scholarly journals Toxicity evaluation of Yellow Grosbeak, Pheucticus chrysopeplus (Aves: Cardinalidae), feather extract using Brine Shrimp, Artemia salina, lethality test as in vivo model

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1530
Author(s):  
Erick Manuel Andrade-Zuñiga ◽  
Miguel Morales ◽  
Daniel Ariano-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Significant Difference

Chemical defense is a widespread mechanism on many animals and plants. However, just a few cases are known for avian species. In this study we evaluate the toxicity of Pheucticus chrysopeplus feather extract via lethality test with brine shrimp (Artemia salina) as an in vivo model. Mortality of A. salina was evaluated after 24 hour exposure to artificial seawater, methanol, and the methanolic feather extract. Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference in mortality between treatments (X2 = 65.25, P < 0.0001, n = 50). With this we describe P. chrysopeplus as the first known toxic avian species of Guatemala and Central America, raising awareness about its conservation and the identification of the toxic substance present in its feathers. We also highlight the possible mimicry mechanism taking part between P. chrysopeplus and two sympatric oriole species (Icterus pectoralis and I. pustulatus).

scholarly journals In vivo and in vitro antiplasmodial activities of some plants traditionally used in Guatemala against malaria.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1500-1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
F F Franssen ◽  
L J Smeijsters ◽  
I Berger ◽  
B E Medinilla Aldana
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Simarouba Glauca

We present an evaluation of the antiplasmodial and cytotoxic effects of four plants commonly used in Guatemalan folk medicine against malaria. Methanol extracts of Simarouba glauca D. C., Sansevieria guineensis Willd, Croton guatemalensis Lotsy, and Neurolaena lobata (L.)R.Br. significantly reduced parasitemias in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Dichloromethane fractions were screened for their cytotoxicities on Artemia salina (brine shrimp) larvae, and 50% inhibitory concentrations were determined for Plasmodium falciparum in in vitro cultures. Both chloroquine-susceptible and -resistant strains of P. falciparum were significantly inhibited by these extracts. Of all dichloromethane extracts, only the S. glauca cortex extract was considered to be toxic to nauplii of A. salina in the brine shrimp test.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Jenis Pelarut dalam Uji Sitotoksistas Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) pada Wound Dressing Kolagen-Kitosan

al-Kimiya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Ary Andini ◽  
Endah Prayekti ◽  
Fadillah Triasmoro ◽  
Indah Nur Kamaliyah
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality

Kolagen dan kitosan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pembalut luka karena memiliki karakteristik yang baik. Namun, pembalut luka kolagen-kitosan perlu dilakukan uji sitotoksisitas sebelum diaplikasikan secara in vivo, seperti Brine Shrimp Lethally Test (BSLT). Pembalut luka kolagen-kitosan tidak dapat larut dalam Dimetil Sulfoksida (DMSO) dan aquadest dengan mudah, oleh karena itu perlu pertimbangan alternatif pelarut karena kolagen dan kitosan lebih mudah larut dalam pelarut asam seperti asam klorida (HCl) dan asam asetat ( CH3COOH). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Lethal Concentration  50 (LC50) dari pembalut luka kolagen-kitosan yang dilarutkan dalam pelarut DMSO, HCl, CH3COOH dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Pembalut luka kolagen-kitosan didapatkan dengan mencampurkan larutan kitosan 2% dan kolagen dengan perbandingan 1:1 w/w kemudian dihomogenkan, dicetak, dan dikeringkan.  Penelitian ini menggunakan uji sitotoksisitas dengan metode BSLT dan LC50 dihitung menggunakan Analisis Probit. Pembalut luka dilarutkan dalam pelarut DMSO 1%, CH3COOH 1%, dan HCl 1% hingga homogen, kemudian diencerkan dengan berbagai konsentrasi yaitu 100 ppm, 250 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm, dan 1000 ppm dengan tiga kali ulangan untuk setiap perlakuan. Setelah itu uji BSLT dilakukan dengan menggunakan Artemia salina. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembalut luka yang dilarutkan dalam DMSO 1% memiliki LC50 > 1000 ppm, sedangkan pada pelarut CH3COOH dan pelarut  HCl menunjukkan  LC50< 30. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pelarut DMSO bersifat non-toksik (LC50  > 1000 ppm), tetapi pelarut CH3COOH 1% dan HCl 1% bersifat sangat toksik (LC50 < 30 ppm) sebagai pelarut alternatif pembalut luka kolagen-kitosan pada uji BSLT.

