scholarly journals Parámetros de producción y calidad de los cultivares de banano FHIA-17, FHIA-25 y Yangambi

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Saúl Brenes-Gamboa
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Black Sigatoka ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Degree Level ◽  
The Town ◽  
Brix Degree

The objective of this work was to determine indicators of growth, development, fruit characteristics, and organoleptic properties of banana FHIA-25, FHIA-17, and Yangambi cultivars. Five lots were chosen in different farms in the town of Turrialba, Costa Rica, during the years 2013 and 2014. Each lot contained 30 plants of each kind. Coco and Congo cultivars were included in the analysis of fruit and organoleptic properties since they have local importance as well. The FHIA-25 showed vigor and resistance to black Sigatoka, had a greater number of fruit bunches (13.8), and increased more than 47 kilograms the fruits weight. The highest brix degree level was obtained with the Gros Michel, which was the material that was used as a reference and which is traditionally grown in the area. Although FHIA-25 showed great agronomic performance, it just reached 17 brix degrees at the peak of its ripeness. Regarding consumers’ taste and preferences , 37% of interviewees said that FHIA-17 tasted well. The inclination towards Gros Michel was always higher; in addition to the aforementioned this type of analysis encourages seeking for new alternatives instead of relying on cultivars of this subgroup in order to satisfy the demand for this fruit for both fresh consumption and industry purposes.

scholarly journals Mejoramiento genético para tolerancia a altas temperaturas y resistencia a mosaico dorado en frijol común.

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Rosas ◽  
Aracely Castro ◽  
James S. Beaver ◽  
Carlos A. Pérez ◽  
Adrián Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Angular Leaf Spot ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Common Bacterial Blight ◽  
Commercial Value

In 1994-95, sources of heat tolerance were identified in common beans after screened several germplasm and advanced lines nurseries in Choluteca and Nacaome (≤ 50 masl), in the southern region of Honduras. The best heat tolerant genotypes were validated under greenhouse controlled conditions (35/27 °C day/night) in Geneva, New York. Afterward, crosses were made to develop small-red bean lines with heat tolerance and resistance to BGMV and other limiting factors. The F2- F5 segregant populations were evaluated for multiple traits including BGMV, common bacterial blight, angular leaf spot, rust, low fertility conditions, and selected for agronomic performance and commercial value. In 1998, 217 F6 and F7 advanced lines were evaluated in the irrigation district Lempa-Acahuapa (20 masl), in the Pacific region of El Salvador for heat tolerance and BGMV. The same nurseries were evaluated in Liberia, in the Northwest region of Costa Rica, for tolerance to high temperatures; and at Zamorano, Honduras for resistance to common bacterial blight, angular leaf spot and rust. A group of lines were identified having superior yield and adaptation than commercial checks, under high temperature conditions in El Salvador and Costa Rica. Some of these lines were also resistant to BGMV in El Salvador, and moderate resistant to web blight in Costa Rica, and they had excellent agronomic performance and good commercial value.

scholarly journals Population Structure of Pseudocercospora fijiensis in Costa Rica Reveals Shared Haplotype Diversity with Southeast Asian Populations

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (12) ◽  
pp. 1541-1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Saville ◽  
Melodi Charles ◽  
Suchitra Chavan ◽  
Miguel Muñoz ◽  
Luis Gómez-Alpizar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Black Sigatoka ◽  
Shared Haplotype ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Haplotypic Diversity ◽  
Pseudocercospora Fijiensis

Pseudocercospora fijiensis is the causal pathogen of black Sigatoka, a devastating disease of banana that can cause 20 to 80% yield loss in the absence of fungicides in banana crops. The genetic structure of populations of P. fijiensis in Costa Rica was examined and compared with Honduran and global populations to better understand migration patterns and inform management strategies. In total, 118 isolates of P. fijiensis collected from Costa Rica and Honduras from 2010 to 2014 were analyzed using multilocus genotyping of six loci and compared with a previously published global dataset of populations of P. fijiensis. The Costa Rican and Honduran populations shared haplotype diversity with haplotypes from Southeast Asia, Oceania, and the Americas but not Africa for all but one of the six loci studied. Gene flow and shared haplotype diversity was found in Honduran and Costa Rican populations of the pathogen. The data indicate that the haplotypic diversity observed in Costa Rican populations of P. fijiensis is derived from dispersal from initial outbreak sources in Honduras and admixtures between genetically differentiated sources from Southeast Asia, Oceania, and the Americas.

scholarly journals Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Unravel the Metabolic Pathway Variations for Different Sized Beech Mushrooms

