scholarly journals Efectividad a nivel in vitro de Trichoderma spp. nativos e importados contra Fusarium oxysporum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Rodríguez García ◽  
Amy Wang Wong
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Spp

Introducción. Los hongos fitopatógenoscausan pérdidas en la producción de tomate ypor ello es importante y necesaria la búsquedade alternativas orientadas al manejo de agentesantagonistas que sean eficientes y compatibles con el ambiente. Objetivo. Determinar la efectividad de cepas nativas e importadas de Trichoderma spp. en el combate de Fusarium spp. a nivel de laboratorio. Materiales y métodos. Se emplearon productos comerciales de Trichoderma spp. con cepas nativas (THM-03 y THM-04) e importadas (THU-01 de Estados Unidos yTHC-02 de Colombia). El patógeno fue aisladode plantas enfermas de tomate, para los cualesse empleó análisis molecular y morfológico para su identificación. Se utilizó la técnica de cultivo dual para evaluar los radios de crecimiento del antagonista (RCA) y del patógeno (RCP), el micoparasitismo y el porcentaje de inhibición del crecimiento radial (PICR). Resultados. Se identificaron las especies T. asperellum, T.  asperelloides y T. guizhouense; el patógenose identificó como F. oxysporum. Los valorespromedios de los RCA fueron 26,5; 39,3; 41,2y 32,1 mm para THU-01, THC-02, THM-03 yTHM-04, respectivamente, y 42,75 mm para lostestigos. En cuanto al micoparasitismo, se obtuvoque THC-02, THM-03 y THM-04 presentaroninvasión completa de la colonia del patógeno conesporulación y THU-01 solo logró invadir un cuarto de la superficie del patógeno. Se determinó el PICR, en el que se encontraron diferencias entre cepas donde las más efectivas fueron THM-3 y THC-2 con 67% y 63% de inhibición,respectivamente. Conclusión. En este estudio in vitro se encontraron diferencias en la capacidad antagónica de las especies de Trichoderma frente al patógeno F. oxysporum. Las cepas T.asperellum, T. asperelloides y la cepa nativa deT. guizhouense mostraron ser más agresivas enel combate del patógeno, independientemente desu procedencia, por lo que se podría ampliar elestudio con el uso de más aislamientos.

scholarly journals Indole-Containing Phytoalexin-Based Bioisosteres as Antifungals: In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation against Fusarium oxysporum

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Andrea Angarita-Rodríguez ◽  
Diego Quiroga ◽  
Ericsson Coy-Barrera
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Molecular Mechanic ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Molecular Interaction Fields ◽  
Poisson Boltzmann

There is a continuous search for more reliable and effective alternatives to control phytopathogens through different strategies. In this context, indole-containing phytoalexins are stimuli-induced compounds implicated in plant defense against plant pathogens. However, phytoalexins’ efficacy have been limited by fungal detoxifying mechanisms, thus, the research on bioisosteres-based analogs can be a friendly alternative regarding the control of Fusarium phytopathogens, but there are currently few studies on it. Thus, as part of our research on antifungal agents, a set of 21 synthetic indole-containing phytoalexin analogs were evaluated as inhibitors against the phyopathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Results indicated that analogs of the N,N-dialkylthiourea, N,S-dialkyldithiocarbamate and substituted-1,3-thiazolidin-5-one groups exhibited the best docking scores and interaction profiles within the active site of Fusarium spp. enzymes. Vina scores exhibited correlation with experimental mycelial growth inhibition using supervised statistics, and this antifungal dataset correlated with molecular interaction fields after CoMFA. Compound 24 (tert-butyl (((3-oxo-1,3-diphenylpropyl)thio)carbonothioyl)-l-tryptophanate), a very active analog against F. oxysporum, exhibited the best interaction with lanosterol 14α-demethylase according to molecular docking, molecular dynamics and molecular mechanic/poisson-boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) binding energy performance. After data analyses, information on mycelial growth inhibitors, structural requirements and putative enzyme targets may be used in further antifungal development based on phytoalexin analogs for controlling phytopathogens.

