scholarly journals A New Antibiotic-Loaded Sol-Gel can Prevent Bacterial Intravenous Catheter-Related Infections

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2946
Author(s):  
John Jairo Aguilera-Correa ◽  
Rosa Vidal-Laso ◽  
Rafael Alfredo Carias-Cálix ◽  
Beatriz Toirac ◽  
Amaya García-Casas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Hydrolytic Degradation ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Foreign Body Giant Cell ◽  
Catheter Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biofilm Development

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a moxifloxacin-loaded organic–inorganic sol-gel (A50) by locally preventing the catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) provoked by Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and the effect resulting from its hydrolytic degradation on coagulation by using a rabbit in-vivo model. A50 coating can completely inhibit growth and would locally prevent CRBSI provoked by S. epidermidis. None of the coagulation blood parameters showed a significant difference constant over time between the control catheter group and the A50-coated catheter group, despite the visible silica release resulting from physiological A50 sol-gel degradation detected in serum at least during the first week. At pathological level, foreign body reaction was present in both of types of catheter, and it was characterized by the presence of macrophages and foreign body giant cell. However, this reaction was different in each group: the A50-coated catheter group showed a higher inflammation with histiocytes, which were forming granuloma-like aggregates with an amorphous crystalline material inside, accompanied by other inflammatory cells such as plasma cells, lymphocytes and mast cells. In conclusion, A50 coating a venous catheter showed excellent bactericidal anti-biofilm response since it completely inhibited S. epidermidis biofilm development and, far from showing procoagulant effects, showed slightly anticoagulant effects.

scholarly journals A New Antibiotic-Loaded Sol-Gel Can Prevent Bacterial Prosthetic Joint Infection: From in vitro Studies to an in vivo Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Jairo Aguilera-Correa ◽  
Amaya Garcia-Casas ◽  
Aranzazu Mediero ◽  
David Romera ◽  
Francisca Mulero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prosthetic Joint Infection ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Prosthetic Joint

Differential response to myocardial reperfusion injury in eNOS-deficient mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (6) ◽  
pp. H2422-H2426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent R. Sharp ◽  
Steven P. Jones ◽  
David M. Rimmer ◽  
David J. Lefer
Keyword(s):  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Myocardial Necrosis ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Inos Mrna ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Deficient Mice

Two strains of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-deficient (−/−) mice have been developed that respond differently to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R). We evaluated both strains of eNOS−/− mice in an in vivo model of MI/R. Harvard (Har) eNOS−/− mice ( n = 12) experienced an 84% increase in myocardial necrosis compared with wild-type controls ( P < 0.05). University of North Carolina (UNC) eNOS−/−( n = 10) exhibited a 52% reduction in myocardial injury versus wild-type controls ( P < 0.05). PCR analysis of myocardial inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA levels revealed a significant ( P < 0.05) increase in the UNC eNOS−/− mice compared with wild-type mice, and there was no significant difference between the Har eNOS−/− and wild-type mice. UNC eNOS−/− mice treated with an iNOS inhibitor (1400W) exacerbated the extent of myocardial necrosis. When treated with 1400W, Har eNOS−/− did not exhibit a significant increase in myocardial necrosis. These data demonstrate that two distinct strains of eNOS−/− mice display opposite responses to MI/R. Although the protection seen in the UNC eNOS−/− mouse may result from compensatory increases in iNOS, other genes may be involved.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Comparative Evaluation of a Shellac-Ammonium Paclitaxel-Coated Balloon versus a Benchmark Device

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Congying Xia ◽  
Yunhan Jiang ◽  
Shuangshuang Li ◽  
Dan Xiong ◽  
Xiaojie Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Preclinical Study ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Amorphous Coating ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Drug

Objectives. The present study was designed to compare the characteristics and performance regarding drug delivery of a novel drug-coated balloon (DCB) to a benchmark device (Restore® versus SeQuent® Please) in an in vitro and in vivo model. Background. Although Restore® and SeQuent® are both paclitaxel-coated, they use different coating excipient, shellac-ammonium salt and iopromide, respectively. Preclinical study comparing these two different commercial DCBs regarding their characteristics and effects on early vascular response is sparse. Methods. Restore® and SeQuent® DCBs were scanned with electron microscopy for surface characteristic assessment. Both DCBs were transported in an in vitro vessel model for the evaluation of drug wash-off rate and particulate formation. Eighteen coronary angioplasties with either Restore® or SeQuent® DCBs were conducted in 6 swine (three coronary vessels each). Histopathological images of each vessel were evaluated for vessel injury. Results. The surface of Restore® DCB was smooth and evenly distributed with hardly visible crystal, while SeQuent® DCB showed a rougher surface with relatively larger apparent crystals. Restore® DCB had a lower drug wash-off rate and fewer large visible particles, compared to the SeQuent® DCB. No significant difference in mean injure score was found between Restore® and SeQuent® group. Conclusion. Our results suggest that Restore® is better in preclinical performance regarding less release of particles and lower drug wash-off rate as compared to SeQuent® Please. The Restore® DCB, using stable amorphous coating and shellac-ammonium salt as an excipient, appears to provide an advantage in drug delivery efficacy; however, further clinical studies are warranted.