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Son ◽  
Park ◽  
Jung ◽  
Singh ◽  
Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Differentially Expressed Gene ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Hypsizygus Marmoreus ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Intermediate Metabolites ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Terpenoid Metabolism ◽  
Growth Development

Beech mushrooms (Hypsizygus marmoreus) are largely relished for their characteristic earthy flavor, chewy-texture, and gustatory and nutritional properties in East Asian societies. Intriguingly, the aforementioned properties of beech mushroom can be subsumed under its elusive metabolome and subtle transcriptome regulating its various stages of growth and development. Herein, we carried out an integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling for different sized beech mushrooms across spatial components (cap and stipe) to delineate their signature pathways. We observed that metabolite profiles and differentially expressed gene (DEGs) displayed marked synergy for specific signature pathways according to mushroom sizes. Notably, the amino acid, nucleotide, and terpenoid metabolism-related metabolites and genes were more abundant in small-sized mushrooms. On the other hand, the relative levels of carbohydrates and TCA intermediate metabolites as well as corresponding genes were linearly increased with mushroom size. However, the composition of flavor-related metabolites was varying in different sized beech mushrooms. Our study explores the signature pathways associated with growth, development, nutritional, functional and organoleptic properties of different sized beech mushrooms.

scholarly journals Impact of coastal shrimp fishing on women and youth livelihoods and food security in Tárcoles, Costa Rica

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Lucas Judson ◽  
Vivianne Solís
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Fishing Communities ◽  
Artisanal Fishing ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The University ◽  
The Town ◽  
Vital Resource

Fishing communities often face similar challenges that include overfishing, lack of food security, and unenforced sustainability policies. Tárcoles, mid-Pacific coast of Costa Rica, generates the majority of its income through fishing. A local cooperative aids families with direct marketing, lowering middleman power and generally benefitting the community. To understand the role of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, we interviewed 47 women and youth (aged 13-72) and 41 young students (17-24) at the University of Costa Rica. We found that shrimp is a vital resource used both for food security and to improve economic situations of fishermen and women. People who have been fishing for more years perceive more positively the success of conservation efforts (P=0,05). Fishermen who have fished in more recent years also perceived greater success in shrimp recuperation in the town (P=0,03). At the University of Costa Rica, many students had at least a basic awareness of social and economic realities in rural fishing communities. Knowledge about artisanal fishing from UCR students was found to be very limited, with many respondents believing that artisanal fishing communities have no impact on large cities in Costa Rica. They should receive more education on this subject.

scholarly journals Awakening Transformative Learning: A Comparison of the Dissonance Experienced by Agriculture Majors During Study Abroad Courses to Costa Rica and Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janiece Pigg ◽  
Morgan Richardson ◽  
Richie Roberts ◽  
Kristin Stair
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Study Abroad ◽  
Transformative Learning ◽  
Global Competence ◽  
State University ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Louisiana State University ◽  
Beliefs And Values ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Degree Level

Students who have participated in study abroad courses exhibit an improved capacity for citizenship, emotional growth, and global competence. However, achieving such requires that study abroad courses be designed to allow students to question their underlying beliefs and values – a concept called dissonance. When individuals reflect on dissonance, it has been reported to spur a process in which their previously held perspectives are transformed. As such, this investigation sought to compare the dissonance experienced by agriculture majors (N =21) at Louisiana State University during study abroad courses to Costa Rica and Thailand. We bounded cases by academic college, degree level, and year. However, they were distinct regarding context and duration. As a result, two forms of dissonance were consistent across cases: intellectual and moral. However, within cases, we also distilled context-specific dissonance that students grappled with that helped them reconsider their previously held worldviews. Our findings demonstrated that when students processed dissonance productively, their global knowledge and perspectives were transformed. We also concluded that although shared forms of dissonance existed, it is imperative for faculty to design students’ experiences abroad purposefully to nurture students’ perspective changes in transformative ways. Keywords: Costa Rica; dissonance; study abroad; Thailand; university agriculture student

scholarly journals Characterization of Benomyl Resistance in Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Cause of Black Sigatoka of Banana, in Costa Rica

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 931-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Romero ◽  
Turner B. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Mycosphaerella Fijiensis ◽  
Black Sigatoka ◽  
History Of ◽  
Banana Plantations