scholarly journals Self-Inhibitory Activity of Trichoderma Soluble Metabolites and Their Antifungal Effects on Fusarium oxysporum

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Samuel Álvarez-García ◽  
Sara Mayo-Prieto ◽  
Santiago Gutiérrez ◽  
Pedro Antonio Casquero
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Macroscopic Structure ◽  
Biocontrol Activity ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Phytopathogenic Microorganisms

Self-inhibitory processes are a common feature shared by different organisms. One of the main mechanisms involved in these interactions regarding microorganisms is the release of toxic diffusible substances into the environment. These metabolites can exert both antimicrobial effects against other organisms as well as self-inhibitory ones. The in vitro evaluation of these effects against other organisms has been widely used to identify potential biocontrol agents against phytopathogenic microorganisms. In the present study, we performed membrane assays to compare the self-inhibitory effects of soluble metabolites produced by several Trichoderma isolates and their antifungal activity against a phytopathogenic strain of Fusarium oxysporum. The results demonstrated that Trichoderma spp. present a high self-inhibitory activity in vitro, being affected in both their growth rate and the macroscopic structure of their colonies. These effects were highly similar to those exerted against F. oxysporum in the same conditions, showing no significant differences in most cases. Consequently, membrane assays may not be very informative by themselves to assess putative biocontrol capabilities. Therefore, different methods, or a combination of antifungal and self-inhibitory experiments, could be a better approach to evaluate the potential biocontrol activity of microbial strains in order to pre-select them for further in vivo trials.

scholarly journals Morphological and molecular characterization of Fusarium spp. associated to the regional occurrence of wilt and dry bud rot in Agave tequilana

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viridiana López-Bautista ◽  
Gustavo Mora-Aguilera ◽  
María Alejandra Gutiérrez-Espinosa ◽  
Coral Mendoza-Ramos ◽  
Verónica Inés Martínez-Bustamante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Agave Tequilana ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Impacto Económico ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Characterization

<p>La marchitez y pudrición seca del cogollo del agave (<em>Agave tequilana</em> var. azul) son enfermedades de alto impacto económico para este cultivo. En este trabajo se planteó determinar la implicación de <em>Fusarium</em> spp. en ambas enfermedades bajo un enfoque regional. Se colectaron muestras de raíz y suelo en 40 plantaciones comerciales ubicadas en 13 municipios de Los Altos Jalisco, importante región de cultivo de agave azul en México. De cada plantación de colecta se estimó carga de inóculo mediante un índice de <em>Fusarium</em> obtenido de unidades formadoras de colonias (<em>Fusarium</em> vs hongos totales) y se analizó su relación con pH y materia orgánica. Se obtuvieron 109 aislados caracterizados morfológicamente como <em>Fusarium</em> spp. de los cuales se seleccionaron 25 para identificación molecular con ITS y EF-1a. La selección consideró sintomatología, caracteres macro y microscópicos y prevalencia de tipologías de colonia observadas <em>in vitro</em> en medios Komada, Sabouraud, SNA y CLA. Los caracteres culturales y morfológicos evaluados fueron: coloración micelial, tamaño, forma y septación de macro y microconidios, y longitud y número de fiálides. Se asociaron cinco especies con marchitez y/o pudrición seca ubicadas en tres complejos filogenéticos: <em>F. oxysporum</em> del complejo de especies <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> (FOSC) con 56% (46.2% suelo y 66.7% raíz) de representatividad regional; <em>F. solani, F. falciforme</em> y <em>Fusarium</em> sp. del complejo <em>Fusarium solani</em> (FSSC) (40%); y <em>Fusarium</em> sp. del complejo <em>Fusarium fujikuroi</em> (FFSC) (4%). MO y pH tuvieron correlación inversamente proporcional con Índice de <em>Fusarium</em> (<em>r2</em> = 0.68-0.70). Se postula que la marchitez y pudrición seca del cogollo de agave azul constituyen un síndrome en el cual se asocian y especializan parasíticamente diversas especies de <em>Fusarium</em>. Se encontró un aislado de los tres complejos de <em>Fusarium</em> asociados específicamente a cada tipo de síntoma y la combinación de ellos. La mayoría se asociaron a marchitez con predominancia de<em> F. oxysporum. </em>  </p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Trichoderma spp. from Rhizosphere Soil and Their Antagonistic Activity against Fusarium spp.