scholarly journals Toxicity evaluation of Yellow Grosbeak, Pheucticus chrysopeplus (Aves: Cardinalidae), feather extract using Brine Shrimp, Artemia salina, lethality test as in vivo model

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1530
Author(s):  
Erick Manuel Andrade-Zuñiga ◽  
Miguel Morales ◽  
Daniel Ariano-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Significant Difference

Chemical defense is a widespread mechanism on many animals and plants. However, just a few cases are known for avian species. In this study we evaluate the toxicity of Pheucticus chrysopeplus feather extract via lethality test with brine shrimp (Artemia salina) as an in vivo model. Mortality of A. salina was evaluated after 24 hour exposure to artificial seawater, methanol, and the methanolic feather extract. Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference in mortality between treatments (X2 = 65.25, P < 0.0001, n = 50). With this we describe P. chrysopeplus as the first known toxic avian species of Guatemala and Central America, raising awareness about its conservation and the identification of the toxic substance present in its feathers. We also highlight the possible mimicry mechanism taking part between P. chrysopeplus and two sympatric oriole species (Icterus pectoralis and I. pustulatus).

scholarly journals Biochemical and histopathological evaluation of an in vivo model of breast cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-210
Author(s):  
Neha Sharma ◽  
Anila Negi ◽  
Dharambir Kashyap ◽  
Amanjit Bal ◽  
Shalmoli Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Mammary Tumours ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In Vivo Animal Model

Though, the clinical management of breast cancer has improved significantly over the past 30 years, it still remains the leading cause of cancer-related female death worldwide. Prevention is the fundamental issue in breast cancer control, for which identification markers in terms of initiation and promotion are necessary. To understand this, an animal model which can recapitulate the early symptoms of breast cancer development and progression is required. Present study is an attempt to develop a convenient and economical in-vivo animal model of breast cancer suitable to conduct such study. Female Wistar and SD rats were injected with different doses and routes of administration of 7, 12-Dihydroxymethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA). Animals were observed for the presence of visible/palpable tumours in mammary glands. Various parameters (Tumor morphology, oxidative stress and histopathological studies were studied in different tissues (mammary, lungs, kidney, liver) after the appearance of mammary tumours in rats. After 14 weeks all the animals developed breast carcinomas. The results of this study revealed a significant difference in oxidative stress parameters between DMBA treated and control groups and these alterations were strain dependent. The H&E staining of mice mammary tissue showed development of metaplastic triple negative breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry observation confirmed the triple negative nature of mammary tumours developed in the mice. Data confirmed that DMBA can be used as breast cancer initiator and present model can be further exploited to screen potential anti-breast cancer compounds in vivo.

Heavy and light chain primary structures control IgG3 nephritogenicity in an experimental model for cryocrystalglobulinemia

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 3467-3472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens-Uwe Rengers ◽  
Guy Touchard ◽  
Catherine Decourt ◽  
Sophie Deret ◽  
Hartmut Michel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Glomerular Lesions ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Primary Structures ◽  
Subendothelial Deposits

Abstract Crystal formation by monoclonal immunoglobulins is a well-known but rare complication of B-cell neoplasia. We have designed an in vivo model of cryocrystalglobulinemia by grafting to mice hybridoma clones producing a pathogenic monoclonal immunogloblulin (Ig) G3κ. One clone, 8A4, secreted a singular IgG3 that formed crystals both in the proliferating plasma cells and as mesangial and subendothelial deposits in the kidney glomeruli. Morphologic analysis of kidneys revealed neutrophil infiltration and endocapillary hyperplasia, while the morphology of deposits was reminiscent of those in cryocrystalglobulinemia patients. A variant clone that only differed from 8A4 by a 3–amino acid deletion in the Vκ CDR1 increased its secretion level by 7-fold and produced an abundant bona fide serum monoclonal cryoglobulin in mice, without crystal formation within tumoral cells; it yielded no subendothelial deposits but only amorphous precipitates in capillary lumens of kidney glomeruli, reminiscent of those seen in the human hyperviscosity syndrome, without other glomerular lesions. A limited variation in the Vκdomain thus proved able to increase secretion, to abrogate crystallization, and to modify patterns of glomerular lesions and deposits. Both the crystallizing and noncrystallizing IgG3κ sequences were related to previously reported murine cryoglobulins, all including a γ3 chain and canonical VH sequences. Two additional variants of 8A4 with identical VH and VL domains but having switched to IgG1 also lost crystal formation, further showing this feature of 8A4 to result from a unique 3-dimensional conformation of the complete immunoglobulin, relying on V and C domain primary structures of both chains.