Differential response to myocardial reperfusion injury in eNOS-deficient mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (6) ◽  
pp. H2422-H2426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent R. Sharp ◽  
Steven P. Jones ◽  
David M. Rimmer ◽  
David J. Lefer
Keyword(s):  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Myocardial Necrosis ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Inos Mrna ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Deficient Mice

Two strains of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-deficient (−/−) mice have been developed that respond differently to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R). We evaluated both strains of eNOS−/− mice in an in vivo model of MI/R. Harvard (Har) eNOS−/− mice ( n = 12) experienced an 84% increase in myocardial necrosis compared with wild-type controls ( P < 0.05). University of North Carolina (UNC) eNOS−/−( n = 10) exhibited a 52% reduction in myocardial injury versus wild-type controls ( P < 0.05). PCR analysis of myocardial inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA levels revealed a significant ( P < 0.05) increase in the UNC eNOS−/− mice compared with wild-type mice, and there was no significant difference between the Har eNOS−/− and wild-type mice. UNC eNOS−/− mice treated with an iNOS inhibitor (1400W) exacerbated the extent of myocardial necrosis. When treated with 1400W, Har eNOS−/− did not exhibit a significant increase in myocardial necrosis. These data demonstrate that two distinct strains of eNOS−/− mice display opposite responses to MI/R. Although the protection seen in the UNC eNOS−/− mouse may result from compensatory increases in iNOS, other genes may be involved.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Comparative Evaluation of a Shellac-Ammonium Paclitaxel-Coated Balloon versus a Benchmark Device

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Congying Xia ◽  
Yunhan Jiang ◽  
Shuangshuang Li ◽  
Dan Xiong ◽  
Xiaojie Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Preclinical Study ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Amorphous Coating ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Drug

Objectives. The present study was designed to compare the characteristics and performance regarding drug delivery of a novel drug-coated balloon (DCB) to a benchmark device (Restore® versus SeQuent® Please) in an in vitro and in vivo model. Background. Although Restore® and SeQuent® are both paclitaxel-coated, they use different coating excipient, shellac-ammonium salt and iopromide, respectively. Preclinical study comparing these two different commercial DCBs regarding their characteristics and effects on early vascular response is sparse. Methods. Restore® and SeQuent® DCBs were scanned with electron microscopy for surface characteristic assessment. Both DCBs were transported in an in vitro vessel model for the evaluation of drug wash-off rate and particulate formation. Eighteen coronary angioplasties with either Restore® or SeQuent® DCBs were conducted in 6 swine (three coronary vessels each). Histopathological images of each vessel were evaluated for vessel injury. Results. The surface of Restore® DCB was smooth and evenly distributed with hardly visible crystal, while SeQuent® DCB showed a rougher surface with relatively larger apparent crystals. Restore® DCB had a lower drug wash-off rate and fewer large visible particles, compared to the SeQuent® DCB. No significant difference in mean injure score was found between Restore® and SeQuent® group. Conclusion. Our results suggest that Restore® is better in preclinical performance regarding less release of particles and lower drug wash-off rate as compared to SeQuent® Please. The Restore® DCB, using stable amorphous coating and shellac-ammonium salt as an excipient, appears to provide an advantage in drug delivery efficacy; however, further clinical studies are warranted.

scholarly journals Biochemical and histopathological evaluation of an in vivo model of breast cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-210
Author(s):  
Neha Sharma ◽  
Anila Negi ◽  
Dharambir Kashyap ◽  
Amanjit Bal ◽  
Shalmoli Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Mammary Tumours ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In Vivo Animal Model

Though, the clinical management of breast cancer has improved significantly over the past 30 years, it still remains the leading cause of cancer-related female death worldwide. Prevention is the fundamental issue in breast cancer control, for which identification markers in terms of initiation and promotion are necessary. To understand this, an animal model which can recapitulate the early symptoms of breast cancer development and progression is required. Present study is an attempt to develop a convenient and economical in-vivo animal model of breast cancer suitable to conduct such study. Female Wistar and SD rats were injected with different doses and routes of administration of 7, 12-Dihydroxymethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA). Animals were observed for the presence of visible/palpable tumours in mammary glands. Various parameters (Tumor morphology, oxidative stress and histopathological studies were studied in different tissues (mammary, lungs, kidney, liver) after the appearance of mammary tumours in rats. After 14 weeks all the animals developed breast carcinomas. The results of this study revealed a significant difference in oxidative stress parameters between DMBA treated and control groups and these alterations were strain dependent. The H&E staining of mice mammary tissue showed development of metaplastic triple negative breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry observation confirmed the triple negative nature of mammary tumours developed in the mice. Data confirmed that DMBA can be used as breast cancer initiator and present model can be further exploited to screen potential anti-breast cancer compounds in vivo.