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
Jaygendra Kumar ◽  
Mukesh Kumar ◽  
Akash Tomar ◽  
. Vaishali ◽  
Pushpendra Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Species

Trichoderma species are well known for their biocontrol activity which colonize many soil and tuber-borne and foliage plant pathogens. In this study, 12 native isolates of Trichiderma spp were collected from various crop rhizosphere soil samples and characterized them phenotypically based on morphological and cultural features and genotypically based on sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region-PCR amplification. The results obtained from phenotypic and genotypic observation revealed that isolates were belonged to five different species namely T. asperellum, T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, T. koningii and T. koningiopsis. All Trichoderma isolates produced ~600 bp amplicon and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all isolates were grouped with respective species. Further, the antagonistic potential of all the isolates was evaluated against Fusarium spp. following in vitro dual culture method. The results showed that isolates of T. harzianum exhibited maximum growth inhibition activity. The highest rate of inhibition was recorded with T. harzianum isolate TBT6 (87.1%) followed by TBT7 (82.2%), while the least inhibition was observed in T. longibrachiatum isolate TBT10 (59.7%) after 7 days of incubation. The antagonistic T. harzianum isolate TBT6 can be used for development of Trichoderma based bio-formulation and served as bio-control agent against Fusaium spp. under field conditions.

scholarly journals Action of Trichodermil 1306 in the control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in tomato crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isis Bruna Portolan ◽  
Silmara Rodrigues Pietrobelli ◽  
Gabriela Silva Moura ◽  
Aline Pomari Fernandes ◽  
Lisandro Tomas da Silva Bonome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Tomato Seeds ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Lower Root ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, is one of the most important diseases of tomato crop in Brazil. Several alternatives to fungicides have been evaluated in search for products that control this disease and have low environmental impact and toxicity to living beings. In this context, the use of Trichoderma spp. is an alternative to agrochemicals, since they are bioregulators and antagonists of several phytopathogens. This work aimed to evaluate the antagonistic and mycoparasitory action of the Trichodermil 1306 biofungicide against F. oxysporum, and its action in the control of fusarium wilt in tomato seeds and seedlings. The biofungicide was used at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 150% of the dose recommended for application of 20 L with a backpack sprayer. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five replications. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and mean compared by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. The 100% Trichodermil concentration was the most efficient for treating tomato seeds. Although this concentration did not show differences in relation to the lowest dose used (50%) in the tomato seed antagonism, mycoparasitism and F. oxysporum incidence tests were recommended because that the lowest concentration resulted in 18% lower root protrusion than that observed with 100% dosage. The in vitro antagonistic and mycoparasitory action of this biological fungicide indicates its potential in the control of fusarium wilt in tomato crops.

scholarly journals PRODUCCIÓN Y EFECTO ANTAGÓNICO DE QUITINASAS Y GLUCANASAS POR Trichoderma spp., EN LA INHIBICIÓN DE Fusarium subglutinans y Fusarium oxysporum IN VITRO

2005 ◽  
Vol XI (2) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. Michel-Aceves ◽  
◽  
M.A. Otero-Sánchez ◽  
O. Rebolledo-Domínguez ◽  
R. Lezama-Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Subglutinans ◽  
Trichoderma Spp

scholarly journals Trichoderma spp. biocontrolador de marchitez vascular (Fusarium spp.) de la berenjena en el Caribe colombiano