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations of Three Computer-Aided Shade Matching Instruments

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Yuan ◽  
X Sun ◽  
F Wang ◽  
H Wang ◽  
J Chen
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Model ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
B Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Natural Teeth ◽  
Shade Matching ◽  
Vitro Model

SUMMARY This study evaluated the accuracy and reliability of three computer-aided shade matching instruments (Shadepilot, VITA Easyshade, and ShadeEye NCC) using both in vitro and in vivo models. The in vitro model included the measurement of five VITA Classical shade guides. The in vivo model utilized three instruments to measure the central region of the labial surface of maxillary right central incisors of 85 people. The accuracy and reliability of the three instruments in these two evaluating models were calculated. Significant differences were observed in the accuracy of instruments both in vitro and in vivo. No significant differences were found in the reliability of instruments between and within the in vitro and the in vivo groups. VITA Easyshade was significantly different in accuracy between in vitro and in vivo models, while no significant difference was found for the other two instruments. Shadepilot was the only instrument tested in the present study that showed high accuracy and reliability both in vitro and in vivo. Significant differences were observed in the L*a*b* values of the 85 natural teeth measured using three instruments in the in vivo assessment. The pair-agreement rates of shade matching among the three instruments ranged from 37.7% to 48.2%, and the incidence of identical shade results shared by all three instruments was 25.9%. As different L*a*b* values and shade matching results were reported for the same tooth, a combination of the evaluated shade matching instruments and visual shade confirmation is recommended for clinical use.

Heavy and light chain primary structures control IgG3 nephritogenicity in an experimental model for cryocrystalglobulinemia

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 3467-3472
Author(s):  
Jens-Uwe Rengers ◽  
Guy Touchard ◽  
Catherine Decourt ◽  
Sophie Deret ◽  
Hartmut Michel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Glomerular Lesions ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Primary Structures ◽  
Subendothelial Deposits

Crystal formation by monoclonal immunoglobulins is a well-known but rare complication of B-cell neoplasia. We have designed an in vivo model of cryocrystalglobulinemia by grafting to mice hybridoma clones producing a pathogenic monoclonal immunogloblulin (Ig) G3κ. One clone, 8A4, secreted a singular IgG3 that formed crystals both in the proliferating plasma cells and as mesangial and subendothelial deposits in the kidney glomeruli. Morphologic analysis of kidneys revealed neutrophil infiltration and endocapillary hyperplasia, while the morphology of deposits was reminiscent of those in cryocrystalglobulinemia patients. A variant clone that only differed from 8A4 by a 3–amino acid deletion in the Vκ CDR1 increased its secretion level by 7-fold and produced an abundant bona fide serum monoclonal cryoglobulin in mice, without crystal formation within tumoral cells; it yielded no subendothelial deposits but only amorphous precipitates in capillary lumens of kidney glomeruli, reminiscent of those seen in the human hyperviscosity syndrome, without other glomerular lesions. A limited variation in the Vκdomain thus proved able to increase secretion, to abrogate crystallization, and to modify patterns of glomerular lesions and deposits. Both the crystallizing and noncrystallizing IgG3κ sequences were related to previously reported murine cryoglobulins, all including a γ3 chain and canonical VH sequences. Two additional variants of 8A4 with identical VH and VL domains but having switched to IgG1 also lost crystal formation, further showing this feature of 8A4 to result from a unique 3-dimensional conformation of the complete immunoglobulin, relying on V and C domain primary structures of both chains.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic Enhancement of Antibiotic Action on Escherichia coli Biofilms: an In Vivo Model

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1211-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea M. Rediske ◽  
Beverly L. Roeder ◽  
Maren K. Brown ◽  
Jared L. Nelson ◽  
Rachel L. Robison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
White Female ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Antibiotic Action ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Biofilm infections are a common complication of prosthetic devices in humans. Previous in vitro research has determined that low-frequency ultrasound combined with aminoglycoside antibiotics is an effective method of killing biofilms. We report the development of an in vivo model to determine if ultrasound enhances antibiotic action. Two 24-h-old Escherichia coli (ATCC 10798) biofilms grown on polyethylene disks were implanted subcutaneously on the backs of New Zealand White female rabbits, one on each side of the spine. Low-frequency (28.48-kHz) and low-power-density (100- and 300-mW/cm2) continuous ultrasound treatment was applied for 24 h with and without systemic administration of gentamicin. The disks were then removed, and the number of viable bacteria on each disk was determined. At the low ultrasonic power used in this study, exposure to ultrasound only (no gentamicin) caused no significant difference in bacterial viability. In the presence of antibiotic, there was a significant reduction due to 300-mW/cm2 ultrasound (P = 0.0485) but no significant reduction due to 100-mW/cm2 ultrasound. Tissue damage to the skin was noted at the 300-mW/cm2 treatment level. Further development of this technique has promise in treatment of clinical implant infections.

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