-resistant crops in integrated weed management programs will provide farmers with increased flexibility, efficiency, and decreased cost in their weed control practices without increasing the risk of herbicide-resistant weeds. Furthermore, herbicide-resistant crops should prove to be valuable tools in managing herbicide- resistant weeds.

Managing Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Populations Utilizing Herbicide Strategies and Crop Rotation Sequences

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon S. Warren ◽  
Harold D. Coble
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Als Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitor Combination

Field experiments were conducted in North Carolina from 1994 through 1998 to evaluate the effects of five weed management strategies and four corn (Zeamays)–peanut (Arachis hypogaea) rotation sequences on purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) population development. Effects of these weed management programs on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and peanut production in following years were also investigated. Herbicide programs included a nontreated control, a carbamothioate preplant incorporated (PPI) combination treatment utilizing vernolate in peanut and butylate in corn, an early postemergence (EPOST) acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor combination treatment utilizing imazapic in peanut and halosulfuron in corn, and EPOST treatments of imazapic and imazethapyr in both peanut and imidazolinone-resistant corn. Crop rotation sequences for the 3 yr included continuous corn (CCC), corn–peanut–corn (CPC), peanut–corn–peanut (PCP), and continuous peanut (PPP). The imazapic and ALS inhibitor combination treatments both provided excellent shoot and tuber control. After 3 yr, imazapic and the ALS inhibitor combination treatment reduced shoot and tuber population densities to less than 10% of the nontreated control. Imazethapyr provided variable but better control than the carbamothioate treatment with tuber densities (measured from 0 to 15 cm soil depth) and shoot densities increasing from 733 to 2,901 tubers/m3of soil and 16 to 43 shoots/m2, respectively, after 3 yr. Tuber densities increased in the nontreated control from 626 to 9,145 tubers/m3of soil and from 962 to 5,466 tubers/m3of soil in the carbamothioate treatment during this same period. Also, shoot densities increased in the nontreated control from 22 to 159 shoots/m2and from 8 to 92 shoots/m2in the carbamothioate treatment. There was a 31% peanut yield reduction from 1994 to 1996 when peanut was continuously planted or rotated to corn for only 1 yr. Herbicide carryover effects were not observed in cotton during 1997.

Influence of AC 263,222 Rate and Application Method on Weed Management in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore M. Webster ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Harold D. Coble
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Control Effectiveness ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Rate Controlled ◽  
Ac 263,222 ◽  
Prickly Sida

Experiments were conducted in 1991 and 1992 to evaluate the weed control effectiveness from several rates of AC 263,222 applied PPI and PRE (36 and 72 g ai/ha), early POST (EPOST) (18, 36, 54, or 72 g/ha), POST (18, 36, 54, or 72 g/ha), and EPOST followed by (fb) POST (27 fb 27 g/ha or 36 fb 36 g/ha). These treatments were compared to the commercial standard of bentazon at 0.28 kg ai/ha plus paraquat at 0.14 kg ai/ha EPOST fb bentazon at 0.56 kg/ha plus paraquat at 0.14 kg/ha plus 2,4-DB at 0.28 kg ae/ha. Application method had little effect on weed control with AC 263,222. In contrast, application rate affected control. Purple nutsedge, yellow nutsedge, prickly sida, smallflower morningglory, bristly starbur, common cocklebur, and coffee senna were controlled at least 82% with AC 263,222 at 36 g/ha (one-half the maximum registered use rate) regardless of application method. AC 263,222 at 72 g/ha (registered use rate) controlled sicklepod 84 to 93%, Florida beggarweed 65 to 100%, andIpomoeamorningglory species 89 to 99%. A single application of AC 263,222 at 36 g/ha or more controlled all weeds (with the exception of Florida beggarweed) as well or greater than sequential applications of bentazon plus paraquat fb bentazon, paraquat, and 2,4-DB. All rates of AC 263,222 applied POST and all application methods of AC 263,222 at 72 g/ha had better yields than the pendimethalin control.

An Integrated Weed Management Approach to Managing Foxtail Barley (Hordeum jubatum) in Conservation Tillage Systems

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Blackshaw ◽  
Greg Semach ◽  
Xiangju Li ◽  
John T. O'Donovan ◽  
K. Neil Harker
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Perennial Plants

A 4-yr field experiment was conducted to determine the merits of combining cultural and chemical controls to manage foxtail barley in reduced-tillage systems. Factors studied were crop row spacing, seeding rate, and application rate and timing of glyphosate within a spring wheat-flax cropping sequence. Glyphosate applied preseeding at 400 or 800 g/ha killed foxtail barley seedlings but only suppressed established perennial plants. Glyphosate applied postharvest at 800 g/ha killed 60 to 70% of established plants. Combinations of preseeding and postharvest glyphosate gave the greatest reductions in foxtail barley biomass and seed production and resulted in the greatest increases in crop yield. Including flax in the rotation allowed use of grass herbicides such as quizalofop or sethoxydim that effectively controlled foxtail barley seedlings and provided some suppression of perennial plants. An increase in wheat seeding rate from 75 to 115 kg/ha reduced foxtail barley growth and increased wheat yield in 3 of 4 yr. Increasing the flax seeding rate from 40 to 80 kg/ha or reducing wheat and flax row spacing from 30 to 20 cm provided little benefit in managing foxtail barley or increasing crop yield. A multiyear approach combining agronomic practices and timely use of herbicides should allow growers to effectively manage foxtail barley in annual cropping systems using conservation tillage.

Herbicide Timing and Rate Effects on Weed Management in Three Herbicide-Resistant Canola Systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1006-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
George W. Clayton ◽  
John T. O'Donovan ◽  
Robert E. Blackshaw ◽  
F. Craig Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Herbicide Timing ◽  
Weed Removal

Herbicide-resistant canola dominates the canola market in Canada. A multiyear field experiment was conducted at three locations to investigate the effect of time of weed removal (two-, four-, or six-leaf canola) and herbicide rate (50 or 100% recommended) in three herbicide-resistant canola systems. Weeds were controlled in glufosinate-resistant canola (GLU) with glufosinate, in glyphosate-resistant canola (GLY) with glyphosate, and in imidazolinone-resistant canola (IMI) with a 50:50 mixture of imazamox and imazethapyr. Canola yields were similar among the three canola cultivar–herbicide systems. Yields were not influenced by 50 vs. 100% herbicide rates. Timing of weed removal had the greatest effect on canola yield, with weed removal at the four-leaf stage giving the highest yields in most cases. Percent dockage was often greater for GLU and IMI than for GLY. In comparison with the other treatments, dockage levels doubled for GLU after application at 50% herbicide rates. The consistency of monocot weed control was usually greater for GLY than for GLU or IMI systems. However, weed biomass data revealed no differences in dicot weed control consistency between IMI and GLY systems. Greater dockage and weed biomass variability after weed removal at the six-leaf stage or after low herbicide rates suggests higher weed seed production, which could constrain the adoption of integrated weed management practices in subsequent years.

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