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-169
Author(s):  
María del Valle Rodríguez Pinto ◽  
Rodrigo Orlando Campo Arana ◽  
Carlos Enrique Cardona Ayala ◽  
Eduardo Emilio Manjarres Cogolllo ◽  
Billy Jose Rossi Torecilla
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Para Determinar

La berenjena es una solanacea afectada por la Marchitez Vascular (MV) asociada a Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongena que destruye el tejido vascular, causando clorosis y finalmente muerte de la planta, generando pérdidas entre 70 y 90 % de la producción en cultivos establecidos del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. El objetivo fue identificar cepas nativas de Trichoderma spp. para el biocontrol de Fusarium spp., en berenjena. Fueron aisladas de campo cinco cepas de Trichoderma spp: TC05, TM04, TS03, TC02, TM01 y cinco cepas de Fusarium spp: FM01, FS02, FC03, FC04, FS05, en laboratorio mediante cultivos duales bajo un diseño completamente al azar (DCA) con cinco repeticiones en arreglo factorial 5x6, donde el primer factor correspondió a las cepas de Fusarium spp., y el segundo a las cepas de Trichoderma spp. y un testigo, fue medido  a las cepas de Fusarium spp. el diámetro de la colonia para determinar el porcentaje de inhibición y la eficiencia de biocontrol de Trichoderma spp. siendo la cepa TC05 la mejor al inhibir entre 73 y 91,2 % las cinco cepas de Fusarium spp; posteriormente en casa malla fue evaluado el biocontrol de la MV bajo un diseño completamente al azar con cinco tratamientos y nueve repeticiones, preinoculando plántulas de berenjena con la cepa TC05 en dosis 1x108, 1x107, 1x106 UFC mL-1, una cepa comercial de Trichoderma spp dosis 1x108 UFC mL-1 y un testigo (control con agua), y 10 días después de inoculadas (DDI) con la cepa FS02. Los resultados a los 45 DDI los índices de la enfermedad foliar e índice de decoloración vascular fueron menores con Trichoderma spp, respecto al testigo con incidencia de 45 % con MV. Se concluye que la cepa nativa TC05, tiene potencial para ser utilizada en el manejo integrado de la MV de la berenjena en Córdoba, Colombia.  

scholarly journals Potensi Trichoderma spp. sebagai Agens Pengendali Fusarium spp. Penyebab Penyakit Layu pada Tanaman Stroberi

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutia Erti Dwiastuti ◽  
Melisa N Fajri ◽  
Yunimar Yunimar
Keyword(s):  
Fragaria X Ananassa ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp

<p>Layu yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium spp. merupakan salah satu penyakit penting tanaman stroberi (Fragaria x ananassa<br />Dutch.) di daerah subtropika, yang dapat menggagalkan panen. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari potensi Trichoderma spp.<br />dalam mengendalikan Fusarium spp. Isolat Trichoderma spp. diisolasi dari rizosfer tanaman stroberi dan Fusarium spp. diisolasi<br />dari tanaman stroberi yang mengalami layu fusarium. Isolat cendawan dimurnikan, dikarakterisasi, dan dibandingkan dengan isolat<br />cendawan acuan. Uji antagonis dilakukan secara in vitro dan in vivo. Uji in vitro dilakukan dengan metode dual culture dan slide<br />culture. Uji in vivo dilakukan di rumah kasa menggunakan dua varietas stroberi, yaitu Santung serta California. Hasil penelitian <br />in vitro memperoleh dua jenis isolat cendawan antagonis, yaitu Trichoderma sp.1 dan Trichoderma sp.2, dan dua jenis cendawan <br />patogen Fusarium, yaitu Fusarium sp.1 dan Fusarium sp.2. Isolat Trichoderma sp.1 memiliki kemampuan antagonisme lebih tinggi<br />dibandingkan dengan isolat Trichoderma sp.2. Isolat Trichoderma sp.1 mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Fusarium sp.1 dan<br />Fusarium sp.2 secara berturut- turut, yaitu 49,7% dan 49,6%. Isolat Trichoderma sp.2 mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Fusarium<br />sp.1 dan Fusarium sp.2 lebih rendah, yaitu sebesar 45,8% dan 43,4%. Mekanisme antagonis yang terjadi antara cendawan antagonis<br />dan patogen pada uji in vitro, yaitu pembelitan dan intervensi hifa. Hasil pada uji in vivo pada perlakuan Trichoderma sebelum<br />Fusarium menunjukkan keefektifan pengendalian paling baik (41,72%) dibanding perlakuan lain. Varietas Santung lebih tahan<br />terhadap serangan patogen dibandingkan varietas California. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini adalah, agens hayati Trichoderma<br />spp. lebih optimal digunakan sebagai pencegahan (preventif) tanpa menunggu tanaman terinfeksi penyakit layu fusarium.</p>

scholarly journals Diversity of Nematode Microbial Antagonists from Algeria Shows Occurrence of Nematotoxic Trichoderma spp.

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 941
Author(s):  
Nawal Benttoumi ◽  
Mariantonietta Colagiero ◽  
Samira Sellami ◽  
Houda Boureghda ◽  
Abdelaziz Keddad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Phytoparasitic Nematodes ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Fungi and bacteria associated to phytoparasitic nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and Meloidogyne spp. in Algeria were identified and characterized. Trichoderma spp. showed the highest prevalence in the cysts of G. rostochiensis. A number of isolates were identified through PCR amplification and the sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1-2 and Rpb2 gene regions. The most represented species were T. harzianum and T. afroharzianum. The latter and T. hirsutum were reported for the first time in Algeria. Fusarium spp., including F. oxysporum and F. solani, comprised a second group of fungi found in cysts. Taxa associated to females of Meloidogyne spp. included T. harzianum, Fusarium spp. and other hyphomycetes. To assess the efficacy of Trichoderma spp., two assays were carried out in vitro with the culture filtrates of two T. afroharzianum and T. harzianum isolates, to check their toxicity versus the second stage juveniles of M. incognita. After 24–48 h exposure, a mortality significantly higher than the control was observed for both filtrates at 1% dilutions. The TRI genes involved in the production of trichothecenes were also amplified with the PCR from some Trichoderma spp. isolates and sequenced, supporting a putative role in nematode toxicity. Bacteria isolated from the cysts of G. rostochiensis included Brucella, Rhizobium, Stenotrophomonas and Bacillus spp., identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The potential of the microbial isolates identified and their mechanisms of action are discussed, as part of a sustainable nematode management strategy.

scholarly journals Eficácia de Fusarium spp. no controle da murcha-de-curtobacterium do feijoeiro

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Rafael Moreira Soares ◽  
Antonio Carlos Maringoni
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Spp

RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar a ação inibitória de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli e Fusarium spp. in vitro sobre isolados de Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff) e ação de Fusarium spp. no controle da murcha-de-curtobacteriurn, em plantas de feijoeiro cultivar IAC Carioca, conduzidas em vaso com substrato infestado pelo fungo em quatro concentrações. Os isolados de F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli e Fusarium spp. cultivados sobre discos de papel-de-filtro em meio de cultura agarizado produziram metabólitos que inibiram o crescimento dos isolados de Cff. Porém, extratos obtidos por filtragem de cultivos dos isolados fúngicos em meio líquido não inibiram, in vitro, o crescimento dos isolados de Cff. Os isolados de Fusarium spp. infestados no substrato, independente da concentração utilizada, não foram eficazes no controle da murcha-de-curtobacterium nas plantas de feijoeiro.

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