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations of Three Computer-Aided Shade Matching Instruments

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Yuan ◽  
X Sun ◽  
F Wang ◽  
H Wang ◽  
J Chen
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Model ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
B Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Natural Teeth ◽  
Shade Matching ◽  
Vitro Model

SUMMARY This study evaluated the accuracy and reliability of three computer-aided shade matching instruments (Shadepilot, VITA Easyshade, and ShadeEye NCC) using both in vitro and in vivo models. The in vitro model included the measurement of five VITA Classical shade guides. The in vivo model utilized three instruments to measure the central region of the labial surface of maxillary right central incisors of 85 people. The accuracy and reliability of the three instruments in these two evaluating models were calculated. Significant differences were observed in the accuracy of instruments both in vitro and in vivo. No significant differences were found in the reliability of instruments between and within the in vitro and the in vivo groups. VITA Easyshade was significantly different in accuracy between in vitro and in vivo models, while no significant difference was found for the other two instruments. Shadepilot was the only instrument tested in the present study that showed high accuracy and reliability both in vitro and in vivo. Significant differences were observed in the L*a*b* values of the 85 natural teeth measured using three instruments in the in vivo assessment. The pair-agreement rates of shade matching among the three instruments ranged from 37.7% to 48.2%, and the incidence of identical shade results shared by all three instruments was 25.9%. As different L*a*b* values and shade matching results were reported for the same tooth, a combination of the evaluated shade matching instruments and visual shade confirmation is recommended for clinical use.

scholarly journals A New Antibiotic-Loaded Sol-Gel can Prevent Bacterial Intravenous Catheter-Related Infections

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2946
Author(s):  
John Jairo Aguilera-Correa ◽  
Rosa Vidal-Laso ◽  
Rafael Alfredo Carias-Cálix ◽  
Beatriz Toirac ◽  
Amaya García-Casas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Hydrolytic Degradation ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Foreign Body Giant Cell ◽  
Catheter Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biofilm Development

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a moxifloxacin-loaded organic–inorganic sol-gel (A50) by locally preventing the catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) provoked by Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and the effect resulting from its hydrolytic degradation on coagulation by using a rabbit in-vivo model. A50 coating can completely inhibit growth and would locally prevent CRBSI provoked by S. epidermidis. None of the coagulation blood parameters showed a significant difference constant over time between the control catheter group and the A50-coated catheter group, despite the visible silica release resulting from physiological A50 sol-gel degradation detected in serum at least during the first week. At pathological level, foreign body reaction was present in both of types of catheter, and it was characterized by the presence of macrophages and foreign body giant cell. However, this reaction was different in each group: the A50-coated catheter group showed a higher inflammation with histiocytes, which were forming granuloma-like aggregates with an amorphous crystalline material inside, accompanied by other inflammatory cells such as plasma cells, lymphocytes and mast cells. In conclusion, A50 coating a venous catheter showed excellent bactericidal anti-biofilm response since it completely inhibited S. epidermidis biofilm development and, far from showing procoagulant effects, showed slightly anticoagulant effects.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic Enhancement of Antibiotic Action on Escherichia coli Biofilms: an In Vivo Model

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1211-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea M. Rediske ◽  
Beverly L. Roeder ◽  
Maren K. Brown ◽  
Jared L. Nelson ◽  
Rachel L. Robison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
White Female ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Antibiotic Action ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Biofilm infections are a common complication of prosthetic devices in humans. Previous in vitro research has determined that low-frequency ultrasound combined with aminoglycoside antibiotics is an effective method of killing biofilms. We report the development of an in vivo model to determine if ultrasound enhances antibiotic action. Two 24-h-old Escherichia coli (ATCC 10798) biofilms grown on polyethylene disks were implanted subcutaneously on the backs of New Zealand White female rabbits, one on each side of the spine. Low-frequency (28.48-kHz) and low-power-density (100- and 300-mW/cm2) continuous ultrasound treatment was applied for 24 h with and without systemic administration of gentamicin. The disks were then removed, and the number of viable bacteria on each disk was determined. At the low ultrasonic power used in this study, exposure to ultrasound only (no gentamicin) caused no significant difference in bacterial viability. In the presence of antibiotic, there was a significant reduction due to 300-mW/cm2 ultrasound (P = 0.0485) but no significant reduction due to 100-mW/cm2 ultrasound. Tissue damage to the skin was noted at the 300-mW/cm2 treatment level. Further development of this technique has promise in treatment of clinical implant infections.

scholarly journals In Vitro/In Vivo Evaluation of Sustained Release of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) from Nanocomposite Hydrogel to Induce Angiogenesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasim Kiaei ◽  
Rouhollah Mehdinavaz Aghdam
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Release ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Histological Images ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Abstract Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a proglucagon hormone with cardioprotective effects and angiogenic ability. Results: Chitosan nanoparticles (65nm) possess the ability to encapsulate 65±4.1% of the GLP-1 used for the formulation of nanoparticles. Freeze-dried gels containing these particles released 40% of the total loaded GLP-1 during 192 hours. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was done to observe the morphology of particles both alone or when embedded into a gel. Results of in vivo studies and histological images showed that following the gradual release of GLP-1, new vessels formed into and around gels implanted into the back of rats. Through Drabkin assay, it was observed that the concentration of hemoglobin in the samples containing GLP-1 loading were similar to samples with VEGF loading, while a significant difference exists between hemoglobin concentration in sponges with or without GLP-1 release (P<0.05). Conclusion: Sustained release of GLP-1 induced new vessel formation in a subcutaneous in vivo model of angiogenesis. This system has the potential to induce angiogenesis in myocardial infarction situations.

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