Sixty-eight and eighty-six percent of monoascosporic isolates of Mycosphaerella fijiensis from two banana plantations in Costa Rica, in which benomyl was used for ≈10 years to control black Sigatoka, were resistant to benomyl in February and November 1994, respectively. No resistance to benomyl was detected in isolates collected during February 1994 from farms with no history of benomyl use that were located ≈50 km from the nearest banana plantations. Only 1% of isolates was resistant to benomyl in a sample taken during November 1994. In three additional banana farms where benomyl had not been used for 3 to 5 years before sampling, ben-omyl resistance persisted at a high frequency. Benomyl-resistant and -sensitive isolates were distributed equally throughout the range of isolate sensitivity to propiconazole, indicating no relationship between resistance to benomyl and lower sensitivity to propiconazole but double resistance to these two compounds. Five benomyl-resistant and five benomyl-sensitive isolates of M. fijiensis were inoculated to banana plants under greenhouse conditions. Benomyl-resistant isolates were more aggressive than benomyl-sensitive isolates, as determined by measures of disease severity, incubation time, and number of lesions at 40 days after inoculation.

scholarly journals Reaction of Four Musa Genotypes at Three Temperatures to Isolates of Mycosphaerella fijiensis from Different Geographical Regions

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 1139-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Romero ◽  
Turner B. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Mycosphaerella Fijiensis ◽  
Black Sigatoka ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Growth Chambers

Two tetraploid banana hybrids, FHIA1 and FHIA2, with resistance to black Sigatoka, and two highly susceptible, naturally occurring triploids, Grand Naine and False Horn, were evaluated at three temperatures for their resistance to isolates of Mycosphaerella fijiensis from five geographical regions. The youngest open leaf of young plants was inoculated, and plants were incubated at 22, 26, and 30°C in growth chambers. Duration of the incubation period and disease severity were used to evaluate the reactions of the genotypes. The incubation period was the shortest at 26°C. Disease severity was greatest at 26°C on Grand Naine and False Horn, but there was no clear temperature effect for the FHIA genotypes. The incubation period was longer on both FHIA genotypes than on Grand Naine and False Horn. With few exceptions, isolates with the shortest incubation periods caused greater disease severity than those with longer incubation periods. The level of resistance between the two FHIA genotypes was similar, and both expressed high resistance across temperatures and isolates of M. fijiensis, indicating that no physiological races of the pathogen were detected. There were differences in durations of the incubation periods and disease severities associated with the geographical origin of the isolates. Isolates that originated in Honduras, Colombia, and Costa Rica produced more disease on Grand Naine and False Horn than did isolates from Cameroon and Asia. However, no differences associated with the geographical origin of the isolates were observed for both FHIA genotypes. Also, there were no differences in disease severities within isolates that originated from Honduras, Colombia, and Costa Rica.

scholarly journals Agronomic Performance of Plantain Cultivars (Musa spp.) in Efficient Mixing Situation for the Control of Black Sigatoka in Southern Côte d’Ivoire

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuo Seydou ◽  
Amari Ler-N`ogn ◽  
Cherif Mamadou ◽  
Ouedraogo Somgnogdin ◽  
Kassi Fernand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Black Sigatoka ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Musa Spp ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

scholarly journals Dynamics of QoI Sensitivity in Mycosphaerella fijiensis in Costa Rica During 2000 to 2003

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 1451-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Amil ◽  
S. P. Heaney ◽  
C. Stanger ◽  
M. W. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Amplification Refractory Mutation System ◽  
Single Point Mutation ◽  
Mycosphaerella Fijiensis ◽  
Black Sigatoka

From 1997 onward, the strobilurin fungicide azoxystrobin was widely used in the main banana-production zone in Costa Rica against Mycosphaerella fijiensis var. difformis causing black Sigatoka of banana. By 2000, isolates of M. fijiensis with resistance to the quinolene oxidase inhibitor fungicides were common on some farms in the area. The cause was a single point mutation from glycine to alanine in the fungal target protein, cytochrome b gene. An amplification refractory mutation system Scorpion quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay was developed and used to determine the frequency of G143A allele in samples of M. fijiensis. Two hierarchical surveys of spatial variability, in 2001 and 2002, found no significant variation in frequency on spatial scales <10 m. This allowed the frequency of G143A alleles on a farm to be estimated efficiently by averaging single samples taken at two fixed locations. The frequency of G143A allele in bulk samples from 11 farms throughout Costa Rica was determined at 2-month intervals. There was no direct relationship between the number of spray applications and the frequency of G143A on individual farms. Instead, the frequency converged toward regional averages, presumably due to the large-scale mixing of ascospores dispersed by wind. Using trap plants in an area remote from the main producing area, immigration of resistant ascospores was detected as far as 6 km away both with and against the prevailing wind.

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