Dehydration of Fermented Manioc Rasp

The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of the Ripa enriched with urea, yeast and sugar cane molasses, fermented and subjected to the drying process. Using as parameters: moisture content, Brix, pH, acidity and protein content. We used a completely randomized design with ten replications, two treatments and one control. The model included non-fermented (RNFM) and fermented (RFM) treatments of the variety of Rosinha cassava. Fermentation was performed during 132 hours under ambient conditions, with a 10% yeast treatment (w/V), 4% Urea (w/V) and 20% molasses (w/V) and the other 70 ml of distilled water. Regarding the moisture content of the material after the dehydration period, mean values between 46.42% and 58.33% were observed. The Brix degree of the water treatment and the control samples did not differ, however, differed from the treatment urea + molasses + yeast, which presented the highest values of this parameter. The pH averages ranged from 4.49 to 7.85, differing statistically. Titratable acidity ranged from 1.760 to 14.040. A considerable gain of crude protein was observed in the treatment urea + molasses + yeast, which was statistically higher than the others.

Medidor de grados Brix en Uvas

Contribution: The brix degree meter has the purpose of using it in the field and in the laboratory to collect the information corresponding to this parameter (brix degrees) to sample the crops of vegetables, fruit trees and mainly grapes that are held in the vineyards of the Technological University of North of Aguascalientes, being able to monitor the ripeness of the grapes as well as the grapevines of these vineyards through data collection and analysis, and even decide based on the results of brix grades taken and analyzed by the meter to harvest this product at the best time. Objectives: To develop a brix degree meter for both didactic and professional use, which allows us to sample this parameter in the field in the plants and mainly in the fruit of the vineyards of the Technological University of the North of Aguascalientes and in the surrounding region of the same for monitor the degree of maturity of the crops and thus determine the best seasonality of harvesting the grapes based on data analysis trying to obtain the best product for the production of table wines. Methodology: The light refraction method and also for conductivity should be considered to develop the device to measure the brix degrees, since they are a simple and commonly used methods, the electronic processing of the sample in the same device will be done a comparison of parameters according to the scale determined for the different types of grapes that you want to monitor, the data of a number of samples will be stored and the necessary statistical calculations will be made that will yield the result and will suggest in based on these the ideal time of harvest, said data may be downloaded in a database for its history and laboratory monitoring.

Effets Des Technologies Membranaires Sur Les Caracteristiques Physicochimiques Des Extraits De Fruits De La Passion (Passiflora Edulis)

The passion fruit or grenadilla is usually consumed in the form of juice and its pleasant intensive aroma and flavor make it an attractive element for the food industry. The objective of the present work is to determine the effects of membrane technologies such as tangential microfiltration and reverse osmosis on the physicochemical characteristics of passion fruit extracts. The characteristics of the various extracts were determined according to conventional methods. In addition, statistical methods were applied to the data collected in order to determine the effects of membrane technologies. The results showed a yield of 89.33% for the extraction of the microfiltered juice and a volume reduction factor of 16.75 for the concentrate. In addition, the microfiltration-concentration process significantly (p <0.05) influenced the physicochemical parameters of the extracts produced. Thus, tangential microfiltration made it possible to clarify the crude extract by changing from a turbidity of 89.23 ± 1.71 to 0.72 ± 0.02 NTU. It has also resulted in a significant decrease in pH and flavonoids contents. Principal component analysis confirmed the existence of differences between the extracts produced despite the various correlations between their characteristics. It revealed that the JB and CMFT extracts are characterized by their high pH and low density. On the other hand, the COI extract is characterized by its brix degree, viscosity, conductivity and high vitamin C content. In addition, reverse osmosis has the advantage of concentrating the compounds of interest of clarified juice with a concentration factor ranging from 2.15 to 9.39.

Shade Trees Spatial Distribution and Its Effect on Grains and Beverage Quality of Shaded Coffee Trees

Shading coffee trees has gained importance, especially among smallholders, as an option to improve the products’ quality, therefore acquiring place at the specialty coffee market, where consumers are willing to give bonus for quality. This work aims to evaluate the influence of shade trees’ spatial distribution among coffee trees’ agronomic characteristics, yield, and beans and cup quality of shaded coffee trees. The experimental design consisted of completely randomized blocks with six repetitions and four treatments: coffee trees on shade trees planting rows, distant one meter from the trunk; coffee trees on shade trees planting row, distant six meters from the trunk; and coffee plants between the rows of shade trees, parallel to the previous treatments. The parameters analyzed were plant height, canopy diameter, plagiotropic branches’ length, yield, coffee fruits’ phenological stage, ripe cherries’ Brix degree, percentage of black, unripe, and insect damaged beans, bean size, and beverage quality. Shade trees quickened coffee fruits’ phenological stage of coffee trees nearest to them. This point also showed the best beverage quality, except for overripe fruits. The remaining parameters evaluated were not affected by shade trees’ spatial distribution.

Parámetros de producción y calidad de los cultivares de banano FHIA-17, FHIA-25 y Yangambi

The objective of this work was to determine indicators of growth, development, fruit characteristics, and organoleptic properties of banana FHIA-25, FHIA-17, and Yangambi cultivars. Five lots were chosen in different farms in the town of Turrialba, Costa Rica, during the years 2013 and 2014. Each lot contained 30 plants of each kind. Coco and Congo cultivars were included in the analysis of fruit and organoleptic properties since they have local importance as well. The FHIA-25 showed vigor and resistance to black Sigatoka, had a greater number of fruit bunches (13.8), and increased more than 47 kilograms the fruits weight. The highest brix degree level was obtained with the Gros Michel, which was the material that was used as a reference and which is traditionally grown in the area. Although FHIA-25 showed great agronomic performance, it just reached 17 brix degrees at the peak of its ripeness. Regarding consumers’ taste and preferences , 37% of interviewees said that FHIA-17 tasted well. The inclination towards Gros Michel was always higher; in addition to the aforementioned this type of analysis encourages seeking for new alternatives instead of relying on cultivars of this subgroup in order to satisfy the demand for this fruit for both fresh consumption and industry purposes.

Cadmium induced modification of sugar accumulation and translocation along sweet sorghum stem

Sweet sorghum has become a candidate species for combining phytoremediation with biofuel production due to heavy metal resistance, great biomass and sugar enrichment in stem. However, the influence of heavy metals on sugar accumulation in sweet sorghum is still unknown. In this study, Cd induced modification of sugar storage and translocation in stem was monitored using two sweet sorghum cultivars Keller (KE) and E-tian (ET). Brix degree, which represents sugar content in stem juice, displays significant reduction in response to exogenous Cd treatment in both lines. The sugar enrichment is more obviously repressed in the lower internodes while it is hardly affected in the top internodes. Excessive Cd results in drastically enhanced Cd accumulation, preferentially in the lower internodes. More interestingly, negative correlation between Cd and sugar content is detected along internodes, indicating antagonistic translocation between Cd and sugar along stem of sweet sorghum. The preferential compartmentation of Cd and sugar in different regions of stem provides novel insights into understanding and application of sweet sorghum for combining biofuel production with phytoremediation of heavy metal in